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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

	OR

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 814-00802

HORIZON TECHNOLOGY FINANCE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE		27-2114934
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

312 Farmington Avenue
Farmington, CT		06032
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(860) 676-8654
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x

Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨

Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock traded under the symbol “HRZN” on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding as of October 29, 2019 was 14,571,322.

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Ticker symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	HRZN	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
6.25% Notes due 2022	HTFA	The New York Stock Exchange

HORIZON TECHNOLOGY FINANCE CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements		3

	Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of September 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018		3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		6
	Consolidated Schedules of Investments as of September 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018		7
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		18
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		46
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		67
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		68

	PART II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		69
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		69
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		69
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities		69
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		69
Item 5.	Other Information		70
Item 6.	Exhibits		70
	Signatures		71
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-32.2

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Non-affiliate investments at fair value (cost of $259,778 and $229,772, respectively)	$	258,249		$	227,624
Non-controlled affiliate investments at fair value (cost of $7,241 and $7,887, respectively) (Note 5)		8,947			7,574
Controlled affiliate investments at fair value (cost of $14,358 and $13,262, respectively) (Note 5)		14,323			13,243
Total investments at fair value (cost of $281,377 and $250,921, respectively) (Note 4)		281,519			248,441
Cash		16,958			12,591
Investments in money market funds		18,199			—
Restricted investments in money market funds		1,201			—
Interest receivable		4,966			3,966
Other assets		2,108			1,751
Total assets	$	324,951		$	266,749

Liabilities
Borrowings (Note 7)	$	149,920		$	126,853
Distributions payable		4,324			3,461
Base management fee payable (Note 3)		470			422
Incentive fee payable (Note 3)		1,443			991
Other accrued expenses		650			765
Total liabilities		156,807			132,492

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)

Net assets
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019		—			—
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 14,579,940 and 11,702,594 shares issued and 14,412,475 and 11,535,129 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		15			12
Paid-in capital in excess of par		213,007			179,616
Distributable earnings		(44,878	)		(45,371	)
Total net assets		168,144			134,257
Total liabilities and net assets	$	324,951		$	266,749
Net asset value per common share	$	11.67		$	11.64

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Investment income
Interest income on investments
Interest income on non-affiliate investments	$	8,974		$	7,094		$	25,429		$	20,385
Interest income on affiliate investments		210			193			645			528
Total interest income on investments		9,184			7,287			26,074			20,913
Fee income
Fee income on non-affiliate investments		37			315			382			865
Fee income on affiliate investments		4			—			18			—
Prepayment fee income on non-affiliate investments		639			102			1,373			414
Revenue based payments on non-affiliate investments ¹		1,050			10			1,080			10
Total fee income		1,730			427			2,853			1,289
Dividend income
Dividend income on controlled affiliate investments		461			83			1,223			83
Total dividend income		461			83			1,223			83
Total investment income		11,375			7,797			30,150			22,285
Expenses
Interest expense		2,046			1,681			6,209			4,616
Base management fee (Note 3)		1,394			1,197			4,055			3,399
Performance based incentive fee (Note 3)		1,443			1,297			5,352			2,823
Administrative fee (Note 3)		212			162			631			517
Professional fees		279			289			1,045			997
General and administrative		228			215			688			636
Total expenses		5,602			4,841			17,980			12,988
Performance based incentive fee waived (Note 3)		—			(446	)		(1,848	)		(605	)
Net expenses		5,602			4,395			16,132			12,383
Net investment income		5,773			3,402			14,018			9,902
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investments
Net realized (loss) gain on non-affiliate investments		(424	)		66			(3,871	)		(237	)
Net realized (loss) gain on investments		(424	)		66			(3,871	)		(237	)
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on non-affiliate investments		(129	)		761			620			202
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on non-controlled affiliate investments		—			30			2,019			(75	)
Net unrealized depreciation on controlled affiliate investments		(14	)		—			(17	)		—
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments		(143	)		791			2,622			127
Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investments		(567	)		857			(1,249	)		(110	)
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	5,206		$	4,259		$	12,769		$	9,792
Net investment income per common share	$	0.42		$	0.30		$	1.08		$	0.86
Net increase in net assets per common share	$	0.38		$	0.37		$	0.98		$	0.85
Distributions declared per share	$	0.30		$	0.30		$	0.90		$	0.90
Weighted average shares outstanding		13,816,082			11,529,611			13,016,839			11,525,906

¹ Revenue Based Payments consist of payments made to the Company by a portfolio company based upon a percentage of such portfolio company’s revenue. Such payments were made in addition to the portfolio company’s regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Common Stock				Paid-In Capital in Excess of			Distributable			Total Net
	Shares		Amount		Par			Earnings			Assets
Balance at June 30, 2018		11,527,764	$	12	$	179,720		$	(45,961	)	$	133,771
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, net of excise tax:
Net investment income, net of excise tax		—		—		—			3,402			3,402
Net realized gain on investments		—		—		—			66			66
Net unrealized appreciation on investments		—		—		—			791			791
Financing costs		—		—		(155	)		—			(155	)
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan		3,635		—		41			—			41
Distributions declared		—		—		—			(3,460	)		(3,460	)
Balance at September 30, 2018		11,531,399		12		179,606			(45,162	)		134,456

Balance at June 30, 2019		13,542,873		14		202,855			(45,733	)		157,136
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		865,728		1		10,106			—			10,107
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, net of excise tax:
Net investment income, net of excise tax		—		—		—			5,773			5,773
Net realized loss on investments		—		—		—			(424	)		(424	)
Net unrealized depreciation on investments		—		—		—			(143	)		(143	)
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan		3,874		—		46			—			46
Distributions declared		—		—		—			(4,351	)		(4,351	)
Balance at September 30, 2019		14,412,475	$	15	$	213,007		$	(44,878	)	$	168,144

	Common Stock				Paid-In Capital in Excess of			Distributable			Total Net
	Shares		Amount		Par			Earnings			Assets
Balance at December 31, 2017		11,520,406	$	12	$	179,641		$	(44,578	)	$	135,075
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, net of excise tax:
Net investment income, net of excise tax		—		—		—			9,902			9,902
Net realized loss on investments		—		—		—			(237	)		(237	)
Net unrealized appreciation on investments		—		—		—			127			127
Financing costs		—		—		(155	)		—			(155	)
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan		10,993		—		120			—			120
Distributions declared		—		—		—			(10,376	)		(10,376	)
Balance at September 30, 2018		11,531,399		12		179,606			(45,162	)		134,456

Balance at December 31, 2018		11,535,129		12		179,616			(45,371	)		134,257
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		2,865,728		3		33,251			—			33,254
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations, net of excise tax:
Net investment income, net of excise tax		—		—		—			14,018			14,018
Net realized loss on investments		—		—		—			(3,871	)		(3,871	)
Net unrealized appreciation on investments		—		—		—			2,622			2,622
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan		11,618		—		140			—			140
Distributions declared		—		—		—			(12,276	)		(12,276	)
Balance at September 30, 2019		14,412,475	$	15	$	213,007		$	(44,878	)	$	168,144

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	12,769		$	9,792
Adjustments to reconcile net increase in net assets resulting from operations to net cash used in operating activities:
Amortization of debt issuance costs		522			420
Net realized loss on investments		3,871			237
Net unrealized appreciation on investments		(2,622	)		(127	)
Purchase of investments		(135,284	)		(62,246	)
Principal payments received on investments		101,117			46,503
Proceeds from sale of investments		2,439			3,360
Investment in controlled affiliate investments		(589	)		(4,413	)
Distributions from controlled affiliate investment		715			—
Dividends from controlled affiliate investment		(1,223	)		—
Equity received in settlement of fee income		—			(299	)
Warrants received in settlement of fee income		—			(161	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in money market funds		(18,199	)		—
Increase in restricted account		(1,201	)		—
Increase in interest receivable		(507	)		(48	)
Increase in end-of-term payments		(493	)		(731	)
Decrease in unearned income		(1,491	)		(512	)
(Increase) decrease in other assets		(516	)		72
(Decrease) increase in other accrued expenses		(115	)		82
Increase in base management fee payable		48			31
Increase in incentive fee payable		452			310
Net cash used in operating activities		(40,307	)		(7,730	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		33,254			—
Proceeds from Asset-Backed Notes		100,000			—
Advances on credit facility		49,500			28,000
Repayment of credit facility		(125,000	)		(10,000	)
Debt issuance costs		(1,808	)		(547	)
Distributions paid		(11,272	)		(10,253	)
Financing costs		—			(155	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		44,674			7,045
Net increase(decrease) in cash		4,367			(685	)
Cash:
Beginning of period		12,591			6,594
End of period	$	16,958		$	5,909
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	5,801		$	4,085
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Warrant investments received and recorded as unearned income	$	1,675		$	1,007
Distributions payable	$	4,324		$	3,459
End-of-term payments receivable	$	3,508		$	3,667
Receivable resulting from sale of investment	$	500		$	59

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
Non-Affiliate Investments — 153.6% (8)
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — 146.9% (8)
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Life Science — 66.6% (8)
Celsion Corporation (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,460	$	2,460

		Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500		2,460		2,460
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.00%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,835		4,835
		Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.00%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,923		4,923
Espero BioPharma, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (12.00% cash (Libor + 9.90%; Floor 12.00%), 4.00% ETP, Due 6/30/19) (11)		5,053		5,053		5,053
		Term Loan (12.00% cash (Libor + 9.90%; Floor 12.00%), 4.00% ETP, Due 12/31/19) (11)		4,727		4,727		4,727
LogicBio, Inc.(2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (8.75% cash (Libor + 6.25%; Floor 8.75%), 4.50% ETP, Due 6/1/24		5,000		4,968		4,968
Mustang Bio, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.00% cash (Libor + 6.50%; Floor 9.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		5,000		4,821		4,821
		Term Loan (9.00% cash (Libor + 6.50%; Floor 9.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		5,000		4,917		4,917
vTv Therapeutics Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (12.10% cash (Libor + 10.00%; Floor 10.50%), 6.00% ETP, Due 5/1/20)		1,823		1,810		1,810
		Term Loan (12.10% cash (Libor + 10.00%; Floor 10.50%), 6.00% ETP, Due 10/1/20)		1,875		1,857		1,857
Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Drug Delivery	Term Loan (10.50% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 9.50%), 5.00% ETP, Due 6/1/22)		1,600		1,526		1,526
Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Revolving Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 6.00% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		10,621		10,445		10,445
CSA Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.03% cash (Libor + 7.93%; Floor 10.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		6,000		5,874		5,874
		Term Loan (10.03% cash (Libor + 7.93%; Floor 10.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 7/1/23)		6,000		5,898		5,898
Lantos Technologies, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.53% cash (Libor + 8.43%; Floor 10.00%), 10.00% ETP, Due 9/1/21)		3,750		3,416		3,416
MacuLogix, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.08% cash (Libor + 7.68%; Floor 10.08%), 4.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		7,500		7,386		7,386
		Term Loan (10.08% cash (Libor + 7.68%; Floor 10.08%), 4.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		4,050		3,989		3,989
Meditrina, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (9.70% cash (Libor + 7.10%; Floor 9.70%), 4.00% ETP, Due 5/1/20)		3,000		2,903		2,903
VERO Biotech LLC (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 5.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,963		3,963
		Term Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 5.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,963		3,963
CVRx, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.00%), 3.50% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,931		4,931
		Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.00%), 3.50% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,931		4,931
		Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.00%), 3.50% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,931		4,931
		Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.00%), 3.50% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,931		4,931
						111,918		111,918
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Life Science
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology — 71.4% (8)
Audacy Corporation (2)(12)(15)	Communications	Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.90%; Floor 9.50%), 5.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		3,137		3,137		1,274
		Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.90%; Floor 9.50%), 0.00% ETP, Due 2/1/20)		550		550		226
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,942		3,942
		Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 2/1/22)		3,000		2,952		2,952

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
		Term Loan (12.45% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 12.45%), 2.50% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		1,073		1,056		1,056
		Term Loan (12.45% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 12.45%), 2.50% ETP, Due 04/1/23)		1,440		1,414		1,414
		Term Loan (12.45% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 12.45%), 2.86% ETP, Due 04/1/23)		1,260		1,237		1,237
Betabrand Corporation (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	Term Loan (10.05% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.05%), 4.50% ETP, Due 9/1/23)		4,250		4,111		4,111
		Term Loan (10.05% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.05%), 4.50% ETP, Due 9/1/23)		4,250		4,177		4,177
Mohawk Group Holdings, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,907		4,907
		Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,907		4,907
		Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,907		4,907
Canara, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.60%; Floor 11.00%), 1.00% ETP, Due 2/1/23)		5,000		4,858		4,858
		Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.60%; Floor 11.00%), 1.00% ETP, Due 2/1/23)		5,000		4,858		4,858
Kaminario, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	Term Loan (10.65% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.65%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,933		4,933
		Term Loan (10.65% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.65%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,933		4,933
IgnitionOne, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (12.33% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 4.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,901		2,901
		Term Loan (12.33% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 4.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,901		2,901
		Term Loan (12.33% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 4.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,676		2,676
		Term Loan (12.33% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 4.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,901		2,901
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (10.80% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.80%), 3.33% ETP, Due 9/1/21)		2,308		2,308		2,308
The NanoSteel Company, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 11.00%), 4.00% ETP, Due 6/1/22)		4,250		4,200		4,200
		Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 11.00%), 4.00% ETP, Due 6/1/22)		4,250		4,200		4,200
Bridge2 Solutions, LLC. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 11.00%), 2.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		6,250		6,111		6,111
		Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 11.00%), 2.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		6,250		6,111		6,111
		Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 11.00%), 2.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		2,500		2,401		2,401
New Signature US, Inc. (2)(12)(13)	Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,750		2,718		2,718
		Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 2/1/23)		1,000		986		986
SIGNiX, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (13.10% cash (Libor + 11.00%; Floor 11.50%), 8.67% ETP, Due 2/1/20)		1,554		1,554		1,447
OutboundEngine, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (11.15% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 11.15%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/23)		4,000		3,924		3,924
		Term Loan (11.15% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 11.15%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/23)		4,000		3,924		3,924
Revinate, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (9.50% cash (Libor + 7.00%; Floor 9.50%), 4.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		1,000		866		866
xAd, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (10.80% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,943		4,943
		Term Loan (10.80% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,943		4,943
		Term Loan (10.80% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		3,000		2,966		2,966

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
		Term Loan (10.80% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		2,000		1,977		1,977
						122,390		120,096
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services — 8.9% (8)
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		4,048		4,006		4,006
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		3,571		3,534		3,534
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		3,750		3,709		3,709
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/24)		3,750		3,704		3,704
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services						14,953		14,953
Total Non- Affiliate Debt Investments						249,261		246,967

Non-Affiliate Warrant Investments — 5.9% (8)
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Life Science — 1.2% (8)

ACT Biotech Corporation	Biotechnology	130,872 Preferred Stock Warrants				—		—
Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	4,634 Common Stock Warrants				122		—
Celsion Corporation (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	95,057 Common Stock Warrants				65		2
Corvium, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	661,956 Preferred Stock Warrants				53		24
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	1,510,878 Preferred Stock Warrants				113		111
Espero BioPharma, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	1,507,917 Common Stock Warrants				184		—
Mustang Bio, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	216,138 Common Stock Warrants				140		112
LogicBio, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	7,843 Common Stock Warrants				8		8
Rocket Pharmaceuticals Corporation (5)(12)	Biotechnology	7,051 Common Stock Warrants				17		—
Palatin Technologies, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	608,058 Common Stock Warrants				51		102
Revance Therapeutics, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	34,113 Common Stock Warrants				68		31
Strongbridge U.S. Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	160,714 Common Stock Warrants				72		144
Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	2,050 Common Stock Warrants				5		—
vTv Therapeutics Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	95,293 Common Stock Warrants				44		—
Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Drug Delivery	373,333 Common Stock Warrants				95		—
AccuVein Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,174,881 Preferred Stock Warrants				24		27
Aerin Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,818,182 Preferred Stock Warrants				66		63
Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,145,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				149		145
CSA Medical, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	958,580 Preferred Stock Warrants				112		103
CVRx, Inc.(2)(12)	Medical Device	750,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				76		76
Lantos Technologies, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,715,926 Common Stock Warrants				253		80
MacuLogix, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	454,460 Preferred Stock Warrants				238		143
Meditrina, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	243,391 Preferred Stock Warrants				83		109
NinePoint Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	29,102 Preferred Stock Warrants				33		6
Tryton Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	122,362 Preferred Stock Warrants				15		—
VERO Biotech LLC (2)(12)	Medical Device	800 Common Stock Warrants				53		323
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Life Science						2,139		1,609
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Technology — 3.3% (8)
Audacy Corporation (2)(12)	Communications	1,545,575 Preferred Stock Warrants				194		—
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	1,993,068 Preferred Stock Warrants				144		102
PebblePost, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	598,850 Preferred Stock Warrants				92		149
Betabrand Corporation (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	248,210 Preferred Stock Warrants				101		95
Caastle, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	268,591 Preferred Stock Warrants				68		832
Le Tote, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	202,974 Preferred Stock Warrants				63		359
Mohawk Group Holdings, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	76,923 Common Stock Warrants				195		8
Rhapsody International Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	852,273 Common Stock Warrants				164		—
Canara, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	500,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				242		234
Kaminario, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	9,981,346 Preferred Stock Warrants				124		152
Global Worldwide LLC (2)(12)	Internet and Media	245,810 Preferred Stock Warrants				75		9
IgnitionOne, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	262,910 Preferred Stock Warrants				672		78
Rocket Lawyer Incorporated (2)(12)	Internet and Media	261,721 Preferred Stock Warrants				92		71
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	112,805 Common Stock Warrants				120		30
The NanoSteel Company, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	467,277 Preferred Stock Warrants				233		524

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
Avalanche Technology, Inc. (2)(12)	Semiconductors	202,602 Preferred Stock Warrants				101		170
Soraa, Inc. (2)(12)	Semiconductors	203,616 Preferred Stock Warrants				80		—
Bridge2 Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	162,958 Common Stock Warrants				788		1,107
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (2)(12)(13)	Software	187,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				26		19
Clarabridge, Inc. (12)	Software	53,486 Preferred Stock Warrants				14		105
Education Elements, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	238,121 Preferred Stock Warrants				28		21
Lotame Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	288,115 Preferred Stock Warrants				22		278
OutboundEngine, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	640,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				82		81
Revinate, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	324,544 Preferred Stock Warrants				25		24
Riv Data Corp. (2)(12)	Software	321,428 Preferred Stock Warrants				12		253
ShopKeep.com, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	193,962 Preferred Stock Warrants				118		107
SIGNiX, Inc. (12)	Software	133,560 Preferred Stock Warrants				225		35
Skyword, Inc. (12)	Software	301,056 Preferred Stock Warrants				48		3
Sys-Tech Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	375,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				242		534
Weblinc Corporation (2)(12)	Software	195,122 Preferred Stock Warrants				42		—
xAd, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	4,343,350 Preferred Stock Warrants				177		239
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Technology						4,609		5,619
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Sustainability — 0.1% (8)
Tigo Energy, Inc. (2)(12)	Energy Efficiency	804,604 Preferred Stock Warrants				100		109
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Sustainability						100		109
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Healthcare information and services — 1.5% (8)
LifePrint Group, Inc. (2)(12)	Diagnostics	49,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				29		—
ProterixBio, Inc. (2)(12)	Diagnostics	2,676 Common Stock Warrants				42		—
Verity Solutions Group, Inc. (12)	Other Healthcare	300,360 Preferred Stock Warrants				100		1,678
Watermark Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Other Healthcare	27,373 Preferred Stock Warrants				74		58
Catasys, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Software	51,188 Common Stock Warrants				193		289
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	205,481 Preferred Stock Warrants				83		66
Medsphere Systems Corporation (2)(12)	Software	7,097,792 Preferred Stock Warrants				60		196
Recondo Technology, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	556,796 Preferred Stock Warrants				95		206
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Healthcare information and services						676		2,493
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants						7,524		9,830

Non-Affiliate Other Investments — 0.5% (8)
ZetrOZ, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	Royalty Agreement				90		700
Triple Double Holdings, LLC (12)	Software	License Agreement				2,200		188
Total Non-Affiliate Other Investments						2,290		888

Non-Affiliate Equity — 0.3% (8)
Revance Therapeutics, Inc.(5)	Biotechnology	5,125 Common Stock				73		66
Zeta Global Holdings Corp.	Internet and Media	18,405 Common Stock				240		240
Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (5)	Biotechnology	13,082 Common Stock				83		10
SnagAJob.com, Inc. (12)	Consumer-related Technologies	82,974 Common Stock				8		82
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	100,598 Preferred Stock				225		92
Formetrix, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	74,286 Common Stock				74		74
Total Non-Affiliate Equity						703		564
Total Non-Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets					$	259,778	$	258,249

Non-controlled Affiliate Investments — 5.3% (8)
Non-controlled Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology — 3.7% (8)
Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (14.41% cash (Libor + 12.31%; Floor 12.50%), 8.00% ETP, Due 12/1/20)	$	1,237	$	1,237	$	1,237
		Term Loan (14.41% cash (Libor + 12.31%; Floor 12.50%), 8.00% ETP, Due 12/1/20)		653		653		653
		Term Loan (12.02% cash, Due 12/31/19)		242		242		242
		Term Loan (12.03% cash, Due 12/31/19)		242		242		242
		Term Loan (12.24% cash, Due 12/31/19)		727		727		727
		Term Loan (13.08% cash, Due 12/31/19)		292		292		292
		Term Loan (13.10% cash, Due 12/31/19)		194		194		194
StereoVision Imaging, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (9.13% Cash (Libor + 7.03%; Floor		3,033		2,632		2,632
		8.50%), 8.50% ETP, Due 9/1/21) (11)
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology						6,219		6,219

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal	Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount	Investments (6)		Value
Non-controlled Affiliate Warrants — Technology — 0.0% (8)

Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	82,967 Common Stock Warrants			46		—
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Warrants — Technology					46		—
Non-controlled Affiliate Equity — Technology — 1.6% (8)
Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	45,365,936 Common Stock			185		75
StereoVision Imaging, Inc. (12)	Software	1,943,572 Common Stock			791		2,653
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Equity					976		2,728
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets				$	7,241	$	8,947

Controlled Affiliate Investments — 8.5% (8)
Controlled Affiliate Equity — Financial — 8.5% (8)

Horizon Secured Loan Fund I LLC (12)(14)				$	14,358	$	14,323
Total Controlled Affiliate Equity					14,358		14,323
Total Controlled Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets				$	14,358	$	14,323

Total Portfolio Investment Assets — 167.4%(8)				$	281,377	$	281,519

Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments — 10.8% (8)
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account				$	18,199	$	18,199
Total Short Term Investments —Unrestricted Investments				$	18,199	$	18,199

Short Term Investments — Restricted Investments—0.7% (8)
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account				$	1,201	$	1,201
Total Short Term Investments — Restricted Investments				$	1,201	$	1,201

(1)		All investments of the Company are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)		Has been pledged as collateral under the revolving credit facility with KeyBank National Association (the “Key Facility”) and/or our Asset-Backed Notes.
(3)		All non-affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns less than 5% of the voting securities of the portfolio company. All non-controlled affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns 5% or more of the voting securities of the portfolio company but not more than 25% of the voting securities of the portfolio company. All controlled affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns more than 25% of the portfolio company’s outstanding voting securities or has the power to exercise control over management or policies of such portfolio company (including through a management agreement).
(4)		All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to the Company’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include end-of-term payments (“ETPs”), and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of September 30, 2019 is provided.
(5)		Portfolio company is a public company.
(6)		For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(7)		Warrants, Equity and Other Investments are non-income producing.
(8)		Value as a percent of net assets.
(9)		As of September 30, 2019, 4.4% of the Company’s total assets on a cost and fair value basis are in non-qualifying assets. Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), the Company may not acquire any non-qualifying assets unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the Company’s total assets.
(10)		ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid. Therefore, a portion of the incentive fee the Company may pay its Advisor will be based on income that the Company has not yet received in cash.
(11)		Debt investment has a payment-in-kind (“PIK”) feature.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments (Unaudited)

September 30, 2019

(Dollars in thousands)

(12)		The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(13)		New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.
(14)		On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Arena Sunset SPV, LLC (“Arena”) to co-invest through Horizon Secured Loan Fund I (“HSLFI”), a joint venture, which is expected to make investments, either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, primarily in the form of secured loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. All HSLFI investment decisions require unanimous approval of a quorum of HSLFI’s board of managers, which consists of two representatives of the Company and Arena. Although the Company owns more than 25% of the voting securities of HSLFI, the Company does not have sole control over significant actions of HSLFI for purposes of the 1940 Act or otherwise.
(15)		Debt investment is on non-accrual status as of September 30, 2019.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
Non-Affiliate Investments — 169.6% (8)
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — 156.3% (8)
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Life Science — 49.9% (8)
Celsion Corporation (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,450	$	2,450
		Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500		2,450		2,450
Espero BioPharma, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (12.25% cash (Libor + 9.9%; Floor 12.00%), 4.00% ETP, Due 6/30/19)		5,000		4,760		4,760
Palatin Technologies, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (10.85% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 9.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 8/1/19)		1,167		1,156		1,156
		Term Loan (10.85% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 9.00%), 3.27% ETP, Due 8/1/19)		1,167		1,167		1,167
vTv Therapeutics Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (12.35% cash (Libor + 10.00%; Floor10.50%), 6.00% ETP, Due 5/1/20)		4,167		4,136		4,136
		Term Loan (12.35% cash (Libor + 10.00%; Floor 10.50%), 6.00% ETP, Due 10/1/20)		3,281		3,250		3,250
Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Drug Delivery	Term Loan (10.75% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 9.50%), 5.00% ETP, Due 6/1/21)		1,600		1,495		1,495
Aerin Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (9.80% cash (Libor + 7.45%; Floor 8.75%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,891		3,891
		Term Loan (9.80% cash (Libor + 7.45%; Floor 8.75%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		3,000		2,966		2,966
		Term Loan (9.80% cash (Libor + 7.45%; Floor 8.75%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		3,000		2,966		2,966
Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 6.00% ETP, Due 6/1/21)		4,000		3,949		3,949
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 6.00% ETP, Due 6/1/21)		4,000		3,949		3,949
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 6.00% ETP, Due 6/1/21)		4,000		3,949		3,949
CSA Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.28% cash (Libor + 7.93%; Floor 10.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		6,000		5,768		5,768
Lantos Technologies, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.78% cash (Libor + 8.43%; Floor 10.00%), 6.00% ETP, Due 9/1/21)		4,000		3,563		3,563
MacuLogix, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.02% cash (Libor + 7.68%; Floor 9.50%), 4.00% ETP, Due 8/1/22)		3,750		3,623		3,623
		Term Loan (10.14% cash (Libor + 7.68%; Floor 9.50%), 4.00% ETP, Due 8/1/22)		3,750		3,638		3,638
VERO Biotech LLC (2)(12)	Medical Device	Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 5.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,950		3,950
		Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.00%; Floor 9.25%), 5.00% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,950		3,950
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Life Science						67,026		67,026
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology — 88.9% (8)
Audacy Corporation (2)(12)	Communications	Term Loan (10.25% cash (Libor + 7.90%; Floor 9.50%), 5.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		4,000		3,936		3,636
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,948		3,948
		Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 2/1/21)		3,000		2,955		2,955
Food52, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	Term Loan (10.90% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.90%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		3,000		2,918		2,918
		Term Loan (10.90% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.90%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		3,000		2,918		2,918
Mohawk Group Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,885		4,885
		Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,885		4,885
		Term Loan (9.90% cash (Libor + 7.40%; Floor 9.90%), 4.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,885		4,885
Kaminario, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	Term Loan (10.87% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.65%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,918		4,918

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
		Term Loan (10.87% cash (Libor + 8.40%; Floor 10.65%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		5,000		4,917		4,917
IgnitionOne, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (12.58% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 2.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,871		2,871
		Term Loan (12.58% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 2.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,871		2,871
		Term Loan (12.58% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 2.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,871		2,871
		Term Loan (12.58% cash (Libor + 10.23%; Floor 10.23%), 2.00% ETP, Due 4/1/22)		3,000		2,871		2,871
Jump Ramp Games, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (12.08% cash (Libor + 9.73%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/21)		4,000		3,960		3,960
Kixeye, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (11.95% cash (Libor + 9.60%; Floor 10.75%), 2.00% ETP, Due 5/1/21)		2,700		2,617		2,617
		Term Loan (11.95% cash (Libor + 9.60%; Floor 10.75%), 2.00% ETP, Due 5/1/21)		2,700		2,661		2,661
Rocket Lawyer Incorporated (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (11.75% cash (Libor + 9.40%; Floor 10.50%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,952		3,952
		Term Loan (11.75% cash (Libor + 9.40%; Floor 10.50%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,952		3,952
		Term Loan (11.75% cash (Libor + 9.40%; Floor 10.50%), 3.00% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		2,000		1,973		1,973
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (11.15% cash (Libor + 8.80%; Floor 10.80%), 3.33% ETP, Due 9/1/21)		3,300		3,172		3,172
Zinio Holdings, LLC (2)(12)	Internet and Media	Term Loan (13.60% cash (Libor + 11.25%; Floor 11.75%), 6.00% ETP, Due 2/1/20)		3,225		3,213		3,213
The NanoSteel Company, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 11.00%), 4.0% ETP, Due 6/1/22)		4,250		4,186		4,186
		Term Loan (11.00% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 11.00%), 4.0% ETP, Due 6/1/22)		4,250		4,186		4,186
Powerhouse Dynamics, Inc. (2)(12)	Power Management	Term Loan (13.05% cash (Libor + 10.70%; Floor 11.20%), 3.32% ETP, Due 9/1/19)		525		512		512
Luxtera, Inc. (12)	Semiconductors	Term Loan (12.00% cash (Prime + 6.75%), Due 3/28/20)		2,000		1,945		1,945
		Term Loan (12.00% cash (Prime + 6.75%), Due 3/28/20)		1,500		1,468		1,468
Bridge2 Solutions, LLC. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (11.60% cash (Libor + 9.25%; Floor 10.50%), 2.00% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,835		4,835
		Term Loan (11.60% cash (Libor + 9.25%; Floor 10.50%), 2.00% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,835		4,835
Education Elements, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (12.35% cash (Libor + 10.00%; Floor 10.50%), 4.00% ETP, Due 8/1/19)		350		346		346
New Signature US, Inc. (2)(12)(13)	Software	Term Loan (10.85% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,750		2,699		2,699
SIGNiX, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (13.35% cash (Libor + 11.00%; Floor 11.50%), 8.67% ETP, Due 2/1/20)		1,845		1,790		1,555
xAd, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (11.05% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,923		4,923
		Term Loan (11.05% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		5,000		4,923		4,923
		Term Loan (11.05% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		3,000		2,954		2,954
		Term Loan (11.05% cash (Libor + 8.70%; Floor 10.00%), 4.75% ETP, Due 11/1/21)		2,000		1,969		1,969
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology						119,720		119,185
Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services — 17.5% (8)
Catasys, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Software	Term Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 7.75%; Floor 9.75%), 6.00% ETP, Due 3/1/22)		2,500		2,478		2,478
		Term Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 7.75%; Floor 9.75%), 6.00% ETP, Due 3/1/22)		2,500		2,478		2,478
		Term Loan (10.10% cash (Libor + 7.75%; Floor 9.75%), 6.00% ETP, Due 3/1/22)		2,500		2,477		2,477

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		5,000		4,948		4,948
		Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/23)		3,750		3,704		3,704
		Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		3,750		3,701		3,701
		Term Loan (10.69% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 1/1/24)		3,750		3,696		3,696
Total Non-Affiliate Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services						23,482		23,482
Total Non- Affiliate Debt Investments						210,228		209,693

Non-Affiliate Warrant Investments — 6.9% (8)
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Life Science — 1.5% (8)
ACT Biotech Corporation	Biotechnology	130,872 Preferred Stock Warrants				12		—
Alpine Immune Sciences, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	4,634 Common Stock Warrants				122		—
Celsion Corporation (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	95,465 Common Stock Warrants				79		1
Espero BioPharma, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	1,506,937 Common Stock Warrants				184		185
Rocket Pharmaceuticals Corporation (5)(12)	Biotechnology	7,051 Common Stock Warrants				17		—
Palatin Technologies, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	608,058 Common Stock Warrants				51		34
Revance Therapeutics, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	34,113 Common Stock Warrants				68		210
Sample6, Inc. (2)(12)	Biotechnology	661,956 Preferred Stock Warrants				53		26
Strongbridge U.S. Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	160,714 Common Stock Warrants				72		356
Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (5)(12)	Biotechnology	2,050 Common Stock Warrants				5		—
vTv Therapeutics Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Biotechnology	95,293 Common Stock Warrants				44		1
Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2)(5)(12)	Drug Delivery	2,240,000 Common Stock Warrants				95		89
AccuVein Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,174,881 Preferred Stock Warrants				24		28
Aerin Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,818,182 Preferred Stock Warrants				66		68
Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	720,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				95		99
CSA Medical, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	745,562 Preferred Stock Warrants				89		86
Lantos Technologies, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	1,715,926 Common Stock Warrants				253		285
MacuLogix, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	234,742 Preferred Stock Warrants				179		90
Mitralign, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	64,190 Common Stock Warrants				52		1
NinePoint Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	29,102 Preferred Stock Warrants				33		6
ReShape Lifesciences Inc. (5)(12)	Medical Device	121 Common Stock Warrants				341		—
Tryton Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Medical Device	122,362 Preferred Stock Warrants				15		13
VERO Biotech LLC (2)(12)	Medical Device	800 Common Stock Warrants				53		331
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Life Science						2,002		1,909
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Technology — 4.8% (8)
Audacy Corporation (2)(12)	Communications	1,545,575 Preferred Stock Warrants				194		—
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	1,171,549 Preferred Stock Warrants				94		57
PebblePost, Inc. (2)(12)	Communications	598,850 Preferred Stock Warrants				92		158
Food52, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	102,941 Preferred Stock Warrants				104		104
Gwynnie Bee, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	268,591 Preferred Stock Warrants				68		820
Le Tote, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	202,974 Preferred Stock Warrants				63		368
Mohawk Group Holdings, Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	300,000 Common Stock Warrants				195		195
Rhapsody International Inc. (2)(12)	Consumer-related Technologies	852,273 Common Stock Warrants				164		—
Kaminario, Inc. (2)(12)	Data Storage	9,981,346 Preferred Stock Warrants				124		161
IgnitionOne, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	262,910 Preferred Stock Warrants				672		665
Jump Ramp Games, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	159,766 Preferred Stock Warrants				32		1
Kixeye, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	791,251 Preferred Stock Warrants				75		61
Rocket Lawyer Incorporated (2)(12)	Internet and Media	261,721 Preferred Stock Warrants				92		76
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	112,805 Common Stock Warrants				120		120
The NanoSteel Company, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	467,277 Preferred Stock Warrants				233		567
Powerhouse Dynamics, Inc. (2)(12)	Power Management	348,838 Preferred Stock Warrants				33		—
Avalanche Technology, Inc. (2)(12)	Semiconductors	202,602 Preferred Stock Warrants				101		53
Luxtera, Inc. (2)(12)	Semiconductors	3,546,553 Preferred Stock Warrants				213		744
Soraa, Inc. (2)(12)	Semiconductors	203,616 Preferred Stock Warrants				80		426
Bolt Solutions Inc. (2)(12)	Software	202,892 Preferred Stock Warrants				113		—
Bridge2 Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	125,458 Common Stock Warrants				432		756
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (2)(12)(13)	Software	137,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				19		19
Clarabridge, Inc. (12)	Software	53,486 Preferred Stock Warrants				14		106
Education Elements, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	238,121 Preferred Stock Warrants				28		23

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount		Investments (6)		Value
Lotame Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	288,115 Preferred Stock Warrants				22		286
Metricly, Inc. (12)	Software	41,569 Common Stock Warrants				48		—
Riv Data Corp. (2)(12)	Software	321,428 Preferred Stock Warrants				12		36
ShopKeep.com, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	193,962 Preferred Stock Warrants				118		114
SIGNiX, Inc. (12)	Software	133,560 Preferred Stock Warrants				225		35
Skyword, Inc. (12)	Software	301,056 Preferred Stock Warrants				48		3
Sys-Tech Solutions, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	375,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				242		429
Weblinc Corporation (2)(12)	Software	195,122 Preferred Stock Warrants				42		—
xAd, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	4,343,350 Preferred Stock Warrants				177		251
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Technology						4,289		6,634
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Sustainability — 0.1% (8)
Renmatix, Inc. (2)(12)	Alternative Energy	53,022 Preferred Stock Warrants				68		—
Tigo Energy, Inc. (2)(12)	Energy Efficiency	804,604 Preferred Stock Warrants				100		112
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Sustainability						168		112
Non-Affiliate Warrants — Healthcare information and services — 0.5% (8)
LifePrint Group, Inc. (2)(12)	Diagnostics	49,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				29		2
ProterixBio, Inc. (2)(12)	Diagnostics	2,676 Common Stock Warrants				42		—
Singulex, Inc. (12)	Other Healthcare	294,231 Preferred Stock Warrants				44		45
Verity Solutions Group, Inc. (12)	Other Healthcare	300,360 Preferred Stock Warrants				100		65
Watermark Medical, Inc. (2)(12)	Other Healthcare	27,373 Preferred Stock Warrants				74		62
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	205,481 Preferred Stock Warrants				83		71
Medsphere Systems Corporation (2)(12)	Software	7,097,792 Preferred Stock Warrants				60		212
Recondo Technology, Inc. (2)(12)	Software	556,796 Preferred Stock Warrants				95		212
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants — Healthcare information and services						527		669
Total Non-Affiliate Warrants						6,986		9,324

Non-Affiliate Other Investments — 5.7% (8)
Espero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (12)	Biotechnology	Royalty Agreement				5,300		4,700
ZetrOZ, Inc. (12)	Medical Device	Royalty Agreement				142		700
Vette Technology, LLC (12)	Data Storage	Royalty Agreement Due 4/18/2019				4,173		40
Triple Double Holdings, LLC (12)	Software	License Agreement				2,200		2,200
Total Non-Affiliate Other Investments						11,815		7,640

Non-Affiliate Equity — 0.7% (8)
Insmed Incorporated (5)	Biotechnology	33,208 Common Stock				238		436
Revance Therapeutics, Inc.(5)	Biotechnology	5,125 Common Stock				73		103
Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (5)	Biotechnology	13,082 Common Stock				83		5
SnagAJob.com, Inc. (12)	Consumer-related Technologies	82,974 Common Stock				9		83
Verve Wireless, Inc. (2)(12)	Internet and Media	100,598 Preferred Stock				225		225
Formetrix, Inc. (2)(12)	Materials	74,286 Common Stock				74		74
TruSignal, Inc. (12)	Software	32,637 Common Stock				41		41
Total Non-Affiliate Equity						743		967
Total Non-Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets					$	229,772	$	227,624
Non-controlled Affiliate Investments — 5.6% (8)
Non-controlled Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology — 5.0% (8)
Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (14.66% cash (Libor + 12.31%; Floor 12.50%), 8.00% ETP, Due 12/1/20)	$	1,523	$	1,522	$	1,464
		Term Loan (14.66% cash (Libor + 12.31%; Floor 12.50%), 8.00% ETP, Due 12/1/20)		833		795		764
		Term Loan (12.02% cash, Due 12/31/19)		250		250		240
		Term Loan (12.03% cash, Due 12/31/19)		250		250		240
		Term Loan (12.24% cash, Due 12/31/19)		750		750		721
		Term Loan (13.08% cash, Due 12/31/19)		300		300		289
		Term Loan (13.10% cash, Due 12/31/19)		200		200		192
StereoVision Imaging, Inc. (12)	Software	Term Loan (9.38% Cash (Libor + 7.03%; Floor		3,200		2,798		2,798
		8.50%), 8.50% ETP, Due 9/1/21) (11)
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Debt Investments — Technology						6,865		6,708

Non-controlled Affiliate Warrants — Technology — 0.0% (8)
Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	82,967 Common Stock Warrants				46		—
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Warrants — Technology						46		—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Schedule of Investments

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

			Principal	Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company (1)(3)	Sector	Type of Investment (4)(7)(9)(10)	Amount	Investments (6)		Value
Non-controlled Affiliate Equity — Technology — 0.6% (8)
Decisyon, Inc. (12)	Software	45,365,936 Common Stock			185		75
StereoVision Imaging, Inc. (12)	Software	1,943,572 Common Stock			791		791
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Equity					976		866
Total Non-controlled Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets				$	7,887	$	7,574


Controlled Affiliate Investments — 9.9% (8)
Controlled Affiliate Equity — Financial — 9.9% (8)
Horizon Secured Loan Fund I LLC (12)(14)	Investment funds			$	13,262	$	13,243
Total Controlled Affiliate Equity					13,262		13,243
Total Controlled Affiliate Portfolio Investment Assets				$	13,262	$	13,243

Total Portfolio Investment Assets — 185.1% (8)				$	250,921	$	248,441

(1)		All investments of the Company are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)		Has been pledged as collateral under the Key Facility.
(3)		All non-affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns less than 5% of the voting securities of the portfolio company. All non-controlled affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns 5% or more of the voting securities of the portfolio company but not more than 25% of the voting securities of the portfolio company. All controlled affiliate investments are investments in which the Company owns more than 25% of the portfolio company’s outstanding voting securities or has the power to exercise control over management or policies of such portfolio company (including through a management agreement).
(4)		All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to the Company’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include ETPs, and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on LIBOR are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2018 is provided.
(5)		Portfolio company is a public company.
(6)		For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(7)		Warrants, Equity and Other Investments are non-income producing.
(8)		Value as a percent of net assets.
(9)		As of December 31, 2018, 5.0% of the Company’s total assets on a cost and fair value basis are in non-qualifying assets. Under the 1940 Act, the Company may not acquire any non-qualifying assets unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the Company’s total assets.
(10)		ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid. Therefore, a portion of the incentive fee the Company may pay its Advisor will be based on income that the Company has not yet received in cash.
(11)		Debt investment has a PIK feature.
(12)		The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(13)		New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.
(14)		On June 1, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Arena to co-invest through HSLFI, a joint venture, which is expected to make investments, either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, primarily in the form of secured loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. All HSLFI investment decisions require unanimous approval of a quorum of HSLFI’s board of managers, which consists of two representatives of the Company and Arena. Although the Company owns more than 25% of the voting securities of HSLFI, the Company does not have sole control over significant actions of HSLFI for purposes of the 1940 Act or otherwise.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Organization

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (the “Company”) was organized as a Delaware corporation on March 16, 2010 and is an externally managed, non-diversified, closed-end investment company. The Company has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the 1940 Act. In addition, for tax purposes, the Company has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) as defined under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a RIC, the Company generally is not subject to corporate-level federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income (including net capital gains) the Company distributes to its stockholders. The Company primarily makes secured debt investments to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. All of the Company’s debt investments consist of loans secured by all of, or a portion of, the applicable debtor company’s tangible and intangible assets.

On October 28, 2010, the Company completed an initial public offering (“IPO”) and its common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “HRZN”. The Company was formed to continue and expand the business of Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which commenced operations in March 2008 and became the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary upon the completion of the Company’s IPO.

Horizon Credit II LLC (“Credit II”) was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on June 28, 2011, with the Company as its sole equity member. Credit II is a special purpose bankruptcy-remote entity and is a separate legal entity from the Company. Any assets conveyed to Credit II are not available to creditors of the Company or any other entity other than Credit II’s lenders.

The Company formed Horizon Funding 2019-1 LLC (“2019-1 LLC”) as a Delaware limited liability company on May 2, 2019 and Horizon Funding Trust 2019-1 on May 15, 2019 (“2019-1 Trust” and, together with the 2019-1 LLC, the “2019-1 Entities”). The 2019-1 Entities are special purpose bankruptcy remote entities and are separate legal entities from the Company. The Company formed the 2019-1 Entities for purposes of securitizing $160.0 million of secured loans and issuing fixed-rate asset-backed notes in an aggregate principal amount of $100.0 million (the “Asset-Backed Notes”).

The Company has also established an additional wholly owned subsidiary, which is structured as a Delaware limited liability company, to hold the assets of a portfolio company acquired in connection with foreclosure or bankruptcy, which is a separate legal entity from the Company.

The Company’s investment strategy is to maximize the investment portfolio’s return by generating current income from the debt investments the Company makes and capital appreciation from the warrants the Company receives when making such debt investments. The Company has entered into an investment management agreement (the “Investment Management Agreement”) with Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC (the “Advisor”) under which the Advisor manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory services to, the Company.

On March 26, 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 2,000,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $12.14 per share, for total net proceeds to the Company of $23.1 million, after deducting underwriting commission and discounts and other offering expenses.

Note 2. Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Articles 6 and 10 of Regulation S-X (“Regulation S-X”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments and reclassifications that are necessary for the fair presentation of financial results as of and for the periods presented. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results that ultimately may be achieved for the year. Therefore, the unaudited financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Principles of consolidation

As required under GAAP and Regulation S-X, the Company will generally consolidate its investment in a company that is an investment company subsidiary or a controlled operating company whose business consists of providing services to the Company. Accordingly, the Company consolidated the results of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries in its consolidated financial statements. Although the Company owns more than 25% of the voting securities of HSLFI, the Company does not have sole control over significant actions of HSLFI for purposes of the 1940 Act or otherwise, and thus does not consolidate its interest.

Assets related to transactions that do not meet ASC Topic 860 requirements for accounting sale treatment are reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as investments. Those assets are owned by special purpose entities, including 2019-1 Entities that are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The creditors of the special purpose entities have received security interests in such assets and such assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of the Company (or any affiliate of the Company).

Use of estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the balance sheet and income and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the valuation of investments.

Fair value

The Company records all of its investments at fair value in accordance with relevant GAAP, which establishes a framework used to measure fair value and requires disclosures for fair value measurements. The Company has categorized its investments carried at fair value, based on the priority of the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy as more fully described in Note 6. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of the market participant who holds the financial instrument rather than an entity specific measure. Therefore, when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that management believes market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument at the measurement date.

The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market and the current market conditions. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for financial instruments classified as Level 3.

See Note 6 for additional information regarding fair value.

Segments

The Company has determined that it has a single reporting segment and operating unit structure. The Company lends to and invests in portfolio companies in various technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. The Company separately evaluates the performance of each of its lending and investment relationships. However, because each of these debt investments and investment relationships has similar business and economic characteristics, they have been aggregated into a single lending and investment segment.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Investments

Investments are recorded at fair value. The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) determines the fair value of the Company’s portfolio investments. The Company has the intent to hold its debt investments for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff.

Interest on debt investments is accrued and included in income based on contractual rates applied to principal amounts outstanding. Interest income is determined using a method that results in a level rate of return on principal amounts outstanding. Generally, when a debt investment becomes 90 days or more past due, or if the Company otherwise does not expect to receive interest and principal repayments, the debt investment is placed on non-accrual status and the recognition of interest income may be discontinued. Interest payments received on non-accrual debt investments may be recognized as income, on a cash basis, or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment at the time the debt investment is placed on non-accrual status. As of September 30, 2019, there was one debt investment on non-accrual status with a cost of $3.7 million and a fair value of $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, there were no debt investments on non-accrual status. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any interest income from debt investments on non-accrual status.

The Company receives a variety of fees from borrowers in the ordinary course of conducting its business, including advisory fees, commitment fees, amendment fees, non-utilization fees, success fees and prepayment fees. In a limited number of cases, the Company may also receive a non-refundable deposit earned upon the termination of a transaction. Debt investment origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and, along with unearned income, are amortized as a level-yield adjustment over the respective term of the debt investment. All other income is recognized when earned. Fees for counterparty debt investment commitments with multiple debt investments are allocated to each debt investment based upon each debt investment’s relative fair value. When a debt investment is placed on non-accrual status, the amortization of the related fees and unearned income is discontinued until the debt investment is returned to accrual status.

Certain debt investment agreements also require the borrower to make an ETP, that is accrued into interest receivable and taken into income over the life of the debt investment to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company will generally cease accruing the income if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or the Company does not expect the borrower to be able to pay the ETP when due. The proportion of the Company’s total investment income that resulted from the portion of ETPs not received in cash for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 4.5% and 7.6%, respectively. The proportion of the Company’s total investment income that resulted from the portion of ETPs not received in cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.9% and 7.3%, respectively.

In connection with substantially all lending arrangements, the Company receives warrants to purchase shares of stock from the borrower. The warrants are recorded as assets at estimated fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The warrants are considered loan fees and are recorded as unearned income on the grant date. The unearned income is recognized as interest income over the contractual life of the related debt investment in accordance with the Company’s income recognition policy. Subsequent to debt investment origination, the fair value of the warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Any adjustment to fair value is recorded through earnings as net unrealized appreciation or depreciation on investments. Gains and losses from the disposition of the warrants or stock acquired from the exercise of warrants are recognized as realized gains and losses on investments.

Distributions from HSLFI are evaluated at the time of distribution to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital. Generally, the Company will not record distributions from HSLFI as dividend income unless there are sufficient accumulated tax-basis earnings and profit in HSLFI prior to distribution. Distributions that are classified as a return of capital are recorded as a reduction in the cost basis of the investment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, HSLFI distributed $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, classified as dividend income to the Company. For the period June 1, 2018 (the commencement of HSLFI’s operations) through September 30, 2018, HSLFI distributed $0.1 million as dividend income to the Company.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Realized gains or losses on the sale of investments, or upon the determination that an investment balance, or portion thereof, is not recoverable, are calculated using the specific identification method. The Company measures realized gains or losses by calculating the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the change in the fair values of the Company’s portfolio investments during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized.

Debt issuance costs

Debt issuance costs are fees and other direct incremental costs incurred by the Company in obtaining debt financing from its lenders and issuing debt securities. The unamortized balance of debt issuance costs as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $3.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively. These amounts are amortized and included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the life of the borrowings. The accumulated amortization balances as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $2.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Income taxes

As a BDC, the Company has elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code and operates in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. In order to qualify as a RIC and to avoid the imposition of corporate-level income tax on the portion of its taxable income distributed to stockholders, among other things, the Company is required to meet certain source of income and asset diversification requirements and to timely distribute dividends out of assets legally available for distribution to its stockholders of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code and determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid, for each tax year. The Company, among other things, has made and intends to continue to make the requisite distributions to its stockholders, which generally relieves the Company from corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal income tax has been recorded in the financial statements. Differences between taxable income and net increase in net assets resulting from operations either can be temporary, meaning they will reverse in the future, or permanent. In accordance with Topic 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB’s”), Accounting Standards Codification, as amended (“ASC”), permanent tax differences, such as non-deductible excise taxes paid, are reclassified from distributions in excess of net investment income and net realized loss on investments to paid-in-capital at the end of each fiscal year. These permanent book-to-tax differences are reclassified on the consolidated statements of changes in net assets to reflect their tax character but have no impact on total net assets. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company reclassified $0.03 million to paid-in capital from distributions in excess of net investment income, which related to excise taxes payable.

Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and incur a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that the Company determines that its estimated current year annual taxable income will be in excess of estimated current year distributions, the Company accrues excise tax, if any, on estimated excess taxable income as taxable income is earned. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no U.S. federal excise tax recorded.

The Company evaluates tax positions taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, as modified by ASC Topic 946. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold, or uncertain tax positions, would be recorded as a tax expense in the current year. It is the Company’s policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had no material uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company’s income tax returns for the 2017, 2016 and 2015 tax years remain subject to examination by U.S. federal and state tax authorities.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Distributions

Distributions to common stockholders are recorded on the declaration date. The amount to be paid out as distributions is determined by the Board. Net realized capital gains, if any, may be distributed, although the Company may decide to retain such net realized gains for investment.

The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that provides for reinvestment of cash distributions on behalf of its stockholders, unless a stockholder elects to receive cash. As a result, if the Board declares a cash distribution, then stockholders who have not “opted out” of the dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock, rather than receiving the cash distribution. The Company may issue new shares or purchase shares in the open market to fulfill its obligations under the plan.

Stockholders’ Equity

On August 2, 2019 the Company entered into an At-The-Market (“ATM”) sales agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and B. Riley FBR, Inc. (each a “Sales Agent” and, collectively, the “Sales Agents”). The Equity Distribution Agreement provides that Horizon may offer and sell its shares from time to time through the Sales Agents up to $50.0 million worth of its common stock, in amounts and at times to be determined by the Company. Sales of the Company’s common stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market,” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the NASDAQ or similar securities exchange or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange, at prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement. For the same period, the Company received total accumulated proceeds of approximately $10.4 million, including $0.2 million of offering expenses, from these sales.

The Company generally uses net proceeds from these offerings to make investments, to pay down liabilities and for general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2019, shares representing approximately $39.6 million of its common stock remain available for issuance and sale under the Equity Distribution Agreement. See “Note 12 – Subsequent Events”.

Stock Repurchase Program

On April 26, 2019, the Board extended a previously authorized stock repurchase program which allows the Company to repurchase up to $5.0 million of its common stock at prices below the Company’s net asset value per share as reported in its most recent consolidated financial statements. Under the repurchase program, the Company may, but is not obligated to, repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time. Any repurchases by the Company will comply with the requirements of Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. Unless extended by the Board, the repurchase program will terminate on the earlier of June 30, 2020 or the repurchase of $5.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not make any repurchases of its common stock. From the inception of the stock repurchase program through September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 167,465 shares of its common stock at an average price of $11.22 on the open market at a total cost of $1.9 million.

Transfers of financial assets

Assets related to transactions that do not meet the requirements under ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing for sale treatment under GAAP are reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of assets and liabilities as investments. Those assets are owned by special purpose entities that are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The creditors of the special purpose entities have received security interests in such assets and such assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of the Company (or any other affiliate of the Company).

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company — put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (a) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem the assets before maturity or (b) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a cleanup call.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In April 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which amends existing revenue recognition guidance to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. As required, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018, and such adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies disclosure requirements for the fair value measurement of Level 3 securities of public companies. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-13 for the year ended December 31, 2018. As a result, no significant changes were made to the Company’s disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Securities and Exchange Commission Disclosure Update and Simplification

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification (the “SEC Release”), amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. The SEC Release is effective for all filings on or after November 5, 2018. As required, the Company adopted the SEC Release for the year ended December 31, 2018. The SEC Release required changes to the presentation of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets. Prior to adoption, the Company presented distributable earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statement of Net Assets as three components: 1) distributions in excess of net investment income; 2) net unrealized depreciation on investments; and 3) net realized loss on investments. Upon adoption, the Company presents distributable earnings in total on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets. The changes in presentation have been retrospectively applied to the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following table provides a reconciliation of previously disclosed components of distributable earnings on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Assets as of September 30, 2018 to currently disclosed total distributable earnings on the Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of September 30, 2018:

	For the nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Accumulated Undistributed (Distributions in Excess of) Net Investment Income		Net Unrealized Depreciation on Investments		Net Realized Loss on Investments			Distributable Earnings
	(In thousands)
Net investment income, net of excise tax	$	9,902	$	—	$	—		$	9,902
Net unrealized appreciation on investments		—		127		—			127
Net realized loss on investments		—		—		(237	)		(237	)
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	9,902	$	127	$	(237	)	$	9,792

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 3. Related party transactions

Investment Management Agreement

At a special meeting of the stockholders on October 30, 2018, the stockholders approved a new Investment Management Agreement which became effective on March 7, 2019 upon a change of control of the Advisor. The new Investment Management Agreement replaced the previously effective Amended and Restated Investment Management Agreement dated as of October 28, 2010 and amended effective July 1, 2014. Under the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Advisor determines the composition of the Company’s investment portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to the investment portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes; identifies, evaluates and negotiates the structure of the investments the Company makes (including performing due diligence on the Company’s prospective portfolio companies); and closes, monitors and administers the investments the Company makes, including the exercise of any voting or consent rights.

The Advisor’s services under the Investment Management Agreement are not exclusive to the Company, and the Advisor is free to furnish similar services to other entities so long as its services to the Company are not impaired. The Advisor is a registered investment adviser with the SEC. The Advisor receives fees for providing services to the Company under the Investment Management Agreement, consisting of two components, a base management fee and an incentive fee.

Through October 30, 2018, the base management fee was calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of the Company’s gross assets (less cash and cash equivalents) including any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage. From and after October 31, 2018, the first date on which the reduced asset coverage requirements in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act applied to the Company, the base management fee was and will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of the Company’s gross assets (less cash and cash equivalents) including any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage; provided, that, to the extent the Company’s gross assets (less cash and cash equivalents) exceed $250 million, the base management fee on the amount of such excess over $250 million will be calculated at an annual rate of 1.60% of the Company’s gross assets (less cash and cash equivalents) including any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage. The base management fee is payable monthly in arrears and is prorated for any partial month.

The base management fee payable at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The base management fee expense was $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The base management fee expense was $4.1 million and $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The incentive fee has two parts, as follows:

The first part, which is subject to the Incentive Fee Cap and Deferral Mechanism, as defined below, is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on the Company’s pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter. For this purpose, “Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees (other than fees for providing managerial assistance), such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees received from portfolio companies) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the Administration Agreement (as defined below), and any interest expense and any dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with PIK interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income the Company has not yet received in cash. The incentive fee with respect to the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income is 20.00% of the amount, if any, by which the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds a hurdle rate of 1.75% (which is 7.00% annualized) of the Company’s net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, subject to a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, the Advisor receives no incentive fee until the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income equals the hurdle rate of 1.75%, but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100.00% of the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income with respect to that portion of such Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.1875% quarterly (which is 8.75% annualized). The effect of this “catch-up” provision is that, if Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds 2.1875% in any calendar quarter, the Advisor will receive 20.00% of the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if the hurdle rate did not apply.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that the Company may pay an incentive fee in a quarter in which the Company incurs a loss. For example, if the Company receives Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income in excess of the quarterly minimum hurdle rate, the Company will pay the applicable incentive fee up to the Incentive Fee Cap, defined below, even if the Company has incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses. The Company’s net investment income used to calculate this part of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of the Company’s gross assets used to calculate the 2.00% base management fee. These calculations are appropriately prorated for any period of less than three months and adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the current quarter.

Commencing with the calendar quarter beginning July 1, 2014, the incentive fee on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income is subject to a fee cap and deferral mechanism which is determined based upon a look-back period of up to three years and is expensed when incurred. For this purpose, the look-back period for the incentive fee based on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (the “Incentive Fee Look-back Period”) includes the relevant calendar quarter and the 11 preceding full calendar quarters. Each quarterly incentive fee payable on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income is subject to a cap (the “Incentive Fee Cap”) and a deferral mechanism through which the Advisor may recoup a portion of such deferred incentive fees (collectively, the “Incentive Fee Cap and Deferral Mechanism”). The Incentive Fee Cap is equal to (a) 20.00% of Cumulative Pre-Incentive Fee Net Return (as defined below) during the Incentive Fee Look-back Period less (b) cumulative incentive fees of any kind paid to the Advisor during the Incentive Fee Look-back Period. To the extent the Incentive Fee Cap is zero or a negative value in any calendar quarter, the Company will not pay an incentive fee on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income to the Advisor in that quarter. To the extent that the payment of incentive fees on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income is limited by the Incentive Fee Cap, the payment of such fees will be deferred and paid in subsequent calendar quarters up to three years after their date of deferment, subject to certain limitations, which are set forth in the Investment Management Agreement. The Company only pays incentive fees on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income to the extent allowed by the Incentive Fee Cap and Deferral Mechanism. “Cumulative Pre-Incentive Fee Net Return” during any Incentive Fee Look-back Period means the sum of (a) Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income and the base management fee for each calendar quarter during the Incentive Fee Look-back Period and (b) the sum of cumulative realized capital gains and losses, cumulative unrealized capital appreciation and cumulative unrealized capital depreciation during the applicable Incentive Fee Look-back Period.

The second part of the incentive fee is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or, upon termination of the Investment Management Agreement, as of the termination date), and equals 20.00% of the Company’s realized capital gains, if any, on a cumulative basis from the date of the election to be a BDC through the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis through the end of such year, less all previous amounts paid in respect of the capital gain incentive fee. However, in accordance with GAAP, the Company is required to include the aggregate unrealized capital appreciation on investments in the calculation and accrue a capital gain incentive fee on a quarterly basis, as if such unrealized capital appreciation were realized, even though such unrealized capital appreciation is not permitted to be considered in calculating the fee actually payable under the Investment Management Agreement.

On March 5, 2019, the Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on December 31, 2019. Such waived incentive fees will not be subject to recoupment. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Advisor did not waive any performance based incentive fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Advisor waived performance based incentive fees of $1.8 million which the Advisor would have otherwise been paid by the Company.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On March 6, 2018, the Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2018. Such waived incentive fees are not subject to recoupment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Advisor waived performance based incentive fees of $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, which the Advisor would have otherwise earned.

The net performance based incentive fee expense was $1.4 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net performance based incentive fee expense was $3.5 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The incentive fee on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income was subject to the Incentive Fee Cap and Deferral Mechanism for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which resulted in $0.2 million of reduced expense and additional net investment income. The performance based incentive fee payable as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $1.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The entire incentive fee payable as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 represented part one of the incentive fee.

Administration Agreement

The Company entered into an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) with the Advisor to provide administrative services to the Company. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, the Company reimburses the Advisor for the Company’s allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Advisor in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing compliance functions and the Company’s allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and their respective staffs. The administrative fee expense was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The administrative fee expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 4. Investments

The following table shows the Company’s investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
			(In thousands)
Investments
Debt	$	255,480	$	253,185	$	217,093	$	216,401
Warrants		7,570		9,830		7,032		9,324
Other		2,290		888		11,815		7,640
Equity		1,679		3,293		1,719		1,833
Equity interest in HSLFI		14,358		14,323		13,262		13,243
Total investments	$	281,377	$	281,519	$	250,921	$	248,441

The following table shows the Company’s investments by industry sector as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
			(In thousands)
Life Science
Biotechnology	$	43,929	$	43,441	$	25,770	$	25,426
Drug Delivery		1,621		1,526		1,590		1,584
Medical Device		68,753		69,336		47,504		47,869
Technology
Communications		14,718		12,352		11,219		10,754
Consumer-Related		23,608		24,385		21,094		22,061
Data Storage		19,948		19,968		14,132		10,036
Internet and Media		15,111		14,207		38,200		38,132
Materials		8,707		8,998		8,679		9,013
Power Management		—		—		545		512
Semiconductors		181		170		3,807		4,636
Software		54,714		55,258		40,942		40,912
Sustainability
Alternative Energy		—		—		68		—
Energy Efficiency		100		109		100		112
Healthcare Information and Services
Diagnostics		71		—		71		2
Other		174		1,736		218		172
Software		15,384		15,710		23,720		23,977
Investment funds
HSLFI		14,358		14,323		13,262		13,243
Total investments	$	281,377	$	281,519	$	250,921	$	248,441

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Horizon Secured Loan Fund I LLC

On June 1, 2018, the Company and Arena formed a joint venture, HSLFI, to make investments, either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, primarily in secured loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. HSLFI was formed as a Delaware limited liability company and is not consolidated by either the Company or Arena for financial reporting purposes. Investments held by HSLFI are measured at fair value using the same valuation methodology as described in Note 6. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, HSLFI had total assets of $47.1 million and $26.4 million, respectively. HSLFI’s portfolio consisted of debt investments in seven and four portfolio companies as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, the largest investment in a single portfolio company in the HSLFI’s portfolio in aggregate principal amount was $11.3 million, and the five largest investments in portfolio companies in the HSLFI totaled $35.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, the largest investment in a single portfolio company in the HSLFI’s portfolio in aggregate principal amount was $8.3 million, and the four largest investments in portfolio companies in the HSLFI totaled $25.0 million. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, HSLFI had no investments on non-accrual status. HSLFI invests in portfolio companies in the same industries in which the Company may directly invest.

The Company invests cash or securities in portfolio companies in HSLFI in exchange for limited liability company equity interests in HSLFI. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company and Arena each owned 50.0% of the equity interests of HSLFI. The Company had an original commitment to fund $25.0 million of equity interests in HSLFI. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $11.1 and $11.7 million, respectively, was unfunded. The Company’s investment in HSLFI consisted of an equity contribution of $13.9 and $13.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, HSLFI distributed $0.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. For the period September 1, 2018 (the commencement of HSLFI’s operations) through September 30, 2018, there were no distributions from HSLFI.

The Company and Arena each appointed two members to HSLFI’s four-person board of managers. All material decisions with respect to HSLFI, including those involving its investment portfolio, require unanimous approval of a quorum of the board of managers. Quorum is defined as (i) the presence of two members of the board of managers; provided that at least one individual is present that was elected, designated or appointed by each member; (ii) the presence of three members of the board of managers, provided that the individual that was elected, designated or appointed by the member with only one individual present will be entitled to cast two votes on each matter; or (iii) the presence of all four members of the board of managers.

Horizon Funding I, LLC (“HFI”) was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on May 9, 2018, with HSLFI as its sole member. HFI is a special purpose bankruptcy-remote entity and is a separate legal entity from HSLFI. Any assets conveyed to HFI are not available to creditors of HSLFI or any other entity other than HFI’s lenders.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In addition, on June 1, 2018, HSLFI entered into a sale and servicing agreement with HFI, as Issuer, and the Company, as Servicer, pursuant to which HSLFI will sell or contribute to HFI certain secured loans made to certain portfolio companies. HFI entered into a Note Funding Agreement (the “NYL Facility”) with several entities owned or affiliated with New York Life Insurance Company (“Noteholders”) for an aggregate purchase price of up to $100.0 million, with an accordion feature of up to $200.0 million at the mutual discretion and agreement of HSLFI and the Noteholders. The Note Funding Agreement has an investment period that ends on June 1, 2020, if not extended, followed by a five year amortization period and a scheduled final payment date of June 10, 2025, subject to any extension of the investment period. Any notes issued by HFI will be collateralized by all investments held by HFI and permit an advance rate of up to 67% of the aggregate principal amount of eligible debt investments. The interest rate on the notes issued under the NYL Facility is based on the three year USD mid-market swap rate plus a margin of between 2.75% and 3.25% depending on the rating of such notes at the time of issuance. There were $18.4 million in advances made by the Noteholders as of September 30, 2019 at an interest rate of 4.98%. There were no advances made by the Noteholders as of December 31, 2018.

The following table shows HSLFI’s investments as of September 30, 2019:

				Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company ⁽¹⁾	Sector		Type of Investment ^(2)(3)(4)	Amount		Investments⁽⁵⁾		Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Debt Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,461	$	2,461
			Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500	$	2,461	$	2,461
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (6)(7)		Biotechnology	Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.00%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,923		4,923
Mustang Bio, Inc. (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.00% cash (Libor + 6.50%; Floor 9.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		5,000		4,917		4,917
Total Debt Investments — Life science							14,762		14,762
Debt Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)		Communications	Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 3.30% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,942		3,942
			Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 3.30% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,942		3,942
			Term Loan (12.45% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 12.45%), 2.50% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		1,227		1,207		1,207
New Signature US, Inc. (6)(7)(9)		Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		8,250		8,154		8,154
			Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 2/1/23)		3,000		2,958		2,958
Revinate, Inc. (6)(7)		Software	Term Loan (9.50% cash (Libor + 7.00%; Floor 9.50%), 3.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		4,000		3,948		3,948
Total Debt Investments — Technology							24,151		24,151
Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)		Software	Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		3,750		3,707		3,707
Total Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services							3,707		3,707
Total Debt Investments							42,620		42,620

Warrant Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	95,057 Common Stock Warrants				58		2
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (6)(7)		Biotechnology	503,626 Preferred Stock Warrants				38		37
Mustang Bio, Inc. (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	72,046 Common Stock Warrants				45		38
Total Warrant Investments — Life science							141		77
Warrant Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)		Communications	1,886,934 Preferred Stock Warrants				82		96
Revinate Inc. (6)(7)		Software	216,362 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		16
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (6)(7)(9)		Software	562,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				78		58
Total Warrant Investments — Technology							176		170
Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)		Software	47,418 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		15
Total Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services							16		15
Total Warrant Investments							333		262

Total Portfolio Investment Assets						$	42,953	$	42,882

Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)						$	1,784	$	1,784
Total Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments						$	1,784	$	1,784

Short Term Investments — Restricted Money Market Funds
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)						$	127	$	127
Total Short Term Investments — Restricted Money Market Funds						$	127	$	127

(1)	All investments of HSLFI are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)	All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to HSLFI’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include ETPs and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on LIBOR are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of September 30, 2019 is provided.
(3)	ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid.
(4)	Warrants are non-income producing.
(5)	For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(6)	Has been pledged as collateral under the NYL Facility.
(7)	The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(8)	Portfolio company is a public company.
(9)	New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table shows HSLFI’s investments as of December 31, 2018:

				Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company ⁽¹⁾	Sector		Type of Investment ^(2)(3)(4)	Amount		Investments⁽⁵⁾		Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Debt Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,449	$	2,449
			Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500		2,449		2,449
Total Debt Investments — Life science							4,898		4,898
Debt Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)		Communications	Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,948		3,948
			Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,948		3,948
New Signature US, Inc. (6)(7)(9)		Software	Term Loan (10.85% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		8,250		8,098		8,098
Total Debt Investments — Technology							15,994		15,994
Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)		Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		3,750		3,699		3,699
Total Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services							3,699		3,699
Total Debt Investments							24,591		24,591

Warrant Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)		Biotechnology	95,057 Common Stock Warrants				58		1
Total Warrant Investments — Life science							58		1
Warrant Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)		Communications	1,280,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				49		70
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (6)(7)(9)		Software	412,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				57		56
Total Warrant Investments — Technology							106		126
Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)		Software	47,418 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		16
Total Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services							16		16
Total Warrant Investments							180		143

Total Portfolio Investment Assets						$	24,771	$	24,734

Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)						$	74	$	74
Total Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments						$	74	$	74

(1)	All investments of HSLFI are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)	All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to HSLFI’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include ETPs and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on LIBOR are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2018 is provided.
(3)	ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid.
(4)	Warrants are non-income producing.
(5)	For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(6)	Has been pledged as collateral under the NYL Facility.
(7)	The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(8)	Portfolio company is a public company.
(9)	New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables show certain summarized financial information for HSLFI as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and for the period September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Statement of Assets and Liabilities Information
Total investments at fair value (cost of $42,953 and $24,771, respectively)	$	42,882	$	24,734
Investments in money market funds		1,784		74
Restricted investments in money market funds		127		—
Cash and cash equivalents		422		76
Interest receivable		660		252
Other assets		1,195		1,306
Total assets	$	47,070	$	26,442

Borrowings	$	18,375	$	—
Other liabilities		174		81
Total liabilities		18,549		81

Members’ equity		28,521		26,361
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	47,070	$	26,442

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	For the three months ended,			For the nine months ended,			For the period June 1, 2018 through
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Statements of Operations Information
Interest income on investments	$	1,317		$	3,314		$	255
Total expenses	$	394		$	868		$	90
Net investment income	$	923		$	2,446		$	165
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments	$	(28	)	$	(34	)	$	1
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	895		$	2,412		$	166

Note 5. Transactions with affiliated companies

A non-controlled affiliated company is generally a portfolio company in which the Company owns 5% or more of such portfolio company’s voting securities but not more than 25% of such portfolio company’s voting securities. Transactions related to investments in non-controlled affiliated companies for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:

					Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Portfolio Company	Fair value at December 31, 2018		Purchases		Principal Payments		Transfers in/(out) at fair value		Discount accretion		Net unrealized gain/(loss)		Fair value at September 30, 2019		Net realized gain/(loss)		Interest income
	(In thousands)
Decisyon, Inc.	$	1,464	$	—	$	285	$	—	$	—	$	58	$	1,237	$	—	$	164
		764		—		156		—		14		31		653		—		87
		240		—		8		—		—		10		242		—		23
		240		—		8		—		—		10		242		—		23
		721		—		23		—		—		29		727		—		70
		289		—		8		—		—		11		292		—		29
		192		—		6		—		—		8		194		—		21
		75		—		—		—		—		—		75		—		—
StereoVision, Inc.		2,798		—		166		—		—		—		2,632		—		228
		791		—		—		—		—		1,862		2,653		—		—
Total Non-controlled Affiliates	$	7,574	$	—	$	660	$	—	$	14	$	2,019	$	8,947	$	—	$	645

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Transactions related to investments in non-controlled affiliated companies for the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows:

					Year ended December 31, 2018
Portfolio Company	Fair value at December 31, 2017		Purchases		Principal Payments		Transfers in/(out) at fair value		Discount accretion		Net unrealized gain/(loss)			Fair value at December 31, 2018		Net realized gain/(loss)		Interest income
	(In thousands)
Decisyon, Inc.	$	1,449	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	15		$	1,464	$	—	$	265
		735		—		—		—		23		6			764		—		140
		238		—		—		—		—		2			240		—		35
		238		—		—		—		—		2			240		—		34
		714		—		—		—		—		7			721		—		104
		—		300		—		—		—		(11	)		289		—		20
		—		200		—		—		—		(8	)		192		—		8
		125		—		—		—		—		(50	)		75		—		—
StereoVision, Inc.		—		2,798		—		—		—		—			2,798		—		119
		—		791		—		—		—		—			791		—		—
Total non-controlled affiliates	$	3,499	$	4,089	$	—	$	—	$	23	$	(37	)	$	7,574	$	—	$	725

A controlled affiliated company is generally a portfolio company in which the Company owns more than 25% of such portfolio company’s voting securities or has the power to exercise control over management or policies of such portfolio company (including through a management agreement). Transactions related to investments in controlled affiliated companies for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:


					Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Portfolio Company	Fair value at December 31, 2018		Purchases		Distributions			Transfers in/(out) at fair value		Dividends declared		Net unrealized gain/(loss)			Fair value at September 30, 2019		Net realized gain/(loss)		Dividend income
	(In thousands)
HSLFI⁽¹⁾	$	13,243	$	589	$	(715	)	$	—	$	1,223	$	(17	)	$	14,323	$	—	$	1,223
Total controlled affiliates	$	13,243	$	589	$	(715	)	$	—	$	1,223	$	(17	)	$	14,323	$	—	$	1,223

(1)

The Company and Arena are the members of HSLFI, a joint venture formed as a Delaware limited liability company that is not consolidated by either member for financial reporting purposes. The members provide cash or securities in portfolio companies to HSLFI in exchange for limited liability company equity interests. All HSLFI investment decisions require unanimous approval of a quorum of HSLFI’s board of managers, which consists of two representatives of the Company and Arena. Because management of HSLFI is shared equally between the Company and Arena, the Company does not have sole control over significant actions of HSLFI for purposes of the 1940 Act or otherwise.

Transactions related to investments in controlled affiliated companies for the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows:


					Year ended December 31, 2018
Portfolio Company	Fair value at December 31, 2017		Purchases		Distributions			Transfers in/(out) at fair value		Dividends declared		Net unrealized gain/(loss)			Fair value at December 31, 2018		Net realized gain/(loss)		Dividend income
	(In thousands)
HSLFI⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	13,262	$	(255	)	$	—	$	255	$	(19	)	$	13,243	$	—	$	255
Total controlled affiliates	$	—	$	13,262	$	(255	)	$	—	$	255	$	(19	)	$	13,243	$	—	$	255

(1)

The Company and Arena are the members of HSLFI, a joint venture formed as a Delaware limited liability company that is not consolidated by either member for financial reporting purposes. The members provide cash or securities in portfolio companies to HSLFI in exchange for limited liability company equity interests. All HSLFI investment decisions require unanimous approval of a quorum of HSLFI’s board of managers, which consists of two representatives of the Company and Arena. Because management of HSLFI is shared equally between the Company and Arena, the Company does have sole control over significant actions of HSLFI for purposes of the 1940 Act or otherwise.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6. Fair value

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in certain instances, there are no quoted market prices for certain assets or liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability.

Fair value measurements focus on exit prices in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment.

The Company’s fair value measurements are classified into a fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The three categories within the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2

Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3

Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Investments are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board, based on input of management, the audit committee and independent valuation firms which are engaged at the direction of the Board to assist in the valuation of each portfolio investment lacking a readily available market quotation at least once during a trailing twelve-month period under a valuation policy and a consistently applied valuation process. This valuation process is conducted at the end of each fiscal quarter, with at least 25% (based on fair value) of the Company’s valuation of portfolio companies lacking readily available market quotations subject to review by an independent valuation firm.

Because there is not a readily available market value for most of the investments in its portfolio, the Company values substantially all of its portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board, as described herein. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Company's investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of the Company's investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that the Company may ultimately realize. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded securities. If the Company was required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, the Company could realize significantly less than the value at which the Company has recorded such portfolio investment.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash and interest receivable: The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. These financial instruments are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy described above.

Debt investments: The fair value of debt investments is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the period end rates at which similar debt investments would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the hypothetical market yields used ranged from 10% to 25%. Significant increases (decreases) in this unobservable input would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. These assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described above.

Under certain circumstances, the Company may use an alternative technique to value debt investments that better reflects its fair value such as the use of multiple probability weighted cash flow models when the expected future cash flows contain elements of variability.

Warrant investments: The Company values its warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model incorporating the following material assumptions:

•

Underlying asset value of the issuer is estimated based on information available, including any information regarding the most recent rounds of borrower funding. Significant increases (decreases) in this unobservable input would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

•

Volatility, or the amount of uncertainty or risk about the size of the changes in the warrant price, is based on indices of publicly traded companies similar in nature to the underlying company issuing the warrant. A total of seven such indices are used. Significant increases (decreases) in this unobservable input would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

•

The risk-free interest rates are derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve. The risk-free interest rates are calculated based on a weighted average of the risk-free interest rates that correspond closest to the expected remaining life of the warrant.

•

Other adjustments, including a marketability discount on private company warrants, are estimated based on management’s judgment about the general industry environment.

•

Historical portfolio experience on cancellations and exercises of the Company’s warrants are utilized as the basis for determining the estimated time to exit of the warrants in each financial reporting period. Warrants may be exercised in the event of acquisitions, mergers or initial public offerings, and cancelled due to events such as bankruptcies, restructuring activities or additional financings. These events cause the expected remaining life assumption to be shorter than the contractual term of the warrants. Significant increases (decreases) in this unobservable input would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

Under certain circumstances the Company may use an alternative technique to value warrants that better reflects the warrants’ fair value, such as an expected settlement of a warrant in the near term or a model that incorporates a put feature associated with the warrant. The fair value may be determined based on the expected proceeds to be received from such settlement or based on the net present value of the expected proceeds from the put option.

The fair value of the Company’s warrants held in publicly traded companies is determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in public markets. Therefore, the Company has categorized these warrants as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy described above. The fair value of the Company’s warrants held in private companies is determined using both observable and unobservable inputs and represents management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the warrants at the measurement date. Therefore, the Company has categorized these warrants as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described above. These assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Equity investments: The fair value of an equity investment in a privately held company is initially the face value of the amount invested. The Company adjusts the fair value of equity investments in private companies upon the completion of a new third-party round of equity financing. The Company may make adjustments to fair value, absent a new equity financing event, based upon positive or negative changes in a portfolio company’s financial or operational performance. Significant increases (decreases) in this unobservable input would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. The Company has categorized these equity investments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described above. The fair value of an equity investment in a publicly traded company is based upon the closing public share price on the date of measurement. Therefore, the Company has categorized these equity investments as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy described above. These assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Other investments: Other investments are valued based on the facts and circumstances of the underlying contractual agreement. The Company currently values these contractual agreements using a multiple probability weighted cash flow model as the contractual future cash flows contain elements of variability. Significant changes in the estimated cash flows and probability weightings would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The Company has categorized these other investments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described above. These other investments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

The following tables provide a summary of quantitative information about the Company’s Level 3 fair value measurements of its investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition to the techniques and inputs noted in the table below, according to the Company’s valuation policy, the Company may also use other valuation techniques and methodologies when determining its fair value measurements.

The following table is not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather provides information on the significant Level 3 inputs as they relate to the Company’s fair value measurements as of September 30, 2019:

September 30, 2019

Fair

Valuation Techniques/

Unobservable

Weighted

Investment Type

Value

Methodologies

Input

Range

Average⁽¹⁾

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Debt investments

241,819

Discounted Expected Future Cash Flows

Hypothetical Market Yield

10% – 25%

12%

9,866

Multiple Probability Weighted Cash Flow Model

Probability Weighting

10% - 45%

45%

1,500

Liquidation Scenario

Probability Weighting

100%

Warrant investments

7,456

Black-Scholes Valuation Model

Price Per Share
Average Industry Volatility

$0.00 – $980.00

20%

$46.09

20%

Marketability Discount

20%

Estimated Time to Exit

1 to 5 years

2 years

1,678

Sale proceeds

Price Per Share

–

Other investments

888

Multiple Probability Weighted Cash Flow Model

Discount Rate
Probability Weighting

25%

0% – 50%

25%

40%

Equity investments

3,217

Last Equity Financing

Price Per Share

$0.00 – $13.04

1.38

Total Level 3 investments

266,424

(1)

Weighted average is calculated by multiplying (a) the unobservable input for each investment in the investment type by (b) (1) the fair value of the related investment in the investment type divided by (2) the total fair value of the investment type.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2018

Fair

Valuation Techniques/

Unobservable

Weighted

Investment Type

Value

Methodologies

Input

Range

Average⁽¹⁾

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Debt investments

216,401

Discounted Expected Future Cash Flows

Hypothetical Market Yield

11% – 25%

13%

Warrant investments

7,888

Black-Scholes Valuation Model

Price Per Share
Average Industry Volatility

$0.00 – $980.00

20%

$44.76

20%

Marketability Discount

20%

Estimated Time to Exit

1 to 5 years

2 years

744

Estimated Proceeds

Price Per Share

$0.21

Other investments

7,640

Multiple Probability Weighted Cash Flow Model

Discount Rate
Probability Weighting

0% – 25%

10% – 100%

19%

36%

Equity investments

1,289

Last Equity Financing

Price Per Share

$0.00 – $2.24

$0.80

Total Level 3 investments

233,962

(1)

Borrowings: The carrying amount of borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility (the “Key Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“Key”) approximates fair value due to the variable interest rate of the Key Facility and is categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy described above. Additionally, the Company considers its creditworthiness in determining the fair value of such borrowings. The fair value of the fixed-rate 2022 Notes (as defined in Note 7) is based on the closing public share price on the date of measurement. On September 30, 2019, the closing price of the 2022 Notes on the New York Stock Exchange was $25.54 per note, or $38.2 million. Therefore, the Company has categorized this borrowing as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy described above.

Off-balance-sheet instruments: Fair values for off-balance-sheet lending commitments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standings. Therefore, the Company has categorized these instruments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described above.

The following tables detail the assets that are carried at fair value and measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine the fair value:

	September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Debt investments	$	—	$	—	$	253,185	$	253,185
Warrant investments		—		696		9,134		9,830
Other investments		—		—		888		888
Equity investments		76		—		3,217		3,293
Equity interest in HSLFI⁽¹⁾		—		—		—		14,323
Total investments	$	76	$	696	$	266,424	$	281,519

(1)

The fair value of Company’s equity interest in HSLFI is determined using the net asset value of the Company’s ownership interest in member’s capital.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
Debt investments	$	—	$	—	$	216,401	$	216,401
Warrant investments		—		692		8,632		9,324
Other investments		—		—		7,640		7,640
Equity investments		544		—		1,289		1,833
Equity interest in HSLFI⁽¹⁾		—		—		—		13,243
Total investments	$	544	$	692	$	233,962	$	248,441

(1)

The fair value of Company’s equity interest in HSLFI is determined using the net asset value of the Company’s ownership interest in member’s capital.

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2019:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Debt Investments			Warrant Investments			Equity Investments			Other Investments			Total
	(In thousands)
Level 3 assets, beginning of period	$	242,287		$	8,500		$	3,110		$	6,200		$	260,097
Purchase of investments		42,147			—			—			—			42,147
Warrants and equity received and classified as Level 3		—			300			240			—			540
Principal payments received on investments		(35,913	)		—			—			—			(35,913	)
Proceeds from sale of investments		—			(506	)		—			—			(506	)
Net realized gain (loss) on investments		—			358			—			(800	)		(442	)
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation included in earnings		(56	)		498			(133	)		(12	)		297
Transfer out of Level 3		—			—			—			—			—
Transfer of investment		4,500			—			—			(4,500	)		—
Other		220			(16	)		—			—			204
Level 3 assets, end of period	$	253,185		$	9,134		$	3,217		$	888		$	266,424

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no transfer in or out of Level 3.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Debt Investments			Warrant Investments			Equity Investments		Other Investments			Total
	(In thousands)
Level 3 assets, beginning of period	$	203,459		$	7,729		$	1,215	$	7,700		$	220,103
Purchase of investments		24,200			—			—		—			24,200
Warrants and equity received and classified as Level 3		—			618			74		—			692
Principal payments received on investments		(12,168	)		—			—		(33	)		(12,201	)
Proceeds from sale of investments		(3	)		(291	)		—		—			(294	)
Net realized (loss) gain on investments		(17	)		82			—		—			65
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation included in earnings		(20	)		1,242			—		(7	)		1,215
Other		(307	)		—			—		—			(307	)
Level 3 assets, end of period	$	215,144		$	9,380		$	1,289	$	7,660		$	233,473

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, there were no transfers in or out of Level 3.

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Debt Investments			Warrant Investments			Equity Investments			Other Investments			Total
	(In thousands)
Level 3 assets, beginning of period	$	216,401		$	8,632		$	1,289		$	7,640		$	233,962
Purchase of investments		135,284			—			—			—			135,284
Warrants and equity received and classified as Level 3		—			1,288			240			—			1,528
Principal payments received on investments		(101,035	)		—			—			(82	)		(101,117	)
Proceeds from sale of investments		—			(1,381	)		(45	)		—			(1,426	)
Net realized gain (loss) on investments		—			634			4			(4,944	)		(4,306	)
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation included in earnings		(1,602	)		167			1,729			2,774			3,068
Transfer out of Level 3		—			(190	)		—			—			(190	)
Transfer of investment		4,500			—			—			(4,500	)		—
Other		(363	)		(16	)		—			—			(379	)
Level 3 assets, end of period	$	253,185		$	9,134		$	3,217		$	888		$	266,424

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there was one transfer out of Level 3. The transfer out of Level 3 related to warrants held in one portfolio company with an aggregate fair value of $0.2 million that was transferred to Level 2 upon the portfolio company becoming a public company. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no transfers to Level 3.

The change in unrealized appreciation included in the consolidated statement of operations attributable to Level 3 investments still held at September 30, 2019 includes $3.8 million in unrealized depreciation on debt and other investments, $0.7 million in unrealized appreciation on warrant investments and $1.9 million in unrealized appreciation on equity investments.

The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Debt Investments			Warrant Investments			Equity Investments			Other Investments			Total
	(In thousands)
Level 3 assets, beginning of period	$	203,793		$	7,373		$	249		$	7,700		$	219,115
Purchase of investments		62,246			—			—			—			62,246
Warrants and equity received and classified as Level 3		—			1,030			1,090			—			2,120
Principal payments received on investments		(46,334	)		—			—			(169	)		(46,503	)
Proceeds from sale of investments		(3,064	)		(296	)		—			—			(3,360	)
Net realized loss on investments		(32	)		(205	)		—			—			(237	)
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation included in earnings		(180	)		1,478			(50	)		129			1,377
Other		(1,285	)		—			—			—			(1,285	)
Level 3 assets, end of period	$	215,144		$	9,380		$	1,289		$	7,660		$	233,473

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no transfers in or out of Level 3.

The change in unrealized appreciation included in the consolidated statement of operations attributable to Level 3 investments still held at September 30, 2018 includes $0.2 million in unrealized depreciation on debt and other investments, $1.3 million in unrealized appreciation on warrant investments and $0.05 million in unrealized depreciation on equity investments.

The Company discloses fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated statement of assets and liabilities, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Certain financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The fair value amounts have been measured as of the reporting date and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to that date. As such, the fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than amounts reported.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, all of the balances of all the Company’s financial instruments were recorded at fair value, except for the Company’s 2022 Notes, as previously described.

Market risk

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change, and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new debt investments and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 7. Borrowings

The following table shows the Company’s borrowings as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Total Commitment		Balance Outstanding			Unused Commitment		Total Commitment		Balance Outstanding			Unused Commitment
						(In thousands)
Key Facility	$	125,000	$	15,000		$	110,000	$	125,000	$	90,500		$	34,500
Asset-Backed Notes		100,000		100,000			—		—		—			—
2022 Notes		37,375		37,375			—		37,375		37,375			—
Total before debt issuance costs		262,375		152,375			110,000		162,375		127,875			34,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs attributable to term borrowings		—		(2,455	)		—		—		(1,022	)		—
Total borrowings outstanding, net	$	262,375	$	149,920		$	110,000	$	162,375	$	126,853		$	34,500

On March 23, 2018, President Trump signed into law the Small Business Credit Availability Act as part of an omnibus spending bill, which, among other things, amends the 1940 Act to reduce the minimum required asset coverage applicable to BDCs under the 1940 Act from 200% to 150% if certain approval and disclosure requirements are met. Before such reduced asset coverage requirement can apply to the Company, such reduced asset coverage requirement must be approved by either (a) a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Board, in which case such reduced asset coverage requirement would take effect on the first anniversary of the date of such Board approval, or (b) a majority of votes cast by the stockholders of the Company at a special or annual meeting at which a quorum is present, in which case such reduced asset coverage requirement shall take effect on the day after such approval. On June 7, 2018, a “required majority” of the Board approved the reduced asset coverage requirements and separately recommended that the Company’s stockholders approve the reduced asset coverage requirements at a special meeting of the Company’s stockholders. The Company held a special meeting on October 30, 2018 during which the reduced asset coverage requirements were approved by stockholders. The reduced asset coverage requirements took effect October 31, 2018.

As of September 30, 2019, with certain limited exceptions, as a BDC, the Company is only allowed to borrow amounts such that the Company’s asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least 150% after such borrowings. As of September 30, 2019, the asset coverage for borrowed amounts was 210%.

The Company entered into the Key Facility with Key effective November 4, 2013. On December 28, 2018, the Company amended the Key Facility, increasing the aggregate commitments under the Key Facility by $25 million to $125 million. The Key Facility has an accordion feature which allows for an increase in the total loan commitment to $150 million from the $125 million commitment. The Key Facility is collateralized by all debt investments and warrants held by Credit II and permits an advance rate of up to 50% of eligible debt investments held by Credit II. The Key Facility contains covenants that, among other things, require the Company to maintain a minimum net worth and to restrict the debt investments securing the Key Facility to certain criteria for qualified debt investments and includes portfolio company concentration limits as defined in the related loan agreement. The Key Facility has a revolving period that extends to April 6, 2021, followed by a two-year amortization period and is scheduled to mature on April 6, 2023. The interest rate is based upon the one-month LIBOR, plus a spread of 3.25%, with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%. The LIBOR rate was 2.03% and 2.50% on September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The average interest rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.49% and 5.34%, respectively. The average interest rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 5.65% and 5.12%, respectively. The Key Facility requires the payment of an unused line fee in an amount up to 0.50% of any unborrowed amount available under the facility annually. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had borrowing capacity under the Key Facility of $110.0 million and $34.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $14.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, was available, subject to existing terms and advance rates.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On September 29, 2017, the Company issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million of 6.25% notes due in 2022 and on October 11, 2017, pursuant to the underwriters’ 30 day option to purchase additional notes, the Company sold an additional $4.9 million of such notes (collectively, the “2022 Notes”). The 2022 Notes have a stated maturity of September 15, 2022 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at the Company’s option at any time or from time to time on or after September 15, 2019 at a redemption price of $25 per security plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 2022 Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per year, payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year. The 2022 Notes are the Company’s direct unsecured obligations and (i) rank equally in right of payment with the Company’s current and future unsecured indebtedness; (ii) are senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2022 Notes; (iii) are effectively subordinated to all of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which the Company subsequently grants security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and (iv) are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in material compliance with the terms of the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HTFA”.

On August 13, 2019, the Company completed a term debt securitization in connection with which an affiliate of the Company made an offering of $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed rate asset-backed notes (the “Asset-Backed Notes”). The Asset-Backed Notes were rated A+(sf) by Morningstar Credit Ratings, LLC.

The Asset-Backed Notes were issued by the 2019-1 Trust pursuant to a note purchase agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and among the Company and Keybanc Capital Markets Inc. as Initial Purchaser, and are backed by a pool of loans made to certain portfolio companies of the Company and secured by certain assets of those portfolio companies and are to be serviced by the Company. Interest on the Asset-Backed Notes will be paid, to the extent of funds available, at a fixed rate of 4.21% per annum. The Asset-Backed Notes have a two-year reinvestment period and a stated maturity of September 15, 2027.

At September 30, 2019, the Asset-Backed Notes had an outstanding principal balance of $100.0 million. There was no outstanding principal balance for the Asset-Backed Notes at December 31, 2018.

Under the terms of the Asset-Backed Notes, the Company is required to maintain a reserve cash balance, funded through proceeds from the sale of the Asset-Backed Notes, which may be used to pay monthly interest and principal payments on the Asset-Backed Notes. The Company has segregated these funds and classified them as restricted investments in money market funds. At September 30, 2019, there was approximately $1.2 million of restricted investments. There were no funds segregated as restricted investments related to the Asset-Backed Notes at December 31, 2018.

Note 8. Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its borrowers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statement of assets and liabilities. The Company attempts to limit its credit risk by conducting extensive due diligence and obtaining collateral where appropriate.

The balance of unfunded commitments to extend credit was $37.8 million and $27.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Commitments to extend credit consist principally of the unused portions of commitments that obligate the Company to extend credit, such as revolving credit arrangements or similar transactions. These commitments are often subject to financial or non-financial milestones and other conditions to borrow that must be achieved before the commitment can be drawn. In addition, the commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. This includes the undrawn revolver commitments discussed in Note 4.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table provides the Company’s unfunded commitments by portfolio company as of September 30, 2019:

	September 30, 2019
	Principal Balance		Fair Value of Unfunded Commitment Liability
	(In thousands)
Betabrand Corporation	$	4,500	$	66
CSA Medical, Inc.		3,000		43
Encore Dermatology, Inc.		5,000		88
Espero Biopharma, Inc.		500		—
LogicBio, Inc.		5,000		—
Maculogix, Inc.		3,750		38
Mustang Bio, Inc.		5,000		97
Revinate, Inc.		10,000		120
StereoVision Imaging, Inc.		1,000		—
Total	$	37,750	$	452

The table above also provides the fair value of the Company’s unfunded commitment liability as of September 30, 2019, which totaled $0.5 million. The fair value at inception of the delay draw credit agreements is equal to the fees and/or warrants received to enter into these agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit profile. The unfunded commitment liability reflects the fair value of these future funding commitments and is included in the Company’s consolidated statement of assets and liabilities.

Note 9. Concentrations of credit risk

The Company’s debt investments consist primarily of loans to development-stage companies at various stages of development in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. Many of these companies may have relatively limited operating histories and also may experience variation in operating results. Many of these companies conduct business in regulated industries and could be affected by changes in government regulations. Most of the Company’s borrowers will need additional capital to satisfy their continuing working capital needs and other requirements, and in many instances, to service the interest and principal payments on the loans.

The Company’s largest debt investments may vary from period to period as new debt investments are recorded and existing debt investments are repaid. The Company’s five largest debt investments, at cost, represented 31% and 32% of total debt investments outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. No single debt investment represented more than 10% of the total debt investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Investment income, consisting of interest and fees, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large debt investments. Interest income from the five largest debt investments accounted for 24% and 31% of total interest and fee income on investments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest income from the five largest debt investments accounted for 24% and 31% of total interest and fee income on investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 10. Distributions

The Company’s distributions are recorded on the declaration date. The following table summarizes the Company’s distribution activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

Date Declared	Record Date	Payment Date	Amount Per Share		Cash Distribution		DRIP Shares Issued		DRIP Share Value
			(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
7/26/19	11/19/19	12/16/19	$	0.10	$	—		—	$	—
7/26/19	10/18/19	11/15/19		0.10		—		—		—
7/26/19	9/19/19	10/16/19		0.10		1,412		1,258		15
4/26/19	8/19/19	9/17/19		0.10		1,366		1,274		15
4/26/19	7/18/19	8/15/19		0.10		1,339		1,261		15
4/26/19	6/19/19	7/16/19		0.10		1,338		1,339		16
3/1/19	5/17/19	6/17/19		0.10		1,339		1,308		15
3/1/19	4/18/19	5/15/19		0.10		1,332		1,885		22
3/1/19	3/19/19	4/16/19		0.10		1,139		1,199		15
			$	0.90	$	9,265		9,524	$	113
Year Ended December 31, 2018
10/26/18	2/20/19	3/15/19	$	0.10	$	1,140		1,061	$	14
10/26/18	1/17/19	2/15/19		0.10		1,139		1,166		15
10/26/18	12/18/18	1/15/19		0.10		1,140		1,125		13
7/27/18	11/19/18	12/14/18		0.10		1,139		1,222		14
7/27/18	10/18/18	11/15/18		0.10		1,138		1,255		15
7/27/18	9/18/18	10/16/18		0.10		1,138		1,253		15
4/27/18	8/17/18	9/14/18		0.10		1,139		1,212		14
4/27/18	7/19/18	8/15/18		0.10		1,139		1,202		14
4/27/18	6/19/18	7/17/18		0.10		1,140		1,221		13
3/1/18	5/17/18	6/15/18		0.10		1,140		1,271		13
3/1/18	4/19/18	5/15/18		0.10		1,140		1,287		13
3/1/18	3/19/18	4/17/18		0.10		1,139		1,255		13
			$	1.20	$	13,671		14,530	$	166
Year Ended December 31, 2017
10/27/17	2/21/18	3/15/18	$	0.10	$	1,138		1,241	$	14
10/27/17	1/22/18	2/15/18		0.10		1,139		1,185		13
10/27/17	12/20/17	1/17/18		0.10		1,139		1,119		13
7/28/17	11/20/17	12/15/17		0.10		1,139		1,227		13
7/28/17	10/19/17	11/15/17		0.10		1,139		1,195		13
7/28/17	9/20/17	10/16/17		0.10		1,138		1,205		14
4/27/17	8/18/17	9/15/17		0.10		1,140		1,199		13
4/27/17	7/20/17	8/15/17		0.10		1,140		1,159		12
4/27/17	6/20/17	7/14/17		0.10		1,138		1,164		13
3/3/17	5/19/17	6/15/17		0.10		1,137		1,202		14
3/3/17	4/21/17	5/16/17		0.10		1,137		1,287		15
3/3/17	3/20/17	4/18/17		0.10		1,134		1,510		18
			$	1.20	$	13,658		14,693	$	165

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On October 25, 2019, the Board declared monthly distributions per share, payable as set forth in the following table:

Ex-Dividend Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Distributions Declared
December 17, 2019	December 18, 2019	January 15, 2020	$	0.10
January 16, 2020	January 17, 2020	February 14, 2020	$	0.10
February 18, 2020	February 19, 2020	March 16, 2020	$	0.10

After paying distributions of $0.30 per share and earning net investment income of $0.42 per share for the quarter, the Company’s undistributed spillover income as of September 30, 2019 was $0.29 per share. Spillover income includes any ordinary income and net capital gains from the preceding tax years that were not distributed during such tax years.

Note 11. Financial highlights

The following table shows financial highlights for the Company:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Per share data:
Net asset value at beginning of period	$	11.64		$	11.72
Net investment income		1.08			0.86
Realized loss on investments		(0.30	)		(0.02	)
Unrealized appreciation on investments		0.20			0.01
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations		0.98			0.85
Distributions declared⁽¹⁾		(0.90	)		(0.90	)
From net investment income		(0.90	)		(0.90	)
From net realized gain on investments		—			—
Return of capital		—			—
Other⁽²⁾		(0.05	)		(0.01	)
Net asset value at end of period	$	11.67		$	11.66
Per share market value, beginning of period	$	11.25		$	11.22
Per share market value, end of period	$	11.83		$	11.41
Total return based on a market value⁽³⁾		13.2	%		9.7	%
Shares outstanding at end of period		14,412,475			11,531,399
Ratios, net of waiver, to average net assets:
Expenses without incentive fees		10.9	%⁽⁴⁾		10.1	%⁽⁴⁾
Incentive fees		3.0	%⁽⁴⁾		2.2	%⁽⁴⁾
Net expenses		13.9	%⁽⁴⁾		12.3	%⁽⁴⁾
Net investment income with incentive fees		12.1	%⁽⁴⁾		9.8	%⁽⁴⁾
Ratios, without waiver, to average net assets:
Expenses without incentive fees⁽⁵⁾		10.9	%⁽⁴⁾		10.1	%⁽⁴⁾
Incentive fees⁽⁵⁾		4.6	%⁽⁴⁾		2.8	%⁽⁴⁾
Net expenses⁽⁵⁾		15.5	%⁽⁴⁾		12.9	%⁽⁴⁾
Net investment income with incentive fees⁽⁵⁾		10.5	%⁽⁴⁾		9.2	%⁽⁴⁾
Net assets at the end of the period		168,144		$	134,456
Average net asset value	$	153,997		$	134,391
Average debt per share	$	10.39		$	8.38
Portfolio turnover ratio		50.0	%		31.1	%
?

(1)	Distributions are determined based on taxable income calculated in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from amounts determined under GAAP due to (i) changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation, (ii) temporary and permanent differences in income and expense recognition, and (iii) the amount of spillover income carried over from a given tax year for distribution in the following tax year. The final determination of taxable income for each tax year, as well as the tax attributes for distributions in such tax year, will be made after the close of the tax year.
(2)	Includes the impact of the different share amounts as a result of calculating per share data based on the weighted average basic shares outstanding during the period and certain per share data based on the shares outstanding as of a period end or transaction date.
(3)	The total return equals the change in the ending market value over the beginning of period price per share plus distributions paid per share during the period, divided by the beginning price.
(4)	Annualized.
(5)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Advisor waived $1.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of performance based incentive fee.

Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 12. Subsequent Event

Equity Distribution Agreement

Subsequent to September 30, 2019, and as of October 29, 2019, the Company sold approximately 0.1 million shares of common stock for total accumulated net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million, net of offering expenses, under the Equity Distribution Agreement. As of October 29, 2019, shares representing approximately $37.8 million of its common stock remain available for issuance and sale under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

On October 11, 2019 the Company received proceeds of $1.7 million in connection with the termination of its warrants in Verity Solutions, Inc. (“Verity”) upon Verity’s sale to Express Scripts.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “Horizon Technology Finance” refer to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-looking statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements, which relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, our beliefs and our assumptions. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q involve risks and uncertainties, including statements as to:

•

our future operating results, including the performance of our existing debt investments, warrants and other investments;

•

the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business initiatives and strategies;

•

changes in political, economic or industry conditions, the interest rate environment or financial and capital markets, which could result in changes in the value of our assets;

•

the relative and absolute investment performance and operations of our investment advisor, Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, or the Advisor;

•

the impact of increased competition;

•

the impact of investments we intend to make and future acquisitions and divestitures;

•

the unfavorable resolution of legal proceedings;

•

our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;

•

the impact, extent and timing of technological changes and the adequacy of intellectual property protection;

•

our regulatory structure and tax status;

•

our ability to qualify and maintain qualification as a regulated investment company, or RIC, and as a business development company, or BDC;

•

the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital;

•

the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies;

•

the impact of interest rate volatility on our results, particularly if we use leverage as part of our investment strategy;

•

the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objective;

•

the impact of legislative and regulatory actions and reforms and regulatory supervisory or enforcement actions of government agencies relating to us or our Advisor;

•

the impact of the Small Business Credit Availability Act, or SBCAA, on our operations and the BDC industry;

•

our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;

•

our ability to access capital and any future financings by us;

•

the ability of our Advisor to attract and retain highly talented professionals;

•

the impact of changes to tax legislation and, generally, our tax position; and

•

our ability to fund unfunded commitments, including revolver commitments.

We use words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “seeks” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Undue influence should not be placed on the forward looking statements as our actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

We have based the forward-looking statements included in this report on information available to us on the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K and current reports on Form 8-K.

Overview

We are a specialty finance company that lends to and invests in development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries, which we refer to as our “Target Industries.” Our investment objective is to maximize our investment portfolio’s total return by generating current income from the debt investments we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when making such debt investments. We are focused on making secured debt investments, which we refer to collectively as “Venture Loans,” to venture capital backed companies in our Target Industries, which we refer to as “Venture Lending.” We also selectively provide Venture Loans to publicly traded companies in our Target Industries. Our debt investments are typically secured by first liens or first liens behind a secured revolving line of credit, or Senior Term Loans. As of September 30, 2019, 100%, or $253.2 million, of our debt investment portfolio at fair value consisted of Senior Term Loans. Venture Lending is typically characterized by (1) the making of a secured debt investment after a venture capital or equity investment in the portfolio company has been made, which investment provides a source of cash to fund the portfolio company’s debt service obligations under the Venture Loan, (2) the senior priority of the Venture Loan which requires repayment of the Venture Loan prior to the equity investors realizing a return on their capital, (3) the relatively rapid amortization of the Venture Loan and (4) the lender’s receipt of warrants or other success fees with the making of the Venture Loan.

We are an externally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act. In addition, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we have elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. As a BDC, we are required to comply with regulatory requirements, including limitations on our use of debt. We are permitted to, and expect to, finance our investments through borrowings. On March 23, 2018, the SBCAA amended Section 61(a) of the 1940 Act to add Section 61(a)(2) which enables BDCs to reduce their asset coverage requirements from 200% to 150%. This provision permits a BDC to double the maximum amount of leverage that it is permitted to incur. As defined in the 1940 Act, asset coverage of 150% means that for every $100 of net assets a BDC holds, it may raise up to $200 from borrowing and issuing senior securities. We received approval from our stockholders to reduce our asset coverage requirement from 200% to 150% on October 30, 2018. The amount of leverage that we may employ will depend on our assessment of market conditions and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. As a RIC, we generally are not subject to corporate-level income taxes on our investment company taxable income, determined without regard to any deductions for dividends paid, and our net capital gain that we distribute as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to our stockholders as long as we meet certain source-of-income, distribution, asset diversification and other requirements.

Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC, or Compass Horizon, our predecessor company, commenced operations in March 2008. We were formed in March 2010 for the purpose of acquiring Compass Horizon and continuing its business as a public entity.

Horizon Funding I, LLC, or HFI, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on May 9, 2018, with HSLFI as its sole equity member. HFI is a special purpose bankruptcy-remote entity and is a separate legal entity from HSLFI. Any assets conveyed to HFI are not available to creditors of HSLFI or any other entity other than HFI’s lenders.

Our investment activities, and our day-to-day operations, are managed by our Advisor and supervised by our board of directors, or the Board, of which a majority of the members are independent of us. Under an investment management agreement, or the Investment Management Agreement, we have agreed to pay our Advisor a base management fee and an incentive fee for its advisory services to us. We have also entered into an administration agreement, or the Administration Agreement, with our Advisor under which we have agreed to reimburse our Advisor for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by our Advisor in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement.

Portfolio composition and investment activity

The following table shows our portfolio by type of investment as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Number of Investments		Fair Value		Percentage of Total Portfolio			Number of Investments		Fair Value		Percentage of Total Portfolio
					(Dollars in thousands)
Debt investments		32	$	253,185		89.9	%		34	$	216,401		87.1	%
Warrants		67		9,830		3.5			67		9,324		3.8
Other investments		2		888		0.3			4		7,640		3.1
Equity		8		3,293		1.2			9		1,833		0.7
Equity interest in HSLFI		1		14,323		5.1			1		13,243		5.3
Total			$	281,519		100.0	%			$	249,441		100.0	%

The following table shows total portfolio investment activity as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
				(In thousands)
Beginning portfolio	$	274,759		$	226,467		$	248,441		$	222,099
New debt investments		42,147			24,200			135,284			64,725
Less refinanced debt investments		(7,500	)		—			(17,500	)		(2,479	)
Net new debt investments		34,647			24,200			117,784			62,246
Investment in controlled affiliate investments		589			344			589			4,413
Principal payments received on investments		(3,413	)		(5,591	)		(13,069	)		(19,568	)
Early pay-offs		(25,000	)		(6,610	)		(70,548	)		(26,935	)
Accretion of debt investment fees		1,131			524			2,879			1,605
New debt investment fees		(658	)		(375	)		(1,764	)		(1,884	)
New equity		240			74			240			1,090
Proceeds from sale of investments		(506	)		(294	)		(2,411	)		(3,360	)
Warrants received in settlement of fee income		—			161			—			161
Dividend income from controlled affiliate investment		461			—			1,223			—
Distributions from controlled affiliate investment		(185	)		—			(715	)		—
Net realized (loss) gain on investments		(444	)		66			(3,891	)		(237	)
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments		(143	)		791			2,622			127
Other		41			—			139			—
Ending portfolio	$	281,519		$	239,757		$	281,519		$	239,757

We receive payments on our debt investments based on scheduled amortization of the outstanding balances. In addition, we receive repayments of some of our debt investments prior to their scheduled maturity date. The frequency or volume of these repayments may fluctuate significantly from period to period.

The following table shows our debt investments by industry sector as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Debt Investments at Fair Value		Percentage of Total Portfolio			Debt Investments at Fair Value		Percentage of Total Portfolio
			(Dollars in thousands)
Life Science
Biotechnology	$	42,832		16.9	%	$	19,369		8.9	%
Drug Delivery		1,526		0.6			1,495		0.7
Medical Device		67,561		26.7			46,162		21.3
Technology
Communications		12,101		4.8			10,539		4.9
Consumer-Related		23,008		9.1			20,491		9.5
Data Storage		19,581		7.7			9,835		4.5
Internet and Media		13,687		5.4			36,984		17.1
Materials		8,399		3.3			8,372		3.9
Power Management		—		—			512		0.2
Semiconductors		—		—			3,413		1.6
Software		49,536		19.6			35,747		16.5
Healthcare Information and Services
Software		14,954		5.9			23,482		10.9
Total	$	253,185		100.0	%	$	216,401		100.0	%

The largest debt investments in our portfolio may vary from period to period as new debt investments are originated and existing debt investments are repaid. Our five largest debt investments represented 31% and 32% of total debt investments outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. No single debt investment represented more than 10% of our total debt investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Debt investment asset quality

We use an internal credit rating system which rates each debt investment on a scale of 4 to 1, with 4 being the highest credit quality rating and 3 being the rating for a standard level of risk. A rating of 2 represents an increased level of risk and, while no loss is currently anticipated for a 2-rated debt investment, there is potential for future loss of principal. A rating of 1 represents a deteriorating credit quality and a high degree of risk of loss of principal. Our internal credit rating system is not a national credit rating system. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our debt investments had a weighted average credit rating of 3.1. The following table shows the classification of our debt investment portfolio by credit rating as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Number of Investments		Debt Investments at Fair Value		Percentage of Debt Investments			Number of Investments		Debt Investments at Fair Value		Percentage of Debt Investments
					(Dollars in thousands)
Credit Rating
4		4	$	43,017		17.0	%		6	$	41,677		19.3	%
3		23		191,545		75.7			23		155,439		71.8
2		4		17,123		6.8			5		19,285		8.9
1		1		1,500		0.5			—		—		—
Total		32	$	253,185		100.0	%		34	$	216,401		100.0	%

As of September 30, 2019, there was one debt investment with an internal credit rating of 1, with a cost of $3.7 million and a fair value of $1.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, there were no debt investments with an internal credit rating of 1.

Horizon Secured Loan Fund I LLC

On June 1, 2018, we and Arena Sunset SPV, LLC, or Arena, formed a joint venture, Horizon Secured Loan Fund I, or HSLFI, to make investments, either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, primarily in the form of secured loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life science, healthcare information and services and sustainability industries. HSLFI was formed as a Delaware limited liability company and is not consolidated by either us or Arena for financial reporting purposes. Investments held by HSLFI are measured at fair value. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, HSLFI had total assets of $47.1 million and $26.4 million, respectively. HSLFI’s portfolio consisted of debt investments in seven and four portfolio companies as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, the largest investment in a single portfolio company in the HSLFI’s portfolio in aggregate principal amount was $11.3 million and the five largest investments in portfolio companies in the HSLFI totaled $35.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, the largest investment in a single portfolio company in the HSLFI’s portfolio in aggregate principal amount was $8.3 million and the four largest investments in portfolio companies in the HSLFI totaled $25.0 million. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, HSLFI had no investments on non-accrual status. HSLFI invests in portfolio companies in the same industries in which we may directly invest.

We invest cash or securities in portfolio companies in HSLFI in exchange for limited liability company equity interests in HSLFI. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we and Arena each owned 50.0% of the equity interests of HSLFI. We had an original commitment to fund $25.0 million of equity interests in HSLFI. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $11.1 million and $11.7 million, respectively, was unfunded. Our investment in HSLFI consisted of an equity contribution of $13.9 and $13.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, HSLFI distributed $0.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. For the period September 1, 2018 (the commencement of HSLFI’s operations) through September 30, 2018, there were no distributions from HSLFI.

We and Arena each appointed two members to HSLFI’s four-person board of managers. All material decisions with respect to HSLFI, including those involving its investment portfolio, require unanimous approval of a quorum of the board of managers. Quorum is defined as (i) the presence of two members of the board of managers; provided that at least one individual is present that was elected, designated or appointed by each member; (ii) the presence of three members of the board of managers, provided that the individual that was elected, designated or appointed by the member with only one individual present will be entitled to cast two votes on each matter; or (iii) the presence of all four members of the board of managers.

In addition, on June 1, 2018, HSLFI entered into a sale and servicing agreement with HFI, as Issuer, and us, as Servicer, pursuant to which HSLFI will sell or contribute to HFI certain secured loans made to certain portfolio companies. HFI entered into a Note Funding Agreement, or the NYL Facility, with several entities owned or affiliated with New York Life Insurance Company, or the Noteholders, for an aggregate purchase price of up to $100.0 million, with an accordion feature of up to $200.0 million at the mutual discretion and agreement of HSLFI and the Noteholders. The Note Funding Agreement has an investment period that ends on June 1, 2020, if not extended, followed by a five year amortization period and a scheduled final payment date of June 10, 2025, subject to any extension of the investment period. Any notes issued by HFI will be collateralized by all investments held by HFI and permit an advance rate of up to 67% of the aggregate principal amount of eligible debt investments. The interest rate on the notes issued under the NYL Facility is based on the three year USD mid-market swap rate plus a margin of between 2.75% and 3.25% depending on the rating of such notes at the time of issuance. There were $18.4 million in advances made by the Noteholders as of September 30, 2019 at an interest rate of 4.98%. There were no advances made by the Noteholders as of December 31, 2018.

The following table shows a summary of HSLFI’s investment portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the period September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018:

	For the three months ended,			For the nine months ended,			For the period June 1, 2018 through
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018

	(Dollars in thousands)
Total investments at fair value	$	42,882		$	42,882		$	8,147
Dollar-weighted annualized yield on average debt investments⁽¹⁾		12.7	%		12.7	%		12.2	%
Number of portfolio companies in HSLFI		7			7			1
Largest portfolio company investment at fair value	$	11,158		$	11,158		$	8,147

(1)

HSLFI calculates the yield on dollar-weighted average debt investments for any period measured as (1) total investment income during the period divided by (2) the average of the fair value of debt investments outstanding on (a) the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the first day of the period and (b) the last day of each calendar month during the period. The yield on dollar-weighted average debt investments represents the portfolio yield and does not reflect HSLFI’s expenses.

The following table shows HSLFI’s total portfolio investment activity as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the period June 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018:

	For the three months ended			For the nine months ended			For the period June 1, 2018 through
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018

	(In thousands)
Beginning portfolio	$	38,896		$	24,734		$	—
New debt investments		4,000			18,227			8,250
Accretion of debt investment fees		52			129			—
New debt investment fees		(39	)		(175	)		(113	)
Net unrealized depreciation on investments		(27	)		(33	)		—
Ending portfolio	$	42,882		$	42,882		$	8,137

The following table shows HSLFI’s investments as of September 30, 2019:

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company ⁽¹⁾	Sector	Type of Investment ^(2)(3)(4)	Amount		Investments⁽⁵⁾		Value

(Dollars in thousands)
Debt Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,461	$	2,461
		Term Loan (9.73% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500		2,461		2,461
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (6)(7)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (10.00% cash (Libor + 7.50%; Floor 10.00%), 3.00% ETP, Due 4/1/23)		5,000		4,923		4,923

Mustang Bio, Inc. (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.00% cash (Libor + 6.50%; Floor 9.00%), 5.00% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		5,000		4,917		4,917
Total Debt Investments — Life science						14,762		14,762
Debt Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)	Communications	Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 3.30% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,942		3,942
		Term Loan (12.05% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 3.30% ETP, Due 1/1/22)		4,000		3,942		3,942
		Term Loan (12.45% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 12.45%), 2.50% ETP, Due 10/1/22)		1,227		1,207		1,207

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company ⁽¹⁾	Sector	Type of Investment ^(2)(3)(4)	Amount		Investments⁽⁵⁾		Value

(Dollars in thousands)
New Signature US, Inc. (6)(7)(9)	Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		8,250		8,154		8,154
		Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 2/1/23)		3,000		2,958		2,958
Revinate, Inc. (6)(7)		Term Loan (9.50% cash (Libor + 7.00%, Floor 9.50%), 3.00% ETP, Due 6/1/23)		4,000		3,948		3,948
Total Debt Investments — Technology						24,151		24,151
Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)	Software	Term Loan (10.35% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		3,750		3,707		3,707
Total Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services						3,707		3,707
Total Debt Investments						42,620		42,620

Warrant Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	95,057 Common Stock Warrants				58		2
Encore Dermatology, Inc. (6)(7)	Biotechnology	503,626 Preferred Stock Warrants				38		37
Mustang Bio, Inc. (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	72,046 Common Stock Warrants				45		38
Total Warrant Investments — Life science						141		77
Warrant Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)	Communications	1,886,934 Preferred Stock Warrants				82		96
Revinate, Inc. (6)(7)	Software	216,362 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		16
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (6)(7)(9)	Software	562,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				78		58
Total Warrant Investments — Technology						176		170
Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)	Software	47,418 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		15
Total Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services						16		15
Total Warrant Investments						333		262

Total Portfolio Investment Assets					$	42,953	$	42,882

Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)					$	1,784	$	1,784
Total Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments					$	1,784	$	1,784

Short Term Investments — Restricted Money Market Funds
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)					$	127	$	127
Total Short Term Investments — Restricted Money Market Funds					$	127	$	127

(1)	All investments of HSLFI are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)	All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to HSLFI’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include end-of-term payments, or ETPs, and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on the London InterBank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of September 30, 2019 is provided.
(3)	ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid.
(4)	Warrants are non-income producing.
(5)	For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(6)	Has been pledged as collateral under the NYL Facility.
(7)	The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(8)	Portfolio company is a public company.
(9)	New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.

The following table shows HSLFI’s investments as of December 31, 2018:

			Principal		Cost of		Fair
Portfolio Company ⁽¹⁾	Sector	Type of Investment ^(2)(3)(4)	Amount		Investments⁽⁵⁾		Value

(Dollars in thousands)
Debt Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)	$	2,500	$	2,449	$	2,449
		Term Loan (9.98% cash (Libor + 7.63%; Floor 9.63%), 4.00% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		2,500		2,449		2,449
Total Debt Investments — Life science						4,898		4,898
Debt Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)	Communications	Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,948		3,948
		Term Loan (12.30% cash (Libor + 9.95%; Floor 11.25%), 2.50% ETP, Due 7/1/21)		4,000		3,948		3,948
New Signature US, Inc. (6)(7)(9)	Software	Term Loan (10.85% cash (Libor + 8.50%; Floor 10.50%), 3.50% ETP, Due 7/1/22)		8,250		8,098		8,098
Total Debt Investments — Technology						15,994		15,994
Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)	Software	Term Loan (10.60% cash (Libor + 8.25%; Floor 9.25%), 3.00% ETP, Due 10/1/23)		3,750		3,699		3,699
Total Debt Investments — Healthcare information and services						3,699		3,699
Total Debt Investments						24,591		24,591

Warrant Investments — Life science
Celsion Corporation (6)(7)(8)	Biotechnology	95,057 Common Stock Warrants				58		1
Total Warrant Investments — Life science						58		1
Warrant Investments — Technology
Intelepeer Holdings, Inc. (6)(7)	Communications	1,280,000 Preferred Stock Warrants				49		70
BSI Platform Holdings, LLC (6)(7)(9)	Software	412,500 Preferred Stock Warrants				57		56
Total Warrant Investments — Technology						106		126
Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services
HealthEdge Software, Inc. (6)(7)	Software	47,418 Preferred Stock Warrants				16		16
Total Warrant Investments — Healthcare information and services						16		16
Total Warrant Investments						180		143

Total Portfolio Investment Assets					$	24,771	$	24,734

Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments
US Bank Money Market Deposit Account (6)					$	74	$	74
Total Short Term Investments — Unrestricted Investments					$	74	$	74

(1)	All investments of HSLFI are in entities which are organized under the laws of the United States and have a principal place of business in the United States.
(2)	All interest is payable in cash due monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated, and applies only to HSLFI’s debt investments. Interest rate is the annual interest rate on the debt investment and does not include ETPs and any additional fees related to the investments, such as deferred interest, commitment fees or prepayment fees. Debt investments are at variable rates for the term of the debt investment, unless otherwise indicated. All debt investments based on LIBOR are based on one-month LIBOR. For each debt investment, the current interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2018 is provided.
(3)	ETPs are contractual fixed-interest payments due in cash at the maturity date of the applicable debt investment, including upon any prepayment, and are a fixed percentage of the original principal balance of the debt investments unless otherwise noted. Interest will accrue during the life of the debt investment on each ETP and will be recognized as non-cash income until it is actually paid.
(4)	Warrants are non-income producing.
(5)	For debt investments, represents principal balance less unearned income.
(6)	Has been pledged as collateral under the NYL Facility.
(7)	The fair value of the investment was valued using significant unobservable inputs.
(8)	Portfolio company is a public company.
(9)	New Signature US, Inc. is a subsidiary of BSI Platform Holdings, LLC.

The following tables show certain summarized financial information for HSLFI as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the period September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018

	(In thousands)
Selected Statement of Assets and Liabilities Information
Total investments at fair value (cost of $42,953 and $24,771, respectively)	$	42,882	$	24,734
Investments in money market funds		1,784		74
Restricted investments in money market funds		127		—
Cash and cash equivalents		422		76
Interest receivable		660		252
Other assets		1,195		1,306
Total assets	$	47,070	$	26,442

Borrowings	$	18,375	$	—
Other liabilities		174		81
Total liabilities		18,549		81

Members’ equity		28,521		26,361
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	47,070	$	26,442

	For the three months ended,			For the nine months ended,			For the period June 1, through
	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018
	(In thousands)
Selected Statements of Operations Information
Interest income on investments	$	1,317		$	3,314		$	255
Total expenses	$	395		$	869		$	90
Net investment income	$	922		$	2,445		$	165
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments	$	(27	)	$	(33	)	$	1
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	895		$	2,412		$	166

Consolidated results of operations

As a BDC and a RIC, we are subject to certain constraints on our operations, including limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the Code. The consolidated results of operations described below may not be indicative of the results we report in future periods.

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table shows consolidated results of operations for the three months ended September, 2019 and 2018:

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Total investment income	$	11,375		$	7,797
Total expenses		5,602			4,841
Performance based incentive fee waived		—			(446	)
Net expenses		5,602			4,395
Net investment income		5,773			3,402
Net realized (loss) gain on investments		(424	)		66
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments		(143	)		791
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	5,206		$	4,259
Average debt investments, at fair value	$	246,648		$	207,942
Average borrowings outstanding	$	135,232		$	105,636

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations can vary substantially from period to period for various reasons, including the recognition of realized gains and losses and unrealized appreciation and depreciation on investments. As a result, quarterly comparisons of net increase in net assets resulting from operations may not be meaningful.

Investment income

Total investment income increased by $3.6 million, or 45.9%, to $11.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, total investment income consisted primarily of $9.2 million in interest income from investments, which included $2.5 million in income from the accretion of origination fees and ETPs and $1.7 million in fee income. Interest income on debt investments increased by $1.9 million, or 26.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Interest income on debt investments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased primarily due to an increase of $38.7 million, or 18.6%, in the average size of our debt investment portfolio and an increase in accelerated fees earned on higher principal prepayments received. Fee income, which includes other fee, success fee and prepayment fee income on debt investments, increased by $1.3 million, or 305.2%, to $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to an increase in fees earned on higher principal prepayments received.

The following table shows our dollar-weighted annualized yield for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	For the three months ended September 30,
Investment type:	2019			2018
Debt investments⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		17.7	%		15.0	%
Equity interest in HSLFI and debt investments ^(1)(3)(4)		17.5	%		14.7	%
Equity interest in HSLFI^(1)(4)(5)		13.5	%		—
All investments⁽¹⁾⁽⁶⁾		16.4	%		13.5	%

(1)	We calculate the dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type for any period as (1) total related investment income during the period divided by (2) the average of the fair value of the investment type outstanding on (a) the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the first day of the period and (b) the last day of each calendar month during the period. The dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type is higher than what investors will realize because it does not reflect our expenses or any sales load paid by investors
(2)	Excludes any yield from warrants, equity, other investments and equity interest in HSLFI. Related investment income includes interest income and fee income from debt investments.
(3)	Excludes any yield from warrants, equity and other investments. Related investment income includes interest income and fee income from debt investments and dividend income from equity interest in HSLFI.
(4)	HSLFI was formed on June 1, 2018. There was no yield from equity interest in HSLFI for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
(5)	Excludes any yield from debt investments, warrants, equity and other investments. Related investment income includes dividend income from equity interest in HSLFI.
(6)	Includes any yield from debt investments, warrants, equity, other investments and equity interest in HSFLI. Related investment income includes interest income, fee income and dividend income.

Investment income, consisting of interest income and fees on debt investments, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large debt investments. Interest income from the five largest debt investments in the aggregate accounted for 24% and 31% of investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Expenses

Net expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 27.5%, to $5.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Total expenses for each period consisted of interest expense, base management fee, incentive and administrative fees, professional fees and general and administrative expenses.

Interest expense increased by $0.4 million, or 21.7%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, increased primarily due to an increase in average borrowings of $29.6 million, or 28.0% offset by a reduction in our effective cost of debt, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Base management fee expense increased by $0.2 million, or 16.5%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Base management fee increased primarily due to an increase of $38.7 million, or 18.6%, in the average size of our investment portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.

On March 5, 2019, our Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on December 31, 2019. Such waived incentive fees will not be subject to recoupment. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, our Advisor did not waive performance based incentive fees as the total amount previously deferred has been completely earned and waived by our Advisor.

On March 6, 2018, our Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2018. Such waived incentive fees are not subject to recoupment. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, our Advisor waived performance-based incentive fees of $0.4 million which our Advisor would have otherwise been paid. This resulted in $0.4 million of reduced expense and additional net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Performance based incentive fee expense, net of the waiver above, increased by $0.6 million, or 69.6%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was due to an increase of $3.0 million, or 69.7%, in Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Administrative fee expense, professional fees and general and administrative were $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Net realized gains and losses and net unrealized appreciation and depreciation

Realized gains or losses on investments are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the cost basis of our investments without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized. Realized gains or losses on investments include investments charged off during the period, net of recoveries. The net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation on investments primarily reflects the change in portfolio investment fair values during the reporting period, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation when gains or losses are realized.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we realized net losses totaling $0.4 million primarily due to the sale of one of our royalty agreements which was included in other investments and partially offset by a realized gain from the sale of one of our warrant investments. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we realized net gains totaling $0.1 million primarily due to the termination of warrants upon the sale of two portfolio companies.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, net unrealized depreciation on investments totaled $0.1 million which was primarily due to (1) a reversal of previously recorded unrealized depreciation on one of our royalty agreements which was included in other investments and (2) unrealized depreciation on one of our other investments. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, net unrealized appreciation on investments totaled $0.8 million which was primarily due to unrealized appreciation on our warrant investments.

Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table shows consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
Total investment income		30,150		$	22,285
Total expenses		17,980			12,988
Performance based incentive fee waived		(1,848	)		(605	)
Net expenses		16,132			12,383
Net investment income		14,018			9,902
Net realized loss on investments		(3,871	)		(237	)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments		2,622			127
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$	12,769		$	9,792
Average debt investments, at fair value	$	235,391		$	200,131
Average borrowings outstanding	$	129,661		$	96,598

Investment income

Total investment income increased by $7.9 million, or 35.3%, to $30.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, total investment income consisted primarily of $26.1 million in interest income from investments, which included $6.5 million in income from the accretion of origination fees and ETPs and $2.9 million in fee income. Interest income on debt investments increased by $5.2 million, or 24.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Interest income on debt investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased primarily due to an increase of $35.3 million, or 17.6%, in the average size of our debt investment portfolio and an increase in accelerated fees earned on higher principal prepayments received. Fee income, which includes success fee, other fees and prepayment fee income on debt investments, increased by $1.6 million, or 121.3%, to $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to an increase in fees earned on higher principal prepayments received.

The following table shows our dollar-weighted annualized yield for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	For the nine months ended September 30,
Investment type:	2019			2018
Debt investments⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		16.4	%		14.8	%
Equity interest in HSLFI and debt investments ⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾		16.2	%		14.7	%
Equity interest in HSLFI⁽¹⁾⁽⁴⁾		12.2	%		13.6	%
All investments⁽¹⁾⁽⁵⁾		15.1	%		13.5	%

(1)	We calculate the dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type for any period as (1) total related investment income during the period divided by (2) the average of the fair value of the investment type outstanding on (a) the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the first day of the period and (b) the last day of each calendar month during the period. The dollar-weighted annualized yield on average investment type is higher than what investors will realize because it does not reflect our expenses or any sales load paid by investors
(2)	Excludes any yield from warrants, equity, other investments and equity interest in HSLFI. Related investment income includes interest income and fee income from debt investments.
(3)	Excludes any yield from warrants, equity and other investments. Related investment income includes interest income and fee income from debt investments and dividend income from equity interest in HSLFI.
(4)	Excludes any yield from debt investments, warrants, equity and other investments. Related investment income includes dividend income from equity interest in HSLFI.
(5)	Includes any yield from debt investments, warrants, equity, other investments and equity interest in HSFLI. Related investment income includes interest income, fee income and dividend income.

Investment income, consisting of interest income and fees on debt investments, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of large debt investments. Interest income from the five largest debt investments in the aggregate accounted for 24% and 31% of investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Expenses

Net expenses increased by $3.7 million, or 30.3%, to $16.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Total expenses for each period consisted of interest expense, base management fee, incentive and administrative fees, professional fees and general and administrative expenses.

Interest expense increased by $1.6 million, or 34.5%, to $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, increased primarily due to an increase in average borrowings of $33.1 million, or 34.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Base management fee expense increased by $0.7 million, or 19.3%, to $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Base management fee increased primarily due to an increase of $35.3 million, or 17.6%, in the average size of our investment portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

On March 5, 2019, our Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on December 31, 2019. Such waived incentive fees will not be subject to recoupment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our Advisor waived performance based incentive fees of $1.8 million which our Advisor would have otherwise been paid. This resulted in $1.8 million of reduced expense and additional net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

On March 6, 2018, our Advisor irrevocably waived the receipt of incentive fees related to the amounts previously deferred that it may be entitled to receive under the Investment Management Agreement for the period commencing on January 1, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2018. Such waived incentive fees are not subject to recoupment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our Advisor waived performance based incentive fees of $0.6 million which our Advisor would have otherwise been paid. This resulted in $0.6 million of reduced expense and additional net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Performance based incentive fee expense, net of the waiver above, increased by $1.3 million, or 58.0%, to $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was due to (i) an increase of $5.4 million, or 44.6%, in Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and (ii) an increase in the Incentive Fee Cap calculated based on the incentive fee cap and deferral mechanism in our Investment Management Agreement for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The incentive fee on pre-incentive fee net investment income was subject to the Incentive Fee Cap for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to the cumulative incentive fees paid exceeding 20% of cumulative pre-incentive fee net return during the applicable quarter and the 11 preceding full calendar quarters.

Administrative fee expense, professional fees and general and administrative were $2.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Net realized gains and losses and net unrealized appreciation and depreciation

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we realized net losses totaling $3.9 million primarily due to the expiration of one of our royalty agreements which was included in other investments which was partially offset by a gain on the sale of our equity investment in one portfolio company and from the consideration we received from the termination of warrants upon the sale of two portfolio companies. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we realized net losses totaling $0.2 million primarily due to the write off of warrants in nine portfolio companies partially offset by realized gains on the termination of warrants upon the sale of two portfolio companies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net unrealized appreciation on investments totaled $2.7 million which was primarily due to the net unrealized appreciation on two of our royalty agreements which were included in other investments and the unrealized appreciation on one of our equity investments, partially offset by the unrealized depreciation on one of our debt investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net unrealized appreciation on investments totaled $0.1 million which was primarily due to the unrealized appreciation on one warrant investment partially offset by the depreciation on one public equity investment and two public warrant investments.

Liquidity and capital resources

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had cash of $36.4 million and $12.6 million, respectively. Cash is available to fund new investments, reduce borrowings, pay expenses, repurchase common stock and pay distributions. Our primary sources of capital have been from our public and private equity offerings, use of our revolving credit facilities and issuance of our public debt offerings.

On August 2, 2019 we entered into an At-The-Market (“ATM”) sales agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and B. Riley FBR, Inc. (each a “Sales Agent” and, collectively, the “Sales Agents”). The Equity Distribution Agreement provides that we may offer and sell shares of common stock from time to time through the Sales Agents representing up to $50.0 million worth of our common stock, in amounts and at times to be determined by us.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold approximately 0.9 million shares of common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement. For the same period, we received total accumulated net proceeds of approximately $10.4 million, including $0.2 million of offering expenses, from these sales.

On April 26, 2019, our Board extended a previously authorized stock repurchase program which allows us to repurchase up to $5.0 million of our common stock at prices below our net asset value per share as reported in our most recent consolidated financial statements. Under the repurchase program, we may, but are not obligated to, repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time. Any repurchases by us will comply with the requirements of Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act. Unless extended by our Board, the repurchase program will terminate on the earlier of June 30, 2020 or the repurchase of $5.0 million of our common stock. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we did not make any repurchases of our common stock. From the inception of the stock repurchase program through September 30, 2019, we repurchased 167,465 shares of our common stock at an average price of $11.22 on the open market at a total cost of $1.9 million.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the outstanding principal balance under our revolving credit facility, or the Key Facility, with KeyBank National Association was $15.0 million and $90.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had borrowing capacity under the Key Facility of $110.0 million and $34.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $14.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, were available, subject to existing terms and advance rates.

Our operating activities used cash of $40.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and our financing activities provided cash of $44.7 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily to purchase investments in portfolio companies partially offset by principal payments received on our debt investments. Our financing activities provided cash primarily from the sale of shares through a follow-on public offering and our ATM for net proceeds of $33.3 million, after deducting underwriting commission and discounts and other offering expenses and the completion of our securitization, partially offset by cash used to repay our Key Facility and pay distributions to our stockholders.

Our operating activities used cash of $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and our financing activities provided cash of $7.0 million for the same period. Our operating activities used cash primarily to purchase investments in portfolio companies partially offset by principal payments received on our debt investments. Our financing activities provided cash primarily from advances on our Key Facility, partially offset by cash used to repay our Key Facility and pay distributions to our stockholders.

Our primary use of available funds is to make debt investments in portfolio companies and for general corporate purposes. We expect to raise additional equity and debt capital opportunistically as needed and, subject to market conditions, to support our future growth to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.

In order to remain subject to taxation as a RIC, we intend to distribute to our stockholders all or substantially all of our investment company taxable income. In addition, as a BDC, we are required to maintain asset coverage of at least 150%. This requirement limits the amount that we may borrow.

We believe that our current cash, cash generated from operations, and funds available from our Key Facility will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure commitments for at least the next 12 months.

Current borrowings

The following table shows our borrowings as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Total Commitment		Balance Outstanding			Unused Commitment		Total Commitment		Balance Outstanding			Unused Commitment
						(In thousands)
Key Facility	$	125,000	$	15,000		$	110,000	$	125,000	$	90,500		$	34,500
Asset-Backed Notes		100,000		100,000			—		—		—			—
2022 Notes		37,375		37,375			—		37,375		37,375			—
Total before debt issuance costs		262,375		152,375			110,000		162,375		127,875			34,500
Unamortized debt issuance costs attributable to term borrowings		—		(2,455	)		—		—		(1,022	)		—
Total borrowings outstanding, net	$	262,375	$	149,920		$	110,000	$	162,375	$	126,853		$	34,500

We entered into the Key Facility effective November 4, 2013. The interest rate on the Key Facility is based upon the one-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.25%, with a LIBOR floor of 0.75%. The LIBOR rate was 2.10% and 2.50% as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The interest rates in effect were 5.35% and 5.60% as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Key Facility requires the payment of an unused line fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of any unborrowed amount available under the facility annually.

The Key Facility has an accordion feature which allows for an increase in the total loan commitment to $150 million. On December 28, 2018, we amended the Key Facility, increasing the aggregate commitments under the Key Facility by $25 million to $125 million. The Key Facility is collateralized by debt investments held by Horizon Credit II LLC, or Credit II, and permits an advance rate of up to fifty percent (50%) of eligible debt investments held by Credit II. The Key Facility contains covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain a minimum net worth, to restrict the debt investments securing the Key Facility to certain criteria for qualified debt investments and to comply with portfolio company concentration limits as defined in the related loan agreement. The period during which we may request advances under the Key Facility, or the Revolving Period, extends through April 6, 2021. After the Revolving Period, we may not request new advances, and we must repay the outstanding advances under the Key Facility as of such date, at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the Key Facility, particularly the condition that the principal balance of the Key Facility not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate principal balance of our eligible debt investments to our portfolio companies. The maturity of the Key Facility, the date on which all outstanding advances under the Key Facility are due and payable, is on April 6, 2023.

On September 29, 2017, we issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $32.5 million of our 6.25% notes due 2022, or the 2022 Notes, and on October 11, 2017, pursuant to the underwriters’ 30-day option to purchase additional notes, we sold an additional $4.9 million of the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes have a stated maturity of September 15, 2022 and may be redeemed in whole or in part at our option at any time or from time to time on or after September 15, 2019 at a redemption price of $25 per security plus accrued and unpaid interest. The 2022 Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.25% per year payable quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year. The 2022 Notes are our direct, unsecured obligations and (1) rank equally in right of payment with our current and future unsecured indebtedness; (2) are senior in right of payment to any of our future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the 2022 Notes; (3) are effectively subordinated to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and (4) are structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of our subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2019, we were in material compliance with the terms of the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HTFA”.

On August 13, 2019, we completed a term debt securitization in connection with which an affiliate of ours made an offering of $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed rate asset-backed notes, or the Asset-Backed Notes. The Asset-Backed Notes were rated A+(sf) by Morningstar Credit Ratings, LLC.

The Asset-Backed Notes were issued by the 2019-1 Trust pursuant to a note purchase agreement, dated as of August 13, 2019, by and among us and Keybanc Capital Markets Inc. as Initial Purchaser, and are backed by a pool of loans made to certain portfolio companies of ours and secured by certain assets of those portfolio companies and are to be serviced by us. Interest on the Asset-Backed Notes will be paid, to the extent of funds available, at a fixed rate of 4.21% per annum. The Asset-Backed Notes have a two-year reinvestment period and a stated maturity of September 15, 2027.

At September 30, 2019, the Asset-Backed Notes had an outstanding principal balance of $100.0 million. There was no outstanding principal balance for the Asset-Backed Notes at December 31, 2018.

Under the terms of the Asset-Backed Notes, we are required to maintain a reserve cash balance, funded through proceeds from the sale of the Asset-Backed Notes, which may be used to pay monthly interest and principal payments on the Asset-Backed Notes. The Company has segregated these funds and classified them as restricted investments in money market funds. At September 30, 2019, there was approximately $1.2 million of restricted investments. There were no funds segregated as restricted investments related to the Asset-Backed Notes at December 31, 2018.

Other assets

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other assets were $2.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which is primarily comprised of debt issuance costs and prepaid expenses.

Contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements

The following table shows our significant contractual payment obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2019:

	Payments due by period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1 – 3 Years		3 – 5 Years		After 5 years
	(In thousands)
Borrowings	$	152,375	$	15,348	$	64,407	$	72,620	$	—
Unfunded commitments		37,750		37,500		5,000		—		—
Total	$	190,125	$	52,848	$	69,407	$	72,620	$	—

In the normal course of business, we are party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These consist primarily of unfunded commitments to extend credit, in the form of loans, to our portfolio companies. Unfunded commitments to provide funds to portfolio companies are not reflected on our balance sheet. Our unfunded commitments may be significant from time to time. As of September 30, 2019, we had such unfunded commitments of $37.8 million. This includes no undrawn revolver commitments. These commitments are subject to the same underwriting and ongoing portfolio maintenance requirements as are the financial instruments that we hold on our balance sheet. In addition, these commitments are often subject to financial or non-financial milestones and other conditions to borrowing that must be achieved before the commitment can be drawn. Since these commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We regularly monitor our unfunded commitments and anticipated refinancings, maturities and capital raising, to ensure that we have sufficient liquidity to fund such unfunded commitments. As of September 30, 2019, we reasonably believed that our assets would provide adequate financial resources to satisfy all of our unfunded commitments.

In addition to the Key Facility, we have certain commitments pursuant to our Investment Management Agreement entered into with our Advisor. We have agreed to pay a fee for investment advisory and management services consisting of two components (1) a base management fee equal to a percentage of the value of our gross assets less cash or cash equivalents, and (2) a two-part incentive fee. We have also entered into a contract with our Advisor to serve as our administrator. Payments under the Administration Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of our Advisor’s overhead in performing its obligations under the agreement, including rent, fees and other expenses inclusive of our allocable portion of the compensation of our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and their respective staffs. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our Investment Management Agreement and our Administration Agreement.

Distributions

In order to qualify and be subject to tax as a RIC, we must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. Generally, in order to qualify as a RIC, we must derive at least 90% of our gross income for each tax year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities, loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, income derived from certain publicly traded partnerships, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in stock or other securities. We must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of each tax year. Failure to meet these diversification requirements on the last day of a quarter may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices or times, and may cause us to incur substantial losses.

In addition, in order to be subject to tax as a RIC and to avoid the imposition of corporate-level tax on the income and gains we distribute to our stockholders in respect of any tax year, we are required under the Code to distribute as dividends to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution each tax year an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any. Additionally, in order to avoid the imposition of a U.S. federal excise tax, we are required to distribute, in respect of each calendar year, dividends to our stockholders of an amount at least equal to the sum of 98% of our calendar year net ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections); 98.2% of our capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year; and any net ordinary income and capital gain net income for preceding calendar years that were not distributed during such calendar years and on which we previously did not incur any U.S. federal income tax. If we fail to qualify as a RIC for any reason and become subject to corporate tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us and our stockholders. In addition, we could be required to recognize unrealized gains, incur substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions in order to re-qualify as a RIC. We cannot assure stockholders that they will receive any distributions.

To the extent our taxable earnings in a tax year fall below the total amount of our distributions made to stockholders in respect of such tax year, a portion of those distributions may be deemed a return of capital to our stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the source of a distribution to our stockholders may be the original capital invested by the stockholder rather than our income or gains. Stockholders should review any written disclosure accompanying a distribution payment carefully and should not assume that the source of any distribution is our ordinary income or gains.

We have adopted an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a distribution, then stockholders’ cash distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless a stockholder specifically “opts out” of our DRIP. If a stockholder opts out, that stockholder will receive cash distributions. Although distributions paid in the form of additional shares of our common stock will generally be subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes, stockholders participating in our DRIP will not receive any corresponding cash distributions with which to pay any such applicable taxes. If our common stock is trading above net asset value, a stockholder receiving distributions in the form of additional shares of our common stock will be treated as receiving a distribution of an amount equal to the fair market value of such shares of our common stock. We may use newly issued shares to implement the DRIP, or we may purchase shares in the open market in connection with our obligations under the DRIP.

Related party transactions

We have entered into the Investment Management Agreement with the Advisor. The Advisor is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Our investment activities are managed by the Advisor and supervised by the Board, the majority of whom are independent directors. Under the Investment Management Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Advisor a base management fee as well as an incentive fee. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we paid the Advisor $2.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we paid the Advisor $7.6 million and $5.6 million, respectively, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement.

Our Advisor is wholly-owned by HTF Holdings LLC, which is wholly-owned by Horizon Technology Finance, LLC. By virtue of their ownership interest in Horizon Technology Finance, LLC, our Chief Executive Officer, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr. and our President, Gerald A. Michaud, may be deemed to control our Advisor.

We have also entered into the Administration Agreement with the Advisor. Under the Administration Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the Advisor for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Advisor in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent and our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and their respective staffs. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Administration Agreement the Advisor provides us with the office facilities and administrative services necessary to conduct our day-to-day operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we paid the Advisor $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, pursuant to the Administration Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we paid the Advisor $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, pursuant to the Administration Agreement.

The predecessor of the Advisor has granted the Company a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “Horizon Technology Finance.”

We believe that we derive substantial benefits from our relationship with our Advisor. Our Advisor may manage other investment vehicles, or Advisor Funds, with the same investment strategy as us. The Advisor may provide us an opportunity to co-invest with the Advisor Funds. Under the 1940 Act, absent receipt of exemptive relief from the SEC, we and our affiliates are precluded from co-investing in negotiated investments. On November 27, 2017, we were granted exemptive relief from the SEC which permits us to co-invest with Advisor Funds, subject to certain conditions.

Critical accounting policies

The discussion of our financial condition and results of operation is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. In addition to the discussion below, we describe our significant accounting policies in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

We have identified the following items as critical accounting policies.

Valuation of investments

Investments are recorded at fair value. Our Board determines the fair value of our portfolio investments. We apply fair value to substantially all of our investments in accordance with Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s, or FASB’s, Accounting Standards Codification as amended, or ASC, which establishes a framework used to measure fair value and requires disclosures for fair value measurements. We have categorized our investments carried at fair value, based on the priority of the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of the market participant who holds the financial instrument rather than an entity specific measure. Therefore, when market assumptions are not readily available, our own assumptions are set to reflect those that management believes market participants would use in pricing the financial instrument at the measurement date.

The availability of observable inputs can vary depending on the financial instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market and the current market conditions. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The three categories within the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2

Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3

Our Board determines the fair value of investments in good faith, based on the input of management, the audit committee and independent valuation firms that have been engaged at the direction of our Board to assist in the valuation of each portfolio investment without a readily available market quotation at least once during a trailing twelve-month period under our valuation policy and a consistently applied valuation process. The Board conducts this valuation process at the end of each fiscal quarter, with 25% (based on fair value) of our valuation of portfolio companies that do not have a readily available market quotations subject to review by an independent valuation firm.

Income recognition

Interest on debt investments is accrued and included in income based on contractual rates applied to principal amounts outstanding. Interest income is determined using a method that results in a level rate of return on principal amounts outstanding. Generally, when a debt investment becomes 90 days or more past due, or if we otherwise do not expect to receive interest and principal repayments, the debt investment is placed on non-accrual status and the recognition of interest income may be discontinued. Interest payments received on non-accrual debt investments may be recognized as income, on a cash basis, or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment at the time the debt investment is placed on non-accrual status. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we did not recognize any interest income from debt investments on non-accrual status.

We receive a variety of fees from borrowers in the ordinary course of conducting our business, including advisory fees, commitment fees, amendment fees, non-utilization fees, success fees and prepayment fees. In a limited number of cases, we may also receive a non-refundable deposit earned upon the termination of a transaction. Debt investment origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred, and along with unearned income, are amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the debt investment. All other income is recorded into income when earned. Fees for counterparty debt investment commitments with multiple debt investments are allocated to each debt investment based upon each debt investment’s relative fair value. When a debt investment is placed on non-accrual status, the amortization of the related fees and unearned income is discontinued until the debt investment is returned to accrual status.

Certain debt investment agreements also require the borrower to make an ETP that is accrued into income over the life of the debt investment to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. We will generally cease accruing the income if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or if we do not expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest due.

In connection with substantially all lending arrangements, we receive warrants to purchase shares of stock from the borrower. We record the warrants as assets at estimated fair value on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. We consider the warrants as loan fees and record them as unearned income on the grant date. The unearned income is recognized as interest income over the contractual life of the related debt investment in accordance with our income recognition policy. Subsequent to origination, the warrants are also measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Any adjustment to fair value is recorded through earnings as net unrealized gain or loss on investments. Gains and losses from the disposition of the warrants or stock acquired from the exercise of warrants are recognized as realized gains and losses on investments.

Distributions from HSLFI are evaluated at the time of distribution to determine if the distribution should be recorded as dividend income or a return of capital. Generally, we will not record distributions from HSLFI as dividend income unless there are sufficient accumulated tax-basis earnings and profit in HSLFI prior to distribution. Distributions that are classified as a return of capital are recorded as a reduction in the cost basis of the investment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, HSLFI distributed $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, classified as dividend income to us. For the period June 1, 2018 (the commencement of HSLFI’s operations) through September 30, 2018, there were no distributions from HSLFI.

Realized gains or losses on the sale of investments, or upon the determination that an investment balance, or portion thereof, is not recoverable, are calculated using the specific identification method. We measure realized gains or losses by calculating the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment. Net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflects the change in the fair values of our portfolio investments during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation or depreciation, when gains or losses are realized.

Income taxes

We have elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. In order to qualify as a RIC and to avoid the imposition of corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on the amounts we distribute to our stockholders, among other things, we are required to meet certain source of income and asset diversification requirements, and we must timely distribute dividends to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution each tax year of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of our investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code and determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid. We, among other things, have made and intend to continue to make the requisite distributions to our stockholders, which will generally relieve us from incurring any material liability for U.S. federal income taxes.

Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and incur a 4% excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that we determine that our estimated current year annual taxable income will be in excess of estimated current year distributions, we will accrue excise tax, if any, on estimated excess taxable income as taxable income is earned.

We evaluate tax positions taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, as modified by ASC Topic 946, Financial Services — Investment Companies. Tax benefits of positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold, or uncertain tax positions, are recorded as a tax expense in the current year. It is our policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits in income tax expense. We had no material uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncement

In April 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), or ASU 2014-09, which amends existing revenue recognition guidance to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. As required, we adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018, and such adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, or ASU 2018-13, which modifies disclosure requirements for the fair value measurement of Level 3 securities of public companies. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU 2018-13 for the year ended December 31, 2018. As a result, no significant changes were made to our disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

SEC Disclosure Update and Simplification

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, or the SEC Release, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. The SEC Release is effective for all filings on or after November 5, 2018. As required, we adopted the SEC Release for the year ended December 31, 2018. The SEC Release required changes to the presentation of our Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets. Prior to adoption, we presented distributable earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statement of Net Assets as three components: 1) distributions in excess of net investment income; 2) net unrealized depreciation on investments; and 3) net realized loss on investments. Upon adoption, we present distributable earnings in total on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets. The changes in presentation have been retrospectively applied to the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Recent development

Subsequent to September 30, 2019, and as of October 29, 2019, we sold $0.1 million shares of common stock for total accumulated net proceeds of approximately $1.8 million, net of offering expenses, under the Equity Distribution Agreement. As of October 29, 2019, shares representing approximately $37.8 million of its common stock remain available for issuance and sale under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

On October 11, 2019 we received proceeds of $1.7 million in connection with the termination of its warrants in Verity Solutions, Inc. (“Verity”) upon Verity’s sale to Express Scripts.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. During the periods covered by our financial statements, the interest rates on the debt investments within our portfolio were primarily at floating rates. We expect that our debt investments in the future will primarily have floating interest rates. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 99% of the outstanding principal amount of our debt investments bore interest at floating rates. The initial commitments to lend to our portfolio companies are usually based on a floating LIBOR index.

Based on our September 30, 2019 consolidated statement of assets and liabilities (without adjustment for potential changes in the credit market, credit quality, size and composition of assets on the consolidated statement of assets and liabilities or other business developments that could affect net income) and the base index rates at September 30, 2019, the following table shows the annual impact on the change in net assets resulting from operations of changes in interest rates, which assumes no changes in our investments and borrowings:

Change in basis points	Investment Income			Interest Expense			Change in Net Assets⁽¹⁾
	(In thousands)
Up 300 basis points	$	7,711		$	458		$	7,253
Up 200 basis points	$	4,952		$	304		$	4,648
Up 100 basis points	$	2,206		$	152		$	2,054
Down 300 basis points	$	(947	)	$	(225	)	$	(722	)
Down 200 basis points	$	(935	)	$	(225	)	$	(710	)
Down 100 basis points	$	(765	)	$	(152	)	$	(613	)

(1)

Excludes the impact of incentive fees based on pre-incentive fee net investment income.

While our 2022 Notes and our Asset-Backed Notes bear interest at a fixed rate, our Key Facility has a floating interest rate provision, subject to a floor of 0.75% per annum, based on a LIBOR index which resets monthly, and any other credit facilities into which we enter in the future may have floating interest rate provisions. We have used hedging instruments in the past to protect us against interest rate fluctuations, and we may use them in the future. Such instruments may include caps, swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the investments in our portfolio with fixed interest rates.

Because we currently fund, and expect to continue to fund, our investments with borrowings, our net income is dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest the funds borrowed. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net income. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds could increase, which would reduce our net investment income.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of September 30, 2019, we, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our periodic SEC filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, in evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of such possible controls and procedures.

(b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.

There have been no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

Item 1: Legal Proceedings.

Neither we nor our Advisor is currently subject to any material legal proceedings, nor, to our knowledge, is any material legal proceeding threatened against us or against our Advisor.

Item 1A: Risk Factors.

In addition to other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors set forth below and in “Item 1A Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. There have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the risk factors set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, except as set forth below.

Recently passed legislation will allow us to incur additional leverage.

A BDC has historically been able to issue “senior securities,” including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions, only in amounts such that its asset coverage, as defined in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such incurrence or issuance. In March 2018, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018 (which includes the SBCAA) was signed into law and amended the 1940 Act to decrease this percentage from 200% to 150% for a BDC that has received either stockholder approval or approval of a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of its board of directors of the application of such lower asset coverage ratio to the BDC. As defined in the 1940 Act, asset coverage of 150% means that for every $100 of net assets a BDC holds, it may raise up to $200 from borrowing and issuing senior securities. We received approval from our stockholders to reduce our asset coverage requirement from 200% to 150% on October 30, 2018. In addition, since our base management fee is determined and payable based upon our average adjusted gross assets, which includes any borrowings for investment purposes, our base management fee expense may increase if we incur additional leverage.

Because we intend to distribute substantially all of our income to our stockholders to maintain our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC, we will need to raise additional capital to finance our growth. If funds are not available to us, we may need to curtail new investments, and our common stock value could decline.

In order to satisfy the requirements to be treated as a RIC for federal income tax purposes, we intend to distribute to our stockholders substantially all of our investment company taxable income and net capital gains each taxable year. However, we may retain all or a portion of our net capital gains and pay applicable income taxes with respect thereto and elect to treat such retained net capital gains as deemed dividend distributions to our stockholders.

As a BDC, we are required to meet a 150% asset coverage ratio, subject to certain disclosure requirements of total assets to total senior securities, which includes all of our borrowings, and any preferred stock we may issue in the future. This requirement limits the amount we may borrow. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments or sell additional common stock and, depending on the nature of our leverage, to repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales and repayments may be disadvantageous. In addition, the issuance of additional securities could dilute the percentage ownership of our current stockholders in us.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable

Item 5: Other Information.

None.

Item 6: Exhibits.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1*		Certifications by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
31.2*		Certifications by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
32.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
32.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended

Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Horizon Technology Finance Corporation

Date: October 29, 2019	By:	/s/ Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
	Name:	Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

Date: October 29, 2019	By:	/s/ Daniel R. Trolio
	Name:	Daniel R. Trolio
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT
RULES 13a-14 AND 15d-14, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 29, 2019

By:	/s/ Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
	Chief Executive Officer and
	Chairman of the Board

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT
RULES 13a-14 AND 15d-14, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel R. Trolio, as Chief Financial Officer of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation;

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 29, 2019

By:	/s/ Daniel R. Trolio
	Daniel R. Trolio
	Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
Name:	Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
Title:	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

Date: October 29, 2019

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel R. Trolio, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Daniel R. Trolio
Name:	Daniel R. Trolio
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Date: October 29, 2019