nv2
As filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on March 19, 2010
Securities Act Registration
No. 333-
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form N-2
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
Pre-Effective Amendment
No.
o
Post-Effective Amendment
No.
o
Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as
specified in its charter)
76 Batterson Park Road
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
(Address of Principal Executive
Offices)
(860) 676-8654
(Registrants Telephone
Number, Including Area Code)
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation
76 Batterson Park Road
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
(Name and Address of Agent for
Service)
Copies to:
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Stephen C. Mahon, Esq.
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Valerie Ford Jacob, Esq.
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Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P.
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Paul D. Tropp, Esq.
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221 East Fourth Street, Suite 2900
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Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP
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Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
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One New York Plaza
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(513) 361-1200
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New York, NY 10004
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(513) 361-1201
Facsimile
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(212) 859-8000
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(212) 859-4000 Facsimile
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED PUBLIC OFFERING:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this
Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this form will be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415
under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered
in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the
following
box. o
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check the
appropriate box)
o When
declared effective pursuant to section 8(c)
If appropriate, check the following box:
o This
[post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a
previously filed [post-effective amendment][registration
statement].
o This
form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462 (b) under the Securities Act and
the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering
is .
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Proposed Maximum
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Amount of
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Aggregate
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Registration
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Title of Securities Being Registered
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Offering Price(1)
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Fee
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Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
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$125,000,000
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$8,912.50
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(1) |
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Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(o) solely for the purpose of
determining the registration fee. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that the Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such dates as the
Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may
determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed. We may not sell these securities until the Securities
and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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PROSPECTUS
(Subject to Completion)
Preliminary
Prospectus dated March 19, 2010
Shares
Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation
COMMON STOCK
We are a non-diversified closed-end management investment
company that intends to file an election to be regulated as a
business development company under the Investment Company Act of
1940. We were formed to continue and expand the business of
Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company, which commenced operations in March 2008 and
will become our wholly owned subsidiary in connection with this
offering. We are externally managed by Horizon Technology
Finance Management LLC.
Our investment objective is to generate current income
from the loans we make and capital appreciation from the
warrants we receive when making such loans. We make secured
loans to development-stage companies in the technology, life
science, healthcare information and services, and cleantech
industries.
This is our initial public offering, and there is no prior
public market for our shares. We are
offering shares
of common stock, and the selling stockholder, Compass Horizon
Partners, LP, is
offering shares
of our common stock. Following the completion of this offering,
Compass Horizon Partners, LP will own
approximately % of our common
stock.
We anticipate that the initial public offering price will
be between $ and
$ per share. We intend to apply to
have our common stock approved for listing on The NASDAQ Global
Market under the symbol HRZN.
This prospectus contains important information you should
know before investing in our common stock and should be retained
for future reference. Upon completion of this offering, we will
file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and
other information about us with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Upon closing of this offering, we will maintain a
website at
http://www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com
and intend to make all of the foregoing information available,
free of charge, on or through our website. You may also obtain
such information by contacting us at 76 Batterson Park Road,
Farmington, Connecticut 06032 or by calling us at
(860) 676-8654.
The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website at
http://www.sec.gov
where such information is available without charge upon request.
Information contained on our website is not incorporated by
reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider
information contained on our website to be part of this
prospectus.
Investing in our common stock involves
risks. See Risk Factors beginning on
page 17. Shares of closed-end investment companies, which
are structured similarly to us, frequently trade at a discount
from their net asset value. If our shares trade at a discount to
our net asset value, the risk of loss for purchasers in this
offering may increase. Purchasers in this offering will
experience immediate dilution. See Dilution.
PRICE
$
A SHARE
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Sales Load
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Proceeds, Before Expenses, to
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Price to
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(Underwriting Discount
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Horizon Technology
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Proceeds to Selling
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Public
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and Commissions)
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Finance Corporation(1)
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Stockholder(2)
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Per Share
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Total
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$
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$
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$
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$
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(1)
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We estimate that we will incur
expenses of approximately $ in
connection with this offering.
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(2)
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We will pay all offering expenses
incident to the offer and sale of shares of our common stock in
this offering by the selling stockholder. We estimate that we
will incur approximately
$ of
such expenses.
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The underwriters may also purchase up to an
additional shares
of common stock from us at the public offering price, less the
sales load, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus
to cover any over-allotments. If the underwriters exercise this
option in full, the total price to the public, sales load and
proceeds will be
$ ,
$ ,
and
$ ,
respectively.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock
to purchasers on or
about ,
2010.
MORGAN STANLEY
,
2010
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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F-1
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You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not,
authorized any other person to provide you with different
information. If anyone provides you with different or
inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not,
and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted. You should assume that the information in this
prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus.
Our business, financial condition and prospects may have changed
since that date.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This summary highlights some of the information in this
prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of the
information that you may want to consider before investing in
our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus
carefully, including Risk Factors. Horizon
Technology Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation, was
formed on March 16, 2010. The shares of common stock being
offered to investors in this offering are shares of Horizon
Technology Finance Corporation. Compass Horizon Funding Company
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as
Compass Horizon, currently owns all of our portfolio
investments and will become our wholly owned subsidiary in
connection with this offering. Except where the context suggests
otherwise, the terms we, us,
our and Company refer to Compass Horizon
and its consolidated subsidiary prior to the Share Exchange and
to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and its consolidated
subsidiaries after the Share Exchange. See The Exchange
Transaction in this prospectus for a more detailed
discussion of the Share Exchange. In addition, we refer to
Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company, as HTFM, our Advisor
or our Administrator.
From the date of its organization through the date of this
prospectus, all of the outstanding limited liability company
interests in Compass Horizon have been owned by its members,
Compass Horizon Partners, LP, an exempted limited partnership
registered in Bermuda which we refer to as CHP, and
HTF-CHF Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which
we refer to as HTF-CHF. Collectively, we refer to
CHP and HTF-CHF as the Compass Horizon Owners. CHP
is the selling stockholder in this offering.
Our
Company
We are an externally-managed, non-diversified closed-end
management investment company that intends to file an election
to be regulated as a business development company under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as
the 1940 Act. In addition, we intend to elect to be treated, and
intend to qualify, as a regulated investment company, frequently
referred to as a RIC, under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to as the
Code, commencing with our taxable year ending on
December 31, 2010. We were formed to continue and expand
the business of Compass Horizon which was formed in January 2008
and commenced operations in March 2008 and will become our
wholly owned subsidiary in connection with this offering. Our
Advisor manages our day-to-day operations and also provides all
administrative services necessary for us to operate. We invest
in development-stage companies in the technology, life science,
healthcare information and services, and cleantech industries,
which we refer to as our Target Industries. Our
investment objective is to generate current income from the
loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we
receive when making such loans. We make secured loans, which we
refer to as Technology Loans, to development-stage
companies backed by established venture capital and private
equity firms in our Target Industries, which we refer to as
Technology Lending. To a limited extent, we also
selectively lend to publicly traded companies in our Target
Industries.
Our existing loan portfolio will continue to generate revenue
for us. We believe our existing investment portfolio has
performed well since its inception notwithstanding the economic
downturn starting in 2008 and continuing through 2009, and we
have no realized losses (charge-offs) in our loan portfolio
since we commenced operations in March 2008. Our existing
portfolio of investments and loan commitments provide the
following benefits:
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Interest income from the portfolio will provide immediate income
and cash flow allowing for potential near term dividends to our
stockholders;
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Capital gains from warrants received from our existing
investments are expected to be realized sooner than if we were
beginning our initial investment operations without an existing
portfolio of earning assets; and
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Warrants issued to us through the economic downturn have
exercise prices at relatively lower valuations due to the
depressed equity and debt markets in 2008 and 2009.
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Since our inception and through December 31, 2009, we have
funded 42 portfolio companies and have invested
$160.2 million in loans (including ten loans that have been
repaid). See our Investment Summary below. As of
December 31, 2009, our total investment portfolio consisted
of 32 loans which totaled $112.6 million and our
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members capital was $59.5 million. As of
December 31, 2009, our debt portfolio consisted of 29
secured term loans in the aggregate amount of
$105.4 million, two secured revolving loans in the
aggregate amount of $3.7 million and one secured equipment
loan in the aggregate amount of $3.5 million. All of our
existing loans are secured by all or a portion of the tangible
and intangible assets of the applicable portfolio company. For
the year ended, December 31, 2009, our portfolio had a
dollar-weighted average annualized yield of approximately 13.9%
(excluding any yield from warrants). As of December 31,
2009, our loan portfolio had a dollar-weighted average term of
approximately 40 months from inception and a
dollar-weighted average remaining term of approximately
28 months. In addition, we held warrants to purchase stock
in 37 portfolio companies.
As of December 31, 2009, our loans had an original
committed principal amount of between $1 million and
$10 million, repayment terms of between 30 and
48 months, and bore current pay interest at annual interest
rates of between 10% and 14%.
Pipeline
As of December 31, 2009, we had unfunded loan commitments
to two companies, representing $5.4 million. While our
portfolio companies have discretion whether to draw down such
commitments, in some cases, the right of a company to draw down
its commitment is subject to the portfolio company achieving
specific milestones (e.g. an additional capital issuance or the
completion of a clinical trial).
As
of ,
2010, our Advisor had executed non-binding term sheets with
prospective portfolio companies, representing
$ .
These proposed investments are subject to the completion of due
diligence and our Advisors approval process, as well as
negotiation of definitive documentation with the prospective
portfolio companies and, as a result, may not result in
completed investments. In addition, as
of ,
2010, our Advisor had issued non-binding term sheets
to
companies representing $ in
potential loans. There is no guarantee that we will enter into
any of these transactions.
Our
Advisor and Its Personnel
Our investment activities are managed by HTFM, and we expect to
continue to benefit from our Advisors ability to identify
attractive investment opportunities, conduct diligence on and
value prospective investments, negotiate investments and manage
our diversified portfolio of investments. In addition to the
years that they have worked together both at our Advisor and
prior to the formation by our Advisor of the Company, the
members of our investment team have broad lending backgrounds,
with substantial experience at a variety of commercial finance
companies and private debt funds, and have developed a broad
network of contacts within the venture capital and private
equity community. This network of contacts provides a principal
source of investment opportunities.
Our Advisor is led by five senior managers, including its two
co-founders, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., our Chief Executive
Officer, and Gerald A. Michaud, our President, each of whom have
more than 23 years of experience in Technology Lending.
Christopher M. Mathieu, our SVP and Chief Financial Officer, has
more than 16 years of Technology Lending experience, and
each of John C. Bombara, our SVP and General Counsel, and Daniel
S. Devorsetz, our SVP and Chief Credit Officer, has more than
nine years experience in Technology Lending. Our Advisor has an
additional eight experienced professionals with marketing,
legal, accounting, and portfolio management experience in
Technology Lending. Our Advisors predecessor, Horizon
Technology Finance, LLC, which we refer to as HTF,
was formed in May 2003 by Messrs. Pomeroy and Michaud and
began originating loans and investments in April 2004. All of
the senior managers of our Advisor were employed by HTF prior to
the formation of our Advisor. Our Advisor assumed all of the
management operations of HTF. When we refer to our
Advisors historical performance we include the performance
of HTF.
Historical
Performance of Our Advisor
In addition to originating and managing loan and warrant
investments on behalf of Compass Horizon, our Advisor has
originated and managed similar investments on behalf of other
externally managed private funds for affiliates of two New
York-based alternative asset managers. In particular, in March
2004, HTF and an affiliate of one such manager formed and
invested in Horizon Technology Funding Company II LLC,
which we refer to as HTF II, and HTF and affiliates
of the other manager formed and invested in Horizon Technology
Funding
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Company III LLC, which we refer to as HTF III.
HTF II and HTF III co-invested in investments originated by our
Advisor in March 2004 until December 2006, after which HTF II
was the sole investor until July 2007. In July 2007, Horizon
Technology Funding Company V LLC, which we refer to as
HTF V, was formed by the investor in HTF II and
was managed by our Advisor. As of the date of this prospectus,
only the Compass Horizon fund is actively making new investments.
Including HTF II, HTF III, HTF V and Compass Horizon, our
Advisor has made 110 loans totaling approximately
$650 million in the aggregate since it commenced operations
in 2004 while only incurring losses on eight transactions
totaling approximately $11 million in the aggregate or a
cumulative loss of approximately 1.6% on the original amount
loaned. Compass Horizon has not realized any losses
(charge-offs) in its loan portfolio on any individual
investments since its inception in 2008.
The following table is a condensed summary of our Advisors
historical performance and fund raising history since its
inception for all of the funds it has managed other than Compass
Horizon. HTF II, HTF III and HTF V were capital call funds that
did not use leverage and each fund is closed to new investments.
Each of these funds had an investment mandate similar to ours.
In addition to the performance shown below, each fund listed
continues to hold warrants in private and public portfolio
companies. These warrants have the potential to increase the
annual internal rate of return, which we refer to as the
IRR, included in the table below as a result of
future warrant gains in excess of the fair value of the warrants
used to determine the IRR shown below. Under certain
circumstances, however, the warrants could also decrease the IRR
of each fund presented below. This information is not a
guarantee of future performance and is subject to risks,
uncertainties and other factors some of which are beyond our
Advisors control, including market conditions.
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IRR to Date
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Number of
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Investment Period
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Investments(2)
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Capital Invested
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12/31/09)(3)
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HTF II
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3/2004 to 12/2008
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75
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258 million
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13.5
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HTF III
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3/2004 to 12/2006
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60
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177 million
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12.9
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%
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HTF V
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7/2007 to 12/2008
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20
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65 million
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14.7
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Footnotes:
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(1)
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Horizon Technology Funding Company
I and Horizon Technology Funding Company IV were names
reserved for investment funds that were never funded and no
investments were made by these entities.
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(2)
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HTF II and HTF III co-invested in
transactions during the period March 2004 to December 2006. HTF
V and Compass Horizon co-invested in transactions from March
2008 to December 31, 2008.
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(3)
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IRR to Date shows the annual
internal rate of return on each funds investments
calculated using a mathematical formula which considers the
actual timing and size of cash flows of capital invested and
cash received by each fund, exclusive of fees paid to our
Advisor and expenses, and our Advisors assessment of the
fair value of the remaining loan and warrant portfolio
(approximately $21 million for HTF II; approximately
$1 million for HTF III; and approximately $39 million
for HTF V as of December 31, 2009). Our Advisors
assessment of fair value in respect of these funds is similar to
the fair value assessment that we will make on a regular basis
in respect of our portfolio following this offering. See
Determination of Net Asset Value for a description
of the methodology for determining the fair value of investments
to be used following this offering.
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Prior to the formation of HTF, members of senior management of
our Advisor grew a Technology Lending business for GATX
Ventures, Inc., a unit of GATX Corporation, founded and led
Transamerica Technology Finance, a division of Transamerica
Corporation, and were instrumental in the growth of Financing
for Science International, Inc., a healthcare equipment leasing
and Technology Lending company. We believe the personnel of our
Advisor have achieved strong returns at each of these
institutions throughout multiple business cycles.
Our
Strategy
Our investment objective is to maximize our investment
portfolios total return by generating current income from
the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we
receive when making such loans. We believe our Advisor has
demonstrated that its expertise in debt product development,
transaction sourcing, its knowledge of our Target Industries,
and its disciplined underwriting process create value for our
investors. We believe that this expertise results in returns
that exceed those typically available from more traditional
commercial finance products
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(such as equipment leasing or middle market lending) while
mitigating the risks typically associated with investments in
development-stage technology companies.
To further implement our business strategy, our Advisor will
continue to employ the following core strategies:
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Structured Investments in the Venture Capital and Private
Equity Markets. We make loans to
development-stage companies within our Target Industries
typically in the form of secured amortizing loans. The secured
amortizing debt structure provides a lower risk strategy, as
compared to equity investments, to participate in the emerging
technology markets, because the debt structures we typically
utilize provide collateral against the downside risk of loss,
provide return of capital in a much shorter timeframe through
current pay interest and amortization of loan principal and have
a senior position in the capital structure to equity in the case
of insolvency, wind down or bankruptcy. Unlike venture capital
and private equity-backed investments, our investment returns
and return of our capital do not require equity investment exits
such as mergers and acquisitions or initial public offerings.
Instead, we receive returns on our loans primarily through
regularly scheduled payments of principal and interest and, if
necessary, liquidation of the collateral supporting the loan.
Only the potential gains from warrants are dependent upon exits.
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Enterprise Value Lending. We take
an enterprise value approach to the loan structuring and
underwriting process. We secure a senior or subordinated lien
position against the enterprise value of a portfolio company and
generally our exposure is less than 25% of the enterprise value.
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Creative Products with Attractive Risk-Adjusted
Pricing. Each of our existing and prospective
portfolio companies has its own unique funding needs for the
capital provided from the proceeds of our Technology Loans.
These funding needs include, but are not limited to, funds for
additional development runways, funds to hire or retain sales
staff, or funds to invest in research and development in order
to reach important technical milestones in advance of raising
additional equity. Our loans include current pay interest,
commitment fees, pre-payment fees and non-utilization fees. We
believe we have developed pricing tools, structuring techniques
and valuation metrics that satisfy our portfolio companies
requirements while mitigating risk and maximizing returns on our
investments.
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Opportunity for Enhanced Returns. To enhance
our loan portfolio returns, in addition to interest and fees, we
obtain warrants to purchase the equity of our portfolio
companies, as additional consideration for making loans. The
warrants we obtain generally include a cashless
exercise provision to allow us to exercise these rights
without requiring us to make any additional cash investment.
Obtaining warrants in our portfolio companies has allowed us to
participate in the equity appreciation of our portfolio
companies which we expect will enable us to generate higher
returns for our investors.
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Direct Origination. We originate transactions
directly with technology, life science, healthcare information
and services, and cleantech companies. Since it commenced
operations in 2004, our Advisor has directly originated 110
transactions resulting in over $650 million of Technology
Loans. These transactions were referred to our Advisor from a
number of sources, including referrals from, or direct
solicitation of, venture capital and private equity firms,
portfolio company management teams, legal firms, accounting
firms, investment banks and other lenders that represent
companies within our Target Industries. Our Advisor has been the
sole or lead originator in substantially all transactions in
which the funds it managed have invested.
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Disciplined Underwriting, Diversification and Portfolio
Management. We use a disciplined underwriting
process that includes obtaining information validation from
multiple sources, extensive knowledge of our Target Industries,
comparable industry valuation metrics, and sophisticated
financial analysis related to development-stage companies. Our
Advisors due diligence on investment prospects includes
obtaining and evaluating information on the prospective
portfolio companys technology, market opportunity,
management team, fund raising history, investor support,
valuation considerations, financial condition and projections.
We seek to diversify our investment portfolio to reduce the risk
of down market cycles associated with any particular industry or
sector, development-stage or geographic area. Our Advisor
employs a hands on approach to portfolio management
requiring private portfolio companies to provide monthly
financial information and to participate in regular updates on
performance and future plans.
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Use of Leverage; SBA Debenture Program. We
believe our existing credit facility provides us with a
substantial amount of capital for deployment into new investment
opportunities. Since its inception, Compass Horizon has employed
leverage to increase its return on equity through a revolving
credit facility provided by WestLB AG, which we refer to as the
Credit Facility. The Credit Facility, pursuant to
which we expect to be able to borrow up to $125 million
upon completion of this offering, matures on March 4, 2015.
The Credit Facility will begin to amortize on March 4,
2011. In addition, on July 14, 2009, our Advisor received a
letter, which we refer to as the Move Forward
Letter, from the Investment Division of the Small Business
Administration, which we refer to as the SBA, that
invited our Advisor to continue moving forward with the
licensing of a small business investment company, or
SBIC. To the extent that our Advisor receives an
SBIC license, we expect to form an SBIC subsidiary which will
issue SBA-guaranteed debentures at long-term fixed rates. Under
the regulations applicable to SBICs, an SBIC generally may have
outstanding debentures guaranteed by the SBA in an aggregate
amount of up to twice its regulatory capital. In connection with
the filing of the SBA license application, we will be applying
for exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange
Commission, which we refer to as the SEC, to permit
us to exclude the debt of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the
SBA from the consolidated asset coverage ratio, and, if
obtained, will enable us to fund more investments with debt
capital. However, there can be no assurance that we will be
granted an SBIC license or that if granted it will be granted in
a timely manner or that we will receive the exemptive relief
from the SEC.
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Market
Opportunity
Our Target Industries. We intend to focus our
investments primarily in four key industries of the emerging
technology market: technology, life science, healthcare
information and services, and cleantech. The technology industry
sectors we intend to focus on include communications,
networking, wireless communications, data storage, software,
cloud computing, semiconductor, internet and media, and
consumer-related technologies. Life science sectors we intend to
focus on include biotechnology, drug delivery, bioinformatics,
and medical devices. Healthcare information and services sectors
we intend to focus on include diagnostics, medical record
services and software, and other healthcare related services and
technologies that improve efficiency and quality of administered
healthcare. Cleantech sectors we intend to focus on include
alternative energy, water purification, energy efficiency, green
building materials, and waste recycling.
Technology Lending. We believe that Technology
Lending has the potential to achieve enhanced returns that are
attractive notwithstanding the increased level of risk
associated with lending to development-stage companies.
Potential benefits include:
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interest rates that typically exceed rates that would be
available to portfolio companies if they could borrow in
traditional commercial financing transactions;
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the loan support provided by cash proceeds from equity capital
invested by venture capital and private equity firms;
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relatively rapid amortization of loans;
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senior ranking to equity and collateralization of loans to
minimize potential loss of capital; and
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potential equity appreciation through warrants.
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We believe that Technology Lending also provides an attractive
financing source for portfolio companies, their management teams
and their equity capital investors, as it:
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is typically less dilutive to the equity holders than additional
equity financing;
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extends the time period during which a portfolio company can
operate before seeking additional equity capital or pursuing a
sale transaction or other liquidity event; and
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allows portfolio companies to better match cash sources with
uses.
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Market Size. Our Advisor estimates, based upon
our 16 years of experience making Technology Loans to
companies in our Target Industries, that during such period the
ratio of the aggregate principal amount of debt
5
investments made to the aggregate capital invested by venture
capital investors has been approximately 10% to 20%. According
to Dow Jones VentureSource, $21.4 billion of venture
capital equity was invested in companies in our Target
Industries during 2009. Accordingly, based on our Advisors
past experience, we would estimate that the size of the
Technology Loan market for 2009 was in the range of
approximately $2.1 billion to $4.2 billion. We believe
that the market for Technology Loans should grow over the next
several years based upon several factors. We believe the level
of venture capital investment for 2009 is at a cyclical low, as
shown by the $32.2 billion and $31.0 billion of
venture capital investment for 2007 and 2008, respectively, as
reported by Dow Jones VentureSource. We believe that the
comparable period of 2009 in the venture capital investment
cycle is 2003, because 2003 represented the last period of
decline in the amount of venture capital investment following
the burst of the technology bubble in 2000. Venture capital
investment steadily increased from $22.9 billion in 2004 to
$32.2 billion in 2007 as, reported by Dow Jones
VentureSource, representing a compounded annual growth rate of
8.9% for that period. Our belief that 2009 was a low point in
the venture capital investment cycle is further supported by the
fact that the amount of venture capital investment in the last
three quarters of 2009 increased from a 13 year low of
$4.2 billion in the first quarter of 2009 to
$5.6 billion in the second quarter of 2009,
$5.4 billion in the third quarter of 2009, and
$6.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2009. The potential
for future growth in the market for Technology Loans is also
supported by the fact that, according to Dow Jones
VentureSource, there was $17 billion of liquidity events
related to M&A and IPO activity for companies in our Target
Industries in 2009, of which $7.3 billion was generated in
the fourth quarter, representing 44% of the total activity for
the year. This not only returns capital to investors which can
be reinvested in venture capital investments, but also makes
venture capital a more attractive investment class to investors,
thus attracting additional capital. In addition, nearer term
exits for venture capital investors, reinforces Technology Loans
as a cheaper financing alternative than venture capital for
companies in our Target Industries and their investors, thus
driving up demand for Technology Loans.
Portfolio Company Valuations. According to Dow
Jones VentureSource, from 2007 through 2009 valuations of
existing companies in our Target Industries significantly
decreased, as they did for most asset classes. We believe this
decrease was due to general macroeconomic conditions, including
lower demand for products and services, lack of availability of
capital and investors decreased risk tolerance. We believe
the decrease in valuations in our Target Industries caused by
macroeconomic factors may present a cyclical opportunity to
participate in warrant gains in excess of those which are
typically experienced by Technology Lenders. Our future
portfolio companies may not only increase in value due to their
successful technology development
and/or
revenue growth, but as macroeconomic conditions improve,
valuations may also increase due to the general increase in
demand for goods and services, the greater availability of
capital and an increase in investor risk tolerance. An example
of the positive and negative macroeconomic impact on valuations
last occurred in the years between 2001 and 2005. Following the
macroeconomic impact of the technology downturn of 2001 and the
events of 9/11, according to Dow Jones
VentureSource, median valuations for venture capital backed
technology-related financing fell from $25 million at
December 2000 to $10 million at January 2003, but by
December 2005, median valuations for venture capital backed
technology related financings had risen to $15 million.
Competitive
Strengths
We believe that we, together with our Advisor, possess
significant competitive strengths, including:
Consistently execute commitments and close
transactions. Our Advisor and its senior
management and investment professionals have an extensive track
record of originating, underwriting and closing Technology
Loans. Our Advisor has directly originated, underwritten, and
managed more than 110 Technology Loans with an aggregate
original principal amount of $650 million since it
commenced operations in 2004 to the present. In our experience,
prospective portfolio companies prefer lenders that have
demonstrated their ability to deliver on their commitments. Our
Advisors ability to deliver on its commitments has
resulted in satisfied portfolio companies, management teams and
venture capital and private equity investors and created an
extensive base of transaction sources and references for our
Advisor.
Robust direct origination capabilities. Our
Advisors managing directors each have significant
experience originating Technology Loans in our Target
Industries. This experience has given each managing director a
deep knowledge of our Target Industries and, assisted by their
long standing working relationships with our Advisors
senior management and our Advisors brand name recognition
in our market, has resulted in a steady flow of high
6
quality investment opportunities that are consistent with the
strategic vision and expectations of our Advisors senior
management. The combination of the managing directors
experience and their close working relationship with our
Advisors senior management, together with the extensive
base of transaction sources and references generated by our
Advisors active participation in the Technology Lending
market, has created an efficient marketing and sales
organization.
Access to capital. Since it commenced
operations in 2004, our Advisor has always had access to capital
which allowed it to consistently offer Technology Loans to
companies in our Target Industries, including offering loans
through Compass Horizon during the difficult economic markets of
2008 and 2009. Our Advisors demonstrated access to
capital, including through the Credit Facility, has created
awareness among companies in our Target Industries of our
Advisors consistent ability to make Technology Loans
without interruption in all market conditions, thus making our
Advisor a trusted source for Technology Loans to companies,
their management teams and their venture capital and private
equity investors.
Highly experienced and cohesive management
team. Our Advisor has had the same senior
management team of experienced professionals since its
inception, thereby creating awareness among companies in our
Target Industries, their management and their investors that
prospective portfolio companies of Horizon will receive
consistent and predictable service, in terms of available loan
products and economic terms, underwriting requirements, loan
closing process and portfolio management. This consistency
allows companies, their management teams and their investors to
predict likely outcomes when expending resources in seeking and
obtaining Technology Loans from us. Companies may not have the
same level of predictability when dealing with other lenders in
the Technology Lending market.
Relationships with venture capital and private equity
investors. Our Advisors senior management
team and managing directors have developed a comprehensive
knowledge of the venture capital and private equity firms and
their partners that participate in our Target Industries.
Because of our Advisors senior management and managing
directors demonstrated history of delivering loan
commitments and value to many of these firms portfolio
companies, our Advisor has developed strong relationships with
many of these firms and their partners. The strength and breadth
of our Advisors venture capital and private equity
relationships would take considerable time and expense to
develop. We will rely on these relationships to implement our
business plan.
Well-known brand name. Our Advisor has
originated over $650 million in Technology Loans to more
than 110 companies in our Target Industries under the
Horizon Technology Finance brand. Each of these
companies is backed by one or more venture capital or private
equity firms, thus creating a network of Target Industry
companies and equity sponsors who know of, and have worked with,
Horizon Technology Finance. In addition, our Advisor
has attended, participated in, or moderated venture lending or
alternative financing panel sessions at venture capital,
technology, life sciences and other industry related events over
the past six years. This pro-active participation in the lending
market for our Target Industries has created strong and positive
brand name recognition for our Advisor. We believe that the
Horizon Technology Finance brand is a competent,
knowledgeable and active participant in the Technology Lending
marketplace and will continue to result in a significant number
of referrals and prospective investment opportunities in our
Target Industries.
7
Investment
Summary
The following table summarizes our total original funded
investments since inception, including ten loans that have been
fully repaid. See Business General for a
description of the general terms of our loans and other
investments.
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Portfolio Company
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Target Industry
Sector
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Investment
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Advanced Biohealing, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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5,000,000
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Ambit Biosciences Corporation
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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2,000,000
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Anesiva, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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3,333,333
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Arcot Systems, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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1,250,000
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Authoria, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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1,575,000
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BioScale, Inc.
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Healthcare Information and Services Diagnostics
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$
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4,000,000
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Brix Networks, Inc.
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Technology Communications
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$
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3,150,000
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Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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4,800,001
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Clarabridge, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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2,250,000
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Concentric Medical, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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3,333,333
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Configuresoft, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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1,750,000
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Courion Corporation
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Technology Software
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$
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2,500,000
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DriveCam, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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4,200,000
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EnteroMedics, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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5,000,000
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F&S Health Care Services, Inc.
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Healthcare Information and Services Diagnostics
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$
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7,500,000
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Genesis Networks, Inc.
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Technology Networking
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$
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4,000,000
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Grab Networks, Inc.
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Technology Networking
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$
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4,000,000
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Hatteras Networks, Inc.
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Technology Communications
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$
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3,500,000
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Impinj, Inc.
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Technology Semiconductor
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$
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1,000,000
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IntelePeer, Inc.
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Technology Networking
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$
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4,000,000
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iSkoot, INC
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Technology Software
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$
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4,000,000
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Mall Networks
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Technology Internet and media
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$
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2,500,000
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Motion Computing, Inc.
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Technology Networking
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$
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5,000,000
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Netuitive, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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1,000,000
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NewRiver, Inc.
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Technology Software
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$
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4,000,000
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Novalar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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5,000,000
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Pharmasset, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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10,000,000
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PixelOptics, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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5,000,000
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Plateau Systems, Ltd.
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Technology Software
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$
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2,500,000
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Precision Therapeutics, Inc.
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Healthcare Information and Services Diagnostics
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$
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5,000,000
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Revance Therapeutics, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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4,000,000
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SnagAJob.com, Inc.
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Technology Consumer-related technologies
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$
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3,500,000
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Softrax Corporation
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Technology Software
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$
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2,000,000
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StarCite, Inc.
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Technology Consumer-related technologies
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$
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4,000,000
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Tagged, Inc.
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Technology Consumer-related technologies
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$
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3,000,000
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Tengion, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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5,772,622
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Transave, Inc.
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Life Science Biotechnology
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$
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5,099,990
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Vette Corp.
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Technology Datacenter storage
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$
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5,000,000
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ViOptix, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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2,000,000
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Waterfront Media Inc.
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Technology Consumer-related technologies
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$
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5,000,000
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XIOTech Corporation
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Technology Data Storage
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$
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5,000,000
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Xoft, Inc.
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Life Science Medical Device
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$
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3,701,000
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Total investment
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$
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160,215,279
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8
Distribution
and Share Exchange
We were formed in March 2010 to continue and expand the business
of Compass Horizon. Compass Horizon is the entity that currently
owns all of the portfolio investments that we will own upon the
closing of this offering. Prior to the completion of this
offering, Compass Horizon intends to make a cash distribution to
CHP of $ from net interest and
other loan income and net capital gains and
$ million as a return of
capital, which we refer to as the Pre-IPO
Distribution. After the Pre-IPO Distribution and
immediately prior to the completion of this offering, the
Compass Horizon Owners will exchange their membership interests
in Compass Horizon for shares of our common stock (assuming this
offering is priced at the mid-point of the range set forth on
the cover of this prospectus), which we refer to as the
Share Exchange. Upon completion of the Share
Exchange and this offering, Compass Horizon will become our
wholly owned subsidiary, and we will effectively own all of
Compass Horizons assets, including all of its investments.
Risk
Factors
The value of our assets, as well as the market price of our
shares, will fluctuate. Our investments may be risky, and you
may lose all or part of your investment in us. Investing in us
involves other risks, including the following:
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We have not yet identified many of the potential investment
opportunities for our portfolio that we will invest in with the
proceeds of this offering;
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If our investments do not meet our performance expectations, you
may not receive distributions;
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Most of our portfolio companies will need additional capital,
which may not be readily available;
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Economic recessions or downturns could adversely affect our
business and that of our portfolio companies which may have an
adverse effect on our business results of operations and
financial condition;
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We have a limited operating history and may not be able to
achieve our investment objective or generate sufficient revenue
to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and your
investment in us could decline substantially;
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We may not replicate the historical results achieved by Compass
Horizon or other entities managed or sponsored by members of our
Advisor and its affiliates;
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Neither we nor our Advisor has any experience operating under
the constraints imposed on a business development company, which
may affect our ability to manage our business and impair your
ability to assess our prospects;
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We are dependent upon key personnel of our Advisor and our
Advisors ability to hire and retain qualified personnel;
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Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock, and we cannot assure you that the market price of
shares of our common stock will not decline following the
offering;
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If we are unable to satisfy the requirements under the Code for
qualification as a RIC, we will be subject to corporate-level
federal income tax;
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Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public
market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our
common stock;
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Our common stock price may be volatile and may decrease
substantially; and
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We may allocate the net proceeds from this offering in ways with
which you may not agree.
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See Risk Factors and the other information included
in this prospectus, for a more detailed discussion of the
material risks you should carefully consider before deciding to
invest in our common stock.
9
Company
Information
Our administrative and executive offices are located at 76
Batterson Park Road, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, and our
telephone number is
(860) 676-8654.
We expect to establish a website at
http://www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com
upon completion of this offering. Information contained on
our website is not incorporated by reference into this
prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on
our website to be part of this prospectus.
10
THE
OFFERING
Common stock
offered:
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By us |
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shares |
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By the selling stockholder |
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shares
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Total |
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shares |
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Over-allotment option |
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shares |
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Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering |
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shares,
excluding shares
of common stock issuable pursuant to the over-allotment option
granted to the underwriters. |
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Proposed NASDAQ Global Market symbol |
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HRZN |
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Use of proceeds |
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We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from our sale of
shares of common stock in this offering of approximately $
(approximately $ if the
underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase
additional shares in full), assuming an initial public offering
price of $ per share (based on the
mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of this
prospectus), after deducting underwriting discounts and
commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We
plan to use the net proceeds of this offering for new
investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our
investment objective and strategies as described in this
prospectus, for general working capital purposes, and for
temporary repayment of debt. We will also pay operating
expenses, including management and administrative fees, and may
pay other expenses such as due diligence expenses of potential
new investments, from the net proceeds of this offering. We may
also use a portion of the net proceeds to capitalize an SBIC
subsidiary to the extent our Advisors application to
license such entity as an SBIC is approved. Pending such use, we
will invest the remaining net proceeds of this offering
primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities
and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year
or less from the date of investment. See Use of
Proceeds. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the
shares sold by the selling stockholder. |
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Investment Management Agreement |
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We have entered into an investment management agreement with our
Advisor, under which our Advisor, subject to the overall
supervision of our board of directors, manages our day-to-day
operations and provides investment advisory services to us. For
providing these services, our Advisor receives a base management
fee from us, paid monthly in arrears, at an annual rate of 2.00%
of our gross assets, including any assets acquired with the
proceeds of leverage. The investment management agreement also
provides that our Advisor or its affiliates may be entitled to
an incentive fee under certain circumstances. The incentive fee
has two parts, which are independent of each other, with the
result that one part may be payable even if the other is not.
Under the first part we will pay our Advisor each quarter 20.00%
of the amount by which our accrued net income for the quarter
after expenses and excluding the effect of any realized capital
gains and losses and any unrealized appreciation and
depreciation for the |
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quarter exceeds 1.75% (which is 7.00% annualized) of our average
net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar
quarter, subject to a
catch-up
feature. Under the second part of the incentive fee, we will pay
our Advisor at the end of each calendar year 20.00% of our
realized capital gains from inception through the end of that
year, computed net of all realized capital losses and all
unrealized depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the
aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive
fees. The second part of the incentive fee is not subject to any
minimum return to stockholders. The investment management
agreement provides that we will reimburse our Advisor for costs
and expenses incurred by our Advisor for office space rental,
office equipment and utilities allocable to the performance by
our Advisor of its duties under that agreement; various
non-overhead expenses such as due diligence, monitoring and
enforcement of our rights; any costs and expenses incurred by
our Advisor relating to any non-investment advisory,
administrative or operating services provided by our Advisor to
us. The investment management agreement may be terminated by
either party without penalty by delivering written notice to the
other party upon not more than 60 days written
notice. See Investment Management and Administration
Agreements Investment Management Agreement. |
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Distributions |
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In connection with certain RIC requirements described below in
Taxation, we intend to distribute
quarterly dividends to stockholders beginning with our first
full quarter after the completion of this offering. Our
quarterly distributions, if any, will be determined by our board
of directors. |
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Taxation |
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We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify, as a
RIC under Subchapter M of the Code commencing with our taxable
year ending on December 31, 2010. As a RIC, we generally
will not pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any
ordinary income or capital gains that we timely distribute to
our stockholders as dividends. To maintain our RIC status, we
must meet specified source-of-income and asset diversification
requirements and distribute annually at least 90% of our net
ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in
excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. See
Distributions and Material U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations. |
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Borrowings |
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As of December 31, 2009, we had $64.2 million of
indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Facility. We will
borrow additional money or issue debt securities within the
levels permitted by the 1940 Act when the terms and conditions
available are favorable to long-term investing and well-aligned
with our investment strategy and portfolio composition in an
effort to increase returns to our common stockholders. Borrowing
involves significant risks. See Risk Factors. |
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Trading at a Discount |
|
Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a
discount to their net asset value. The possibility that our
shares may trade at a discount to our net asset value is
separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per
share may decline. Our net asset value immediately following
this offering will reflect reductions resulting from the sales
load and the amount of the organization and offering expenses
paid by us. This risk may have a greater effect on |
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investors expecting to sell their shares soon after completion
of the public offering, and our shares may be more appropriate
for long-term investors than for investors with shorter
investment horizons. We cannot predict whether our shares will
trade above, at or below net asset value. |
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Dividend Reinvestment Plan |
|
We are adopting a dividend reinvestment plan for our
stockholders. This will be an opt out dividend
reinvestment plan. As a result, if we declare cash
distributions, each stockholders cash distributions will
be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common
stock unless they specifically opt out of our
dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash distributions.
Stockholders who receive distributions in the form of shares of
common stock will be subject to the same federal income tax
consequences as if they received their distributions in cash.
See Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
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Anti-Takeover Provisions |
|
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as certain
statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain
provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third
party from making an acquisition proposal for us. These
anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in
circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock
the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price for
our common stock. See Description of Capital Stock. |
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In addition, our board of directors will be divided into three
classes with the term of one class expiring at each annual
meeting of stockholders. This structure is intended to provide
us with a greater likelihood of continuity of management. A
staggered board of directors also may serve to deter hostile
takeovers or proxy contests, as may certain other measures we
have adopted. See Description of Capital Stock. |
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Administration Agreement |
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Under a separate administration agreement, our Advisor will also
serve as our administrator. We will reimburse our Advisor for
the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by
our Advisor in performing its obligations under the
Administration Agreement, including furnishing us with office
facilities, equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record
keeping services at such facilities, as well as providing us
with other administrative services. In addition, we will
reimburse our Advisor for the fees and expenses associated with
performing compliance functions, and our allocable portion of
the compensation of our chief financial officer and chief
compliance officer and their respective staffs. See
Investment Management and Administration
Agreement Administration Agreement. |
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Available Information |
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We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form N-2
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities
Act, which contains additional information about us and the
shares of our common stock being offered by this prospectus.
After completion of this offering, we will be obligated to file
periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with
the SEC. This information will be available at the SECs
public reference room in Washington, D.C. and on the
SECs website at
http://www.sec.gov. |
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Upon closing of this offering, we will maintain a website at
http://www.horizontechnologyfinancecorp.com
and intend to make |
13
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all of our annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy
statements and other publicly filed information available, free
of charge, on or through our website. You may also obtain such
information by contacting us at 76 Batterson Park Road,
Farmington, Connecticut 06032, or by calling us at
(860) 676-8654.
Information contained on our website is not incorporated by
reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider
information contained on our website to be part of this
prospectus. |
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See Where You Can Find More Information. |
Unless the context otherwise requires, the number of shares of
our common stock to be outstanding immediately following the
completion of this offering is based on the number of shares
outstanding as
of ,
2010 and assumes the sale
of
shares of our common stock by the selling stockholder and the
issuance
of
shares of our common stock in this offering at the mid-point of
the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Unless
otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus assumes no
exercise by the underwriters of their right to purchase up
to shares
of common stock to cover over-allotments.
14
FEES AND
EXPENSES
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding
the costs and expenses that an investor in this offering will
bear directly or indirectly. However, we caution you that some
of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates
and may vary. The following table and example should not be
considered a representation of our future expenses. Actual
expenses may be greater or less than shown. Except where the
context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a
reference to fees or expenses paid by you or
us or that we will pay fees or expenses,
stockholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as
investors in the Company.
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Stockholder Transaction Expenses
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Sales Load (as a percentage of offering price)
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%(1)
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Offering Expenses (as a percentage of offering price)
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%(2)
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Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees
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None
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(3)
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Total Stockholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of
offering price)
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%
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Estimated Annual Expenses (as a Percentage of Net Assets
Attributable to Common Stock)
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Base Management Fees
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%(4)
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Incentive Fees Payable Under the Investment Management Agreement
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%(5)
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
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%(6)
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Other Expenses
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%(7)
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Total Annual Expenses (estimated)
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%(4)(7)
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(1)
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The underwriting discounts and
commissions with respect to shares sold in this offering, which
are one-time fees to the underwriters in connection with this
offering, is the only sales load being paid in connection with
this offering.
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(2)
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Amount reflects estimated offering
expenses of approximately $ .
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(3)
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The expenses of the dividend
reinvestment plan are included in other expenses.
See Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
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(4)
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Our base management fee under the
investment management agreement is based on our gross assets and
is payable monthly in arrears. See Investment Management
and Administration Agreements Investment Management
Agreement.
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(5)
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Based on our current business plan,
we anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds of this
offering will be used within nine months, depending on the
availability of appropriate investment opportunities, consistent
with our investment objective and market conditions. We expect
that during this period we will not have any capital gains and
that the amount of our interest income will not exceed the
quarterly minimum hurdle rate discussed below. As a result, we
do not anticipate paying any incentive fees in the first year
after the completion of this offering.
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The incentive fee consists of two
parts:
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The first part, which is payable
quarterly in arrears, will equal 20.00% of the excess, if any,
of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income over
a 1.75% quarterly (7.00% annualized) hurdle rate and a
catch-up
provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under
this provision, in any calendar quarter, our Advisor receives no
incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle
rate of 1.75% but then receives, as a
catch-up,
100.00% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with
respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment
income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than
2.1875%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive
fee net investment income exceeds 2.1875% in any calendar
quarter, our Advisor will receive 20.00% of our pre-incentive
fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply. The
first part of the incentive fee will be computed and paid on
income that may include interest that is accrued but not yet
received in cash.
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The second part of the incentive
fee will equal 20.00% of our Incentive Fee Capital
Gains, if any, which will equal our realized capital gains
on a cumulative basis from inception through the end of each
calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and
unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the
aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive
fees. The second part of the incentive fee will be payable, in
arrears, at the end of each calendar year (or upon termination
of the investment management agreement, as of the termination
date), commencing with the year ending December 31, 2010.
For a more detailed discussion of the calculation of this fee,
see Investment Management and Administration
Agreements Investment Management Agreement.
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(6)
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We will borrow funds from time to
time to make investments to the extent we determine that the
economic situation is conducive to doing so. The costs
associated with our borrowings are indirectly borne by our
investors. As of December 31, 2009, we had
$64.2 million outstanding under our Credit Facility. For
purposes of this section, we have computed interest expense
using the balance outstanding at, and the LIBOR rate on,
December 31, 2009 and the interest rate on our Credit
Facility of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The LIBOR rate on
December 31, 2009 was 0.23%. We have also included the
estimated amortization of fees incurred in establishing our
Credit Facility. We may also issue preferred stock, subject to
our compliance with applicable requirements under the 1940 Act.
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15
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(7)
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Includes estimated organizational
expenses of $ (which are non-recurring) and our assumed overhead
expenses, including payments under the administration agreement
based on our projected assumed allocable portion of overhead and
other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its
obligations under the administration agreement. See
Investment Management and Administration
Agreements Administration Agreement.
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Example
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount
of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various
periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common
stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have
assumed that our only debt outstanding is $64.2 million
under our Credit Facility and our annual operating expenses
remain at the levels set forth in the table above.
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1 Year
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3 Years
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5 Years
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10 Years
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You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment,
assuming a 5% annual return
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$
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$
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$
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$
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While the example assumes, as required by the applicable rules
of the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and
may result in a return greater or less than 5%. The incentive
fee under our investment management agreement is unlikely to be
significant assuming a 5% annual return and is not included in
the example. If we achieve sufficient returns on our
investments, including through the realization of capital gains,
to trigger an incentive fee of a material amount, our
distributions to our common stockholders and our expenses would
likely be higher. In addition, while the example assumes
reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions at net
asset value, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan will
receive a number of shares of our common stock determined by
dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to
a participant by the market price per share of our common stock
at the close of trading on the valuation date for the
distribution. This price may be at, above or below net asset
value. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan for additional
information regarding our dividend reinvestment plan.
16
RISK
FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.
Before you invest in shares of our common stock, you should be
aware of various risks, including those described below. You
should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all
of the other information included in this prospectus, before you
decide whether to make an investment in our common stock. The
risks set forth below are not the only risks we face. If any of
the following events occur, our business, financial condition
and results of operations could be materially adversely
affected. In such case, our net asset value and the trading
price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or
part of your investment.
Risks
Related to our Investments
We
have not yet identified many of the potential investment
opportunities for our portfolio that we will invest in with the
proceeds of this offering.
We have not yet identified many of the potential investment
opportunities for our portfolio that we will acquire with the
proceeds of this offering. Our investments will be selected by
our Advisor, subject to the approval of its investment
committee. Our stockholders will not have input into our
Advisors investment decisions. As a result, you will be
unable to evaluate any future portfolio company investments
prior to purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.
These factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk,
of investing in our shares of common stock.
If our
investments do not meet our performance expectations, you may
not receive distributions.
We intend to make distributions of income on a quarterly basis
to our stockholders. We may not be able to achieve operating
results that will allow us to make distributions at a specific
level or increase the amount of these distributions from time to
time. In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to
us as a business development company, we may be limited in our
ability to make distributions. See Regulation. Also,
restrictions and provisions in any existing or future credit
facilities may limit our ability to make distributions. If we do
not distribute a certain percentage of our income annually, we
will suffer adverse tax consequences, including failure to
obtain, or possible loss of, the federal income tax benefits
allowable to RICs. See Material U.S. Federal Income
Tax Considerations. We cannot assure you that you will
receive distributions at a particular level or at all.
Most
of our portfolio companies will need additional capital, which
may not be readily available.
Our portfolio companies will typically require substantial
additional financing to satisfy their continuing working capital
and other capital requirements and service the interest and
principal payments on our investments. We cannot predict the
circumstances or market conditions under which our portfolio
companies will seek additional capital. Each round of
institutional equity financing is typically intended to provide
a company with only enough capital to reach the next stage of
development. It is possible that one or more of our portfolio
companies will not be able to raise additional financing or may
be able to do so only at a price or on terms that are
unfavorable to the portfolio company, either of which would
negatively impact our investment returns. Some of these
companies may be unable to obtain sufficient financing from
private investors, public capital markets or lenders thereby
requiring these companies to cease or curtail business
operations. Accordingly, investing in these types of companies
generally entails a higher risk of loss than investing in
companies that do not have significant incremental capital
raising requirements.
Economic
recessions or downturns could adversely affect our business and
that of our portfolio companies which may have an adverse effect
on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
General economic conditions may affect our activities and the
operation and value of our portfolio companies. Economic
slowdowns or recessions may result in a decrease of
institutional equity investment, which would limit our lending
opportunities. Furthermore, many of our portfolio companies may
be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be
unable to repay our loans during these periods. Therefore, our
non-performing assets are likely to increase and the value of
our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods.
Adverse
17
economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral
securing some of our loans and the value of our equity
investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to
financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues,
net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also
could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the
capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend
credit to us.
A portfolio companys failure to satisfy financial or
operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to
defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and
foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger
cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the
portfolio companys ability to meet its obligations under
the loans that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent
necessary to recover our investment upon default or to negotiate
new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. These events
could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our
investment strategy will focus on development-stage companies in
our Target Industries, which are subject to many risks,
including volatility, intense competition, shortened product
life cycles and periodic downturns.
We intend to invest, under normal circumstances, most of the
value of our total assets (including the amount of any
borrowings for investment purposes) in development-stage
companies, which may have relatively limited operating
histories, in our Target Industries. Many of these companies may
have narrow product lines and small market shares, compared to
larger established publicly-owned firms, which tend to render
them more vulnerable to competitors actions and market
conditions, as well as general economic downturns. The revenues,
income (or losses) and valuations of development-stage companies
in our Target Industries can and often do fluctuate suddenly and
dramatically. These companies may also have more limited access
to capital and higher funding costs. In addition,
development-stage technology markets are generally characterized
by abrupt business cycles and intense competition, and the
competitive environment can change abruptly due to rapidly
evolving technology. Therefore, our portfolio companies may face
considerably more risk than companies in other industry sectors.
Accordingly, these factors could impair their cash flow or
result in other events, such as bankruptcy, which could limit
their ability to repay their obligations to us and may
materially adversely affect the return on, or the recovery of,
our investments in these businesses.
Because of rapid technological change, the average selling
prices of products and some services provided by
development-stage companies in our Target Industries have
historically decreased over their productive lives. These
decreases could adversely affect their operating results and
cash flow, their ability to meet obligations under their debt
securities and the value of their equity securities. This could,
in turn, materially adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
Any
unrealized depreciation we experience on our loan portfolio may
be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce
our income available for distribution.
As a business development company, we will be required to carry
our investments at fair value which shall be the market value of
our investments or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the
fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures
approved by our board of directors in accordance with our
valuation policy. We are not permitted to maintain a reserve for
loan losses. Decreases in the fair values of our investments
will be recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized
depreciation in our loan portfolio could be an indication of a
portfolio companys inability to meet its repayment
obligations to us with respect to the affected loans. This could
result in realized losses in the future and ultimately reduces
our income available for distribution in future periods.
If the
assets securing the loans we make decrease in value, we may not
have sufficient collateral to cover losses and may experience
losses upon foreclosure.
We believe our portfolio companies generally will be able to
repay our loans from their available capital, from future
capital-raising transactions or from cash flow from operations.
However, to mitigate our credit risks, we typically take a
security interest in all or a portion of the assets of our
portfolio companies, including the equity interests of their
subsidiaries. There is a risk that the collateral securing our
loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to
appraise or sell in a timely manner and may fluctuate in value
based upon the business and market
18
conditions, including as a result of the inability of the
portfolio company to raise additional capital, and, in some
circumstances, our lien could be subordinated to claims of other
creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio
companys financial condition and prospects, including its
inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by
deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan.
Consequently, although such loan is secured we may not receive
principal and interest payments according to the loans
terms and the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to
recover our investment should we be forced to enforce our
remedies.
In addition, because we intend to invest in development-stage
companies in our Target Industries, a substantial portion of the
assets securing our investment may be in the form of
intellectual property, if any, inventory, equipment, cash and
accounts receivables. Intellectual property, if any, which
secures a loan could lose value if the companys rights to
the intellectual property are challenged or if the
companys license to the intellectual property is revoked
or expires. In addition, in lieu of a security interest in the
intellectual property we may sometimes only obtain a commitment
by the portfolio company not to grant liens to any other
creditor on the companys intellectual property. In these
cases, we may have additional difficulty recovering our
principal in the event of a foreclosure. Similarly, any
equipment securing our loan may not provide us with the
anticipated security if there are changes in technology or
advances in new equipment that render the particular equipment
obsolete or of limited value or if the company fails to
adequately maintain or repair the equipment. Any one or more of
the preceding factors could materially impair our ability to
recover principal in a foreclosure.
The
lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our
business, and if we need to sell any of our investments, we may
not be able to do so at a favorable price. As a result, we may
suffer losses.
We plan to generally invest in loans with terms of up to four
years and hold such investments until maturity, unless earlier
prepaid, and we do not expect that our related holdings of
equity securities will provide us with liquidity opportunities
in the near-term. We expect to primarily invest in companies
whose securities are not publicly-traded, and whose securities
will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or
will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities.
The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for
us to sell these investments when desired. We may also face
other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in
a public portfolio company to the extent that we possess
material non-public information regarding the portfolio company.
In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of
our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than
the value at which we had previously recorded these investments.
As a result, we do not expect to dispose of our investments in
the near term. However, we may be required to do so in order to
maintain our qualification as a business development company and
as a RIC if we do not satisfy one or more of the applicable
criteria under the respective regulatory frameworks. Because
most of our investments are illiquid, we may be unable to
dispose of them, in which case we could fail to qualify as a RIC
and/or BDC,
or we may not be able to dispose of them at favorable prices,
and as a result, we may suffer losses.
Our
portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or
senior to, our investments in such companies.
We plan to invest primarily in loans issued by our portfolio
companies. Some of our portfolio companies will be permitted to
have other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our loans
in the portfolio company. By their terms, these debt instruments
may provide that the holders thereof are entitled to receive
payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which
we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our loans.
These debt instruments may prohibit the portfolio companies from
paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event of,
and during, the continuance of a default under the debt
instruments. In addition, in the event of insolvency,
liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a
portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to
our investment in that portfolio company would typically be
entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any
payment in respect of our investment. After repaying senior
creditors, a portfolio company may not have any remaining assets
to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt
ranking equally with our loans, we would have to share on an
equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such
debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution,
reorganization or bankruptcy.
19
There
may be circumstances where our loans could be subordinated to
claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender
liability claims.
Even though we may structure certain of our investments as
senior loans, if one of our portfolio companies were to go
bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including
the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance
to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might
recharacterize our debt investment and subordinate all or a
portion of our claim to that of other creditors. We may also be
subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by us with
respect to a portfolio companys business, including in
rendering significant managerial assistance, or instances where
we exercise control over the portfolio company.
An
investment strategy focused primarily on privately held
companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of
available information about these companies, a dependence on the
talents and efforts of only a few key portfolio company
personnel and a greater vulnerability to economic
downturns.
We plan to invest primarily in privately held companies.
Generally, very little public information exists about these
companies, and we will be required to rely on the ability of our
Advisor to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential
returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to
uncover all material information about these companies, we may
not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose
money on our investments. Also, privately held companies
frequently have less diverse product lines and a smaller market
presence than larger competitors. They are thus generally more
vulnerable to economic downturns and may experience substantial
variations in operating results. These factors could affect our
investment returns.
In addition, our success depends, in large part, upon the
abilities of the key management personnel of our portfolio
companies, who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of
our portfolio companies. Competition for qualified personnel is
intense at any stage of a companys development. The loss
of one or more key managers can hinder or delay a companys
implementation of its business plan and harm its financial
condition. Our portfolio companies may not be able to attract
and retain qualified managers and personnel. Any inability to do
so may negatively affect our investment returns.
Prepayments
of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could
adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return
on equity.
We will be subject to the risk that the investments we make in
our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. For
example, most of our debt investments have, historically, been
repaid prior to maturity by our portfolio companies. At the time
of a liquidity event, such as a sale of the business,
refinancing or public offering, many of our portfolio companies
have availed themselves of the opportunity to repay our loans
prior to maturity. Our investments generally allow for repayment
at any time subject to certain penalties. When this occurs, we
will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments,
pending their future investment in new portfolio companies.
These temporary investments will typically have substantially
lower yields than the debt being prepaid, and we could
experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any
future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at
lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our
results of operations could be materially adversely affected if
one or more of our portfolio companies elects to prepay amounts
owed to us. Additionally, prepayments could negatively impact
our return on equity, which could result in a decline in the
market price of our common stock.
Our
business and growth strategy could be adversely affected if
government regulations, priorities and resources impacting the
industries in which our portfolio companies operate
change.
Some of our portfolio companies operate in industries that are
highly regulated by federal, state
and/or local
agencies. Changes in existing laws, rules or regulations, or
judicial or administrative interpretations thereof, or new laws,
rules or regulations could have an adverse impact on the
business and industries of our portfolio companies. In addition,
changes in government priorities or limitations on government
resources could also adversely impact our portfolio companies.
We are unable to predict whether any such changes in laws, rules
or regulations will occur and, if they do occur, the impact of
these changes on our portfolio companies and our investment
returns.
20
Our
portfolio companies operating in the life science industry are
subject to extensive government regulation and certain other
risks particular to that industry.
As part of our investment strategy, we plan to invest in
companies in the life science industry that are subject to
extensive regulation by the Food and Drug Administration, or
FDA, and to a lesser extent, other federal and state agencies.
If any of these portfolio companies fail to comply with
applicable regulations, they could be subject to significant
penalties and claims that could materially and adversely affect
their operations. Portfolio companies that produce medical
devices or drugs are subject to the expense, delay and
uncertainty of the regulatory approval process for their
products and, even if approved, these products may not be
accepted in the marketplace. In addition, new laws, regulations
or judicial interpretations of existing laws and regulations
might adversely affect a portfolio company in this industry.
Portfolio companies in the life science industry may also have a
limited number of suppliers of necessary components or a limited
number of manufacturers for their products, and therefore face a
risk of disruption to their manufacturing process if they are
unable to find alternative suppliers when needed. Any of these
factors could materially and adversely affect the operations of
a portfolio company in this industry and, in turn, impair our
ability to timely collect principal and interest payments owed
to us.
If our
portfolio companies are unable to commercialize their
technologies, products, business concepts or services, the
returns on our investments could be adversely
affected.
The value of our investments in our portfolio companies may
decline if they are not able to commercialize their technology,
products, business concepts or services. Additionally, although
some of our portfolio companies may already have a commercially
successful product or product line at the time of our
investment, technology-related products and services often have
a more limited market or life span than products in other
industries. Thus, the ultimate success of these companies often
depends on their ability to continually innovate in increasingly
competitive markets. If they are unable to do so, our investment
returns could be adversely affected and their ability to service
their debt obligations to us over the life of the loan could be
impaired. Our portfolio companies may be unable to successfully
acquire or develop any new technologies and the intellectual
property they currently hold may not remain viable. Even if our
portfolio companies are able to develop commercially viable
products, the market for new products and services is highly
competitive and rapidly changing. Neither our portfolio
companies nor we will have any control over the pace of
technology development. Commercial success is difficult to
predict, and the marketing efforts of our portfolio companies
may not be successful.
If our
portfolio companies are unable to protect their intellectual
property rights, our business and prospects could be harmed, and
if portfolio companies are required to devote significant
resources to protecting their intellectual property rights, the
value of our investment could be reduced.
Our future success and competitive position will depend in part
upon the ability of our portfolio companies to obtain, maintain
and protect proprietary technology used in their products and
services. The intellectual property held by our portfolio
companies often represents a substantial portion of the
collateral securing our investments
and/or
constitutes a significant portion of the portfolio
companies value that may be available in a downside
scenario to repay our loans. Our portfolio companies will rely,
in part, on patent, trade secret and trademark law to protect
that technology, but competitors may misappropriate their
intellectual property, and disputes as to ownership of
intellectual property may arise. Portfolio companies may, from
time to time, be required to institute litigation to enforce
their patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights,
protect their trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of
the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of
infringement. Such litigation could result in substantial costs
and diversion of resources. Similarly, if a portfolio company is
found to infringe or misappropriate a third partys patent
or other proprietary rights, it could be required to pay damages
to the third party, alter its products or processes, obtain a
license from the third party
and/or cease
activities utilizing the proprietary rights, including making or
selling products utilizing the proprietary rights. Any of the
foregoing events could negatively affect both the portfolio
companys ability to service our debt investment and the
value of any related debt and equity securities that we own, as
well as any collateral securing our investment.
21
We do
not expect to control any of our portfolio
companies.
We do not expect to control any of our portfolio companies, even
though our debt agreements may contain certain restrictive
covenants that limit the business and operations of our
portfolio companies. We also do not intend to maintain a control
position to the extent we own equity interests in any portfolio
company. As a result, we will be subject to the risk that a
portfolio company in which we invest may make business decisions
with which we disagree and the management of such company, as
representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take
risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests
as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity of the
investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies,
we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event we
disagree with the actions of a portfolio company and we may
therefore, suffer a decrease in the value of our investments.
Risks
Related to our Business and Structure
We
have a limited operating history and may not be able to achieve
our investment objective or generate sufficient revenue to make
or sustain distributions to our stockholders and your investment
in us could decline substantially.
We commenced operations in March 2008. As a result of our
limited operating history, we are subject to certain business
risks and uncertainties associated with any recently formed
business enterprise, including the risk that we will not achieve
our investment objective and that the value of your investment
in us could decline substantially. As a public company, we will
be subject to the regulatory requirements of the SEC, in
addition to the specific regulatory requirements applicable to
business development companies under the 1940 Act and RICs under
the Code. Our management and that of our Advisor has not had any
prior experience operating under this regulatory framework, and
we may incur substantial additional costs, and expend
significant time or other resources, to do so. From time to time
our Advisor may pursue investment opportunities, like equity
investments, in which our Advisor has more limited experience.
We may also be unable to replicate the historical performance of
prior investment funds. In addition, we may be unable to
generate sufficient revenue from our operations to make or
sustain distributions to our stockholders.
We may
not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities
managed or sponsored by members of our Advisor or its
affiliates.
We may be unable to replicate the historical results achieved by
our Advisor or its affiliates, and our investment returns could
be substantially lower than the returns achieved by them in
prior periods. In particular, our Advisors returns from
several of its other investment vehicles may not be comparable
because they were capital call funds and their respective
returns were not negatively impacted by uninvested cash. We also
may not be able to replicate the performance of our warrants and
may not have returns on warrants from our existing portfolio
that we hold. Neither our Advisor nor its affiliates were
subject to the same tax and regulatory conditions that we intend
to operate under following the offering. Furthermore, none of
the prior results were from public reporting companies.
Additionally, all or a portion of these prior results may have
been achieved in particular market conditions which may never be
repeated. We are not a capital call fund and, as a result, may
have more limited access to cash for investment opportunities
than our Advisor historically experienced which could impair our
ability to make future investments. Moreover, current or future
market volatility and regulatory uncertainty may also have an
adverse impact on our future performance.
Neither
we nor our Advisor has any experience operating under the
constraints imposed on a business development company, which may
affect our ability to manage our business and impair your
ability to assess our prospects.
Prior to this offering, we did not operate as a business
development company under the 1940 Act. As a result, we have no
operating results under this regulatory framework that can
demonstrate to you either its effect on our business or our
ability to manage our business within this framework. The 1940
Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of business
development companies. For example, business development
companies are required to invest at least 70% of their total
assets in specified types of securities, primarily securities of
eligible portfolio
22
companies (as defined in the 1940 Act), cash, cash
equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high
quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. See
Regulation. Our Advisors lack of experience in
managing a portfolio of assets under these constraints may
hinder our ability to take advantage of attractive investment
opportunities and, as a result, could impair our ability to
achieve our investment objective. Furthermore, if we are unable
to comply with the requirements imposed on business development
companies by the 1940 Act, the SEC could bring an enforcement
action against us
and/or we
could be exposed to claims of private litigants. In addition, we
could be regulated as a closed-end management investment company
under the 1940 Act, which could further decrease our operating
flexibility and may prevent us from operating our business as
described in this prospectus, either of which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
or financial condition.
We are
dependent upon key personnel of our Advisor and our
Advisors ability to hire and retain qualified
personnel.
We depend on the members of our Advisors senior
management, particularly Mr. Pomeroy, our Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Michaud, our President, as
well as other key personnel for the identification, evaluation,
final selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of our
investments. These employees have critical industry experience
and relationships that we will rely on to implement our business
plan to originate Technology Loans in our Target Industries. Our
future success will depend on the continued service of
Messrs. Pomeroy and Michaud as well as the other senior
members of our Advisors management team. If our Advisor
were to lose the services of either Mr. Pomeroy or
Mr. Michaud or any of the other senior members of our
Advisors management team, we may not be able to operate
our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be
harmed, either of which could cause our business, results of
operations or financial condition to suffer. In addition, if
either of Mr. Pomeroy or Mr. Michaud ceases to be
employed by us, the lender under our Credit Facility could,
absent a waiver or cure, refuse to advance future funds to us
under the facility. Our future success will also depend, in
part, on our Advisors ability to identify, attract and
retain sufficient numbers of highly skilled employees. Absent
exemptive or other relief granted by the SEC and for so long as
we remain externally managed, the 1940 Act will prevent us from
granting options to our employees and adopting a profit sharing
plan, which may make it more difficult for us to attract and
retain highly skilled employees. If we are not successful in
identifying, attracting and retaining these employees, we may
not be able to operate our business as we expect. Moreover, we
cannot assure you that our Advisor will remain our investment
adviser or that we will continue to have access to our
Advisors investment professionals or its relationships.
For example, our Advisor may in the future manage investment
funds with investment objectives similar to ours thereby
diverting the time and attention of its investment professionals
that we rely on to implement our business plan.
We
operate in a highly competitive market for investment
opportunities, and if we are not able to compete effectively,
our business, results of operations and financial condition may
be adversely affected and the value of your investment in us
could decline.
A number of entities compete with us to make the types of
investments that we plan to make in prospective portfolio
companies in our Target Industries. We compete with other
business development companies and a large number of venture
capital and private equity firms, as well as other investment
funds, investment banks and other sources of financing,
including traditional financial services companies such as
commercial banks and finance companies. Some of our competitors
are larger and have greater financial, technical, marketing and
other resources than we have. For example, some competitors may
have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that
are not available to us. This may enable these competitors to
make commercial loans with interest rates that are comparable
to, or lower than, the rates we typically offer. We may lose
prospective portfolio companies if we do not match our
competitors pricing, terms and structure. If we do match
our competitors pricing, terms or structure, we may
experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of
credit losses. In addition, some of our competitors may have
higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which
could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments,
establish more relationships than us and build their market
shares. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to
the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act will impose on us
as a business development company or that the Code will impose
on us as a RIC. If we are not able to compete effectively, we
may not be able to identify and take advantage of attractive
investment opportunities that we identify and may not be able
23
to fully invest our available capital. If this occurs, our
business, financial condition and results of operations could be
materially adversely affected.
We
will borrow money, which will magnify the potential for gain or
loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing
in us.
Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment
technique, and we intend to continue to borrow money as part of
our business plan. The use of leverage will magnify the
potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and, therefore,
increases the risks associated with investing in us. We expect
to borrow from and issue senior debt securities to banks and
other lenders including under the Credit Facility pursuant to
which we expect to be able to borrow up to $125 million
upon completion of this offering. As of December 31, 2009,
we had outstanding indebtedness of $64.2 million. We also
intend to issue debt securities guaranteed by the SBA and sold
in the capital markets, to the extent that we or one of our
subsidiaries becomes licensed by the SBA. The SBIC regulations,
subject to certain regulatory capital requirements among other
things, currently permit an SBIC subsidiary to borrow up to
$150 million. Lenders of senior securities, including the
SBA, will have fixed dollar claims on our assets that will be
superior to the claims of our common stockholders. If the value
of our assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net
asset value attributable to our common stock to increase more
sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. However, any
decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more
sharply than it would have had we not leveraged. This decline
could adversely affect our ability to make common stock dividend
payments. In addition, because our investments may be illiquid,
we may be unable to dispose of them or to do so at a favorable
price in the event we need to do so if we are unable to
refinance any indebtedness upon maturity, and, as a result, we
may suffer losses.
Our ability to service any debt that we incur will depend
largely on our financial performance and will be subject to
prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures.
Moreover, as our Advisors management fee will be payable
to our Advisor based on our gross assets, including those assets
acquired through the use of leverage, our Advisor may have a
financial incentive to incur leverage which may not be
consistent with our stockholders interests. In addition,
holders of our common stock will bear the burden of any increase
in our expenses, as a result of leverage, including any increase
in the management fee payable to our Advisor.
Illustration: The following table illustrates
the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our
common stock assuming various annual returns, net of expenses.
The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual
returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table
below:
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Assumed Return on our Portfolio
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(net of expenses)
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−10%
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−5%
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0%
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5%
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10%
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Corresponding return to
stockholder(1)
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−25%
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−15%
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−4%
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6%
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17%
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(1)
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Assumes $125 million in total
assets, $64 million in debt outstanding, $59 million
in stockholders equity, and an average cost of funds of
3.95%. Assumptions are based on our financial condition and our
average costs of funds at December 31, 2009. Actual
interest payments may be different.
|
If we
are unable to comply with the covenants or restrictions in the
Credit Facility, our business could be materially adversely
affected.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Horizon Credit I LLC, which we
refer to as Credit I, is party to our Credit
Facility with WestLB AG. This Credit Facility includes covenants
that, among other things, restrict certain of our
subsidiaries ability to make loans to, or investments in,
third parties (other than Technology Loans and warrants or other
equity participation rights), pay dividends and distributions,
incur additional indebtedness and engage in mergers or
consolidations. The Credit Facility also restricts certain of
our subsidiaries and our Advisors ability to create
liens on the collateral securing the Credit Facility, permit
additional negative pledges on such collateral and change the
business currently conducted by them. The Credit Facility also
includes provisions that permit our lender to refuse to advance
funds under the facility in the event of certain change of
control events. In addition, the Credit
24
Facility also requires certain of our subsidiaries and our
Advisor to comply with various financial covenants, including,
among other covenants, maintenance by Compass Horizon and our
Advisor of a minimum tangible net worth and limitations on the
value of, and modifications to, the loan collateral that secures
the Credit Facility. See Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Complying with these restrictions may prevent us from taking
actions that we believe would help us to grow our business or
are otherwise consistent with our investment objective. These
restrictions could also limit our ability to plan for or react
to market conditions or meet extraordinary capital needs or
otherwise restrict corporate activities or could result in our
failing to qualify as a RIC and thus becoming subject to
corporate-level income tax. See Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources for
additional information regarding our credit arrangements.
The breach of certain of the covenants or restrictions unless
cured within the applicable grace period, would result in a
default under the Credit Facility that would permit the lender
to declare all amounts outstanding to be due and payable. In
such an event, we may not have sufficient assets to repay such
indebtedness. As a result, any default could have serious
consequences to our financial condition. An event of default or
an acceleration under the Credit Facility could also cause a
cross-default or cross-acceleration of another debt instrument
or contractual obligation, which would adversely impact our
liquidity. We may not be granted waivers or amendments to the
Credit Agreement if for any reason we are unable to comply with
it, and we may not be able to refinance the Credit Agreement on
terms acceptable to us, or at all.
Because
we will distribute all or substantially all of our income and
any realized net short-term capital gains over realized net
long-term capital losses to our stockholders, we will need
additional capital to finance our growth, if any. If additional
funds are unavailable or not available on favorable terms, our
ability to grow will be impaired.
To satisfy the requirements applicable to a RIC, to avoid
payment of excise taxes and to minimize or avoid payment of
corporate-level federal income taxes, we intend to distribute to
our stockholders all or substantially all of our net ordinary
income and realized net short-term capital gains over realized
net long-term capital losses except that we may retain certain
net long-term capital gains, pay applicable income taxes with
respect thereto, and elect to treat such retained capital gains
as deemed distributions to our stockholders. As a business
development company, we will generally be required to meet a
coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which
includes all of our borrowings and any preferred stock we may
issue in the future, of at least 200%. This requirement limits
the amount that we may borrow. Because we will continue to need
capital to grow our loan and investment portfolio, this
limitation may prevent us from incurring debt and require us to
raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous
to do so. We cannot assure you that debt and equity financing
will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, and debt
financings may be restricted by the terms of any of our
outstanding borrowings. In addition, as discussed above, as a
business development company, we will be limited in our ability
to issue equity securities priced below net asset value. If
additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to
curtail or cease new lending and investment activities, and our
net asset value could decline.
If we
are unable to obtain additional debt financing, our business
could be materially adversely affected.
We may want to obtain additional debt financing, or need to do
so upon maturity of the Credit Facility, in order to obtain
funds which may be made available for investments. The Credit
Facility matures in March 2015. We may request advances under
the Credit Facility, which we refer to as the Revolving
Period, through March 4, 2011, unless the Revolving
Period is extended upon Credit Is request and upon mutual
agreement of WestLB and Credit I. Upon the date of termination
of the Revolving Period, we may not request new advances and we
must repay the outstanding advances under the Credit Facility as
of such date at such times and in such amounts as are necessary
to maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the
Credit Facility, particularly the condition that the principal
balance of the Credit Facility does not exceed 75% of the
aggregate principal balance of our eligible loans to our
portfolio companies. All outstanding advances under the Credit
Facility are due and payable on March 4, 2015, unless such
date is extended upon Credit Is request and upon mutual
agreement of WestLB and Credit I. If we are unable to increase,
renew or replace any such facility and enter into a new debt
financing facility on commercially reasonable terms, our
liquidity may be reduced significantly. In addition, if we are
unable to repay
25
amounts outstanding under any such facilities and are declared
in default or are unable to renew or refinance these facilities,
we may not be able to make new investments or operate our
business in the normal course. These situations may arise due to
circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as lack of
access to the credit markets, a severe decline in the value of
the U.S. dollar, a further economic down turn or an
operational problem that affects third parties or us, and could
materially damage our business.
If we
do not receive qualification from the SBA to form an SBIC or we
are unable to comply with SBA regulations after our SBIC
subsidiary is formed, our business plan and investment objective
could be materially adversely affected.
We are currently seeking qualification as an SBIC for a
to-be-formed wholly owned subsidiary which will be regulated by
the SBA. On July 14, 2009, our Advisor received
notification from the SBA that invited our Advisor to continue
with the application process for licensing this subsidiary as an
SBIC. However, the application to license this subsidiary as an
SBIC is subject to SBA approval. If we do not receive SBA
approval to license an SBIC our business plan and investment
objective could be materially adversely affected. If we or one
of our subsidiaries receives this qualification, we will become
subject to SBA regulations that may constrain our activities or
the activities of one of our subsidiaries. We may need to make
allowances in our investment activity or the investment activity
of our subsidiaries to comply with SBA regulations. In addition,
SBA regulations may impose parameters on our business operations
and investment objectives that are different than what we
otherwise would do if we were not subject to these regulations.
Failure to comply with the SBA regulations could result in the
loss of the SBIC license and the resulting inability to
participate in the SBA-sponsored debenture program. The SBA also
limits the maximum amount that may be borrowed by any single
SBIC. The SBA prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a
change of control of an SBIC or transfers that would
result in any person (or a group of persons acting in concert)
owning 10% or more of a class of capital stock of a licensed
SBIC. A change of control is any event which would
result in the transfer of the power, direct or indirect, to
direct the management and policies of an SBIC, whether through
ownership, contractual arrangements or otherwise. To the extent
that we form an SBIC subsidiary, this would prohibit a change of
control of us without prior SBA approval. If we are unable
to comply with SBA regulations, our business plan and growth
strategy could be materially adversely affected.
Changes
in interest rates may affect our cost of capital and net
investment income.
Because we may incur indebtedness to fund our investments, a
portion of our income will depend upon the difference between
the interest rate at which we borrow funds and the interest rate
at which we invest these funds. Some of our investments will
have fixed interest rates, while other borrowings will likely
have floating interest rates. As a result, a significant change
in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our
net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates, our
cost of funds could increase, which would reduce our net
investment income. We may hedge against interest rate
fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as swaps,
futures, options and forward contracts, subject to applicable
legal requirements, including, without limitation, all necessary
registrations (or exemptions from registration) with the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission. These activities may limit
our ability to benefit from lower interest rates with respect to
the hedged portfolio. We also have limited experience in
entering into hedging transactions, and we will initially have
to rely on the advice of outside parties with respect to the use
of these financial instruments or develop this expertise
internally. Adverse developments resulting from changes in
interest rates or hedging transactions or any adverse
developments from our use of hedging instruments could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations. In addition, we may be unable to enter
into appropriate hedging transactions when desired and any
hedging transactions we enter into may not be effective.
Because
many of our investments typically will not be in publicly traded
securities, the value of our investments may not be readily
determinable, which could adversely affect the determination of
our net asset value.
We expect our investments to consist primarily of loans or
securities issued by privately held companies. As a result, the
fair value of these investments that are not publicly traded may
not be readily determinable. In addition, we will not be
permitted to maintain a general reserve for anticipated loan
losses. Instead, we will be required by the
26
1940 Act to specifically value each investment and record an
unrealized gain or loss for any asset that we believe has
increased or decreased in value. We will value these investments
on a quarterly basis in accordance with our valuation policy
consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. Our
board of directors will employ an independent third-party
valuation firm to assist the board in arriving at the fair value
of our investments. The board will discuss valuations and
determine the fair value in good faith based on the input of our
Advisor and the third-party valuation firm. The factors that may
be considered in fair value pricing our investments include the
nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio
companys earnings and its ability to make payments on its
indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does
business, comparisons to publicly traded companies, discounted
cash flow and other relevant factors. Because such valuations
are inherently uncertain and may be based on estimates, our
determinations of fair value may differ materially from the
values that would be assessed if a ready market for these
securities existed. Our net asset value could be adversely
affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of our
investments are materially higher than the values that we
ultimately realize upon the disposal of these investments. See
Determination of Net Asset Value.
Disruption
in the capital markets and the credit markets could adversely
affect our business.
Without sufficient access to the capital markets or credit
markets, we may be forced to curtail our business operations or
we may not be able to pursue new investment opportunities.
Beginning in 2007, the global capital markets entered into a
period of disruption and extreme volatility and, accordingly,
there has been and will continue to be uncertainty in the
financial markets in general. Ongoing disruptive conditions in
the financial industry could restrict our business operations
and could adversely impact or results of operations and
financial condition. We are unable to predict when economic and
market conditions may become more favorable. Even if these
conditions improve significantly over the long term, adverse
conditions in particular sectors of the financial markets could
adversely impact our business.
We may
not realize gains from our equity investments.
All of our investments that we have made in the past include,
and investments we may make in the future are expected to
include warrants. In addition, we may from time to time make
non-control, equity co-investments in companies in conjunction
with private equity sponsors. Our goal with respect to these
equity investments is to ultimately realize gains upon
disposition. The equity interests we receive may not appreciate
in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may
not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any
gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity
interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we
experience. We also may be unable to realize any value if a
portfolio company does not have a liquidity event, such as a
sale of the business, refinancing or public offering, which
would allow us to sell the underlying equity interests. In
addition, the time and attention of the investment personnel of
our Advisor could be diverted from managing our debt portfolio
in order to manage any equity investments we receive thereby
impacting the value of our remaining portfolio, and our
Advisors significant experience in Technology Lending may
not result in returns on our equity investments.
From time to time we may also acquire equity participation
rights in connection with an investment which will allow us, at
our option, to participate in future rounds of equity financing
through direct capital investments in our portfolio companies.
Our Advisor will determine whether to exercise any of these
rights. Accordingly, you will have no control over whether or to
what extent these rights are exercised, if at all. If we
exercise these rights, we will be making an additional
investment completely in the form of equity which will subject
us to significantly more risk than our Technology Loans and we
may not receive the returns that are anticipated with respect to
these investments.
We may
not realize expected returns on warrants received in connection
with our debt investments.
As discussed above, we generally receive warrants in connection
with our debt investments. If we do not receive the returns that
are anticipated on the warrants, our investment returns on our
portfolio companies, and the value of your investment in us, may
be lower than expected.
27
Regulations
governing our operation as a business development company will
affect our ability to, and the way in which, we raise additional
capital, which may expose us to additional risks.
Our business plans contemplate a substantial amount of capital
in addition to the proceeds of this offering. We may obtain
additional capital through the issuance of debt securities,
other indebtedness or preferred stock, and we may borrow money
from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to
collectively as senior securities, up to the maximum
amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Moreover, in connection with
the filing of the SBA license application, we expect to seek
exemptive relief from the SEC to permit us to exclude the debt
of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the SBA from the 200%
consolidated asset coverage ratio requirements. If we issue
senior securities, we would be exposed to typical risks
associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss.
In addition, if we issue preferred stock, it would rank
senior to common stock in our capital structure and
preferred stockholders would have separate voting rights and may
have rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those
of holders of our common stock.
The 1940 Act permits us to issue senior securities in amounts
such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals
at least 200% after each issuance of senior securities. If our
asset coverage ratio is not at least 200%, we will not be
permitted to pay dividends or issue additional senior
securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be
unable to satisfy this asset coverage test. If that happens, we
may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and
repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when we may be
unable to do so or to do so on favorable terms.
As a business development company, we will generally not be able
to issue our common stock at a price below net asset value
without first obtaining the approval of our stockholders and our
independent directors. This requirement will not apply to stock
issued upon the exercise of options, warrants or rights that we
may issue from time to time. If we raise additional funds by
issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into,
or exchangeable for, our common stock, the percentage ownership
of our stockholders at that time would decrease, and you may
experience dilution.
If we
are unable to satisfy the requirements under the Code for
qualification as a RIC, we will be subject to corporate-level
federal income tax.
To qualify as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source
of income, diversification and distribution requirements
contained in Subchapter M of the Code and maintain our election
to be regulated as a business development company under the 1940
Act.
The source of income requirement is satisfied if we derive in
each taxable year at least 90% of our gross income from
dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments
with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or
other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies,
other income (including but not limited to gain from options,
futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to our
business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net
income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly
traded partnership. The status of certain forms of income
we receive could be subject to different interpretations under
the Code and might be characterized as non-qualifying income
that could cause us to fail to qualify as a RIC and, thus, may
cause us to be subject to corporate-level federal income taxes.
The annual distribution requirement for a RIC is satisfied if we
distribute to our stockholders on an annual basis an amount
equal to at least 90% of our net ordinary income and realized
net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term
capital losses, if any. If we borrow money, we may be subject to
certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the 1940 Act and
loan covenants that could, under certain circumstances, restrict
us from making distributions necessary to qualify as a RIC. If
we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to
qualify as a RIC and, thus, may be subject to corporate-level
income tax.
To qualify as a RIC, we must also meet certain asset
diversification requirements at the end of each calendar
quarter. Failure to meet these tests may result in our having to
(i) dispose of certain investments quickly or
(ii) raise additional capital to prevent the loss of RIC
status. Because most of our investments will be in
development-stage companies within our Target Industries, any
such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and
may result in substantial losses. If we raise additional capital
to satisfy the asset diversification requirements, it could
28
take a longer time to invest such capital. During this period,
we will invest in temporary investments, such as cash and cash
equivalents, which we expect will earn yields substantially
lower than the interest income that we anticipate receiving in
respect of our investments in secured and amortizing loans.
If we were to fail to qualify for the federal income tax
benefits allowable to RICs for any reason and become subject to
a corporate-level federal income tax, the resulting taxes could
substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income
available for distribution to our stockholders, and the actual
amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a
material adverse effect on us, the net asset value of our common
stock and the total return, if any, obtainable from your
investment in our common stock. In addition, we could be
required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes
and interest and make substantial distributions before
requalifying as a RIC. See Regulation and
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
We may
have difficulty paying our required distributions if we
recognize taxable income before or without receiving
cash.
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances
in which we do not receive cash. For example if we hold debt
instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as
having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with
payment-in-kind
interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or
issued with warrants), we must include in taxable income each
year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over
the life of the debt instrument, regardless of whether cash
representing such income is received by us in the same taxable
year. Because in certain cases we may recognize taxable income
before or without receiving cash representing such income, we
may have difficulty meeting the requirement that we distribute
an amount equal to at least 90% of our net ordinary income and
realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized
long-term capital losses, if any (the Annual Distribution
Requirement).
Accordingly, we may need to sell some of our assets at times
that we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt
or equity capital or forego new investment opportunities or
otherwise take actions that are disadvantageous to our business
(or be unable to take actions that we believe are necessary or
advantageous to our business) in order to satisfy the Annual
Distribution Requirement. If we are unable to obtain cash from
other sources to satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement, we
may fail to qualify for the federal income tax benefits
allowable to RICs and, thus, become subject to a corporate-level
federal income tax on all our income. See Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
If we
do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying
assets, we could fail to qualify as a business development
company or be precluded from investing according to our current
business strategy.
As a business development company, we will be prohibited from
acquiring any assets other than qualifying assets
unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such
acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying
assets. As
of ,
2010, approximately
$ million, or
approximately %, of our total
assets were not qualifying assets. We expect that
substantially all of our assets that we may acquire in the
future will be qualifying assets, although we may
decide to make other investments that are not qualifying
assets to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If we
acquire debt or equity securities from an issuer that has
outstanding marginable securities at the time we make an
investment, these acquired assets may not be treated as
qualifying assets. This result is dictated by the definition of
eligible portfolio company under the 1940 Act, which
in part looks to whether a company has outstanding marginable
securities. See Regulation Qualifying
assets. If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our
assets in qualifying assets, we could lose our status as a
business development company, which would have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Changes
in laws or regulations governing our business could adversely
affect our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the
laws and regulations that govern business development companies,
RICs, SBICs or non-depository commercial lenders could
significantly affect our operations, our cost of doing business
and our investment strategy. We are subject to federal, state
and local laws and regulations and judicial and administrative
decisions that affect our operations, including our loan
29
originations, maximum interest rates, fees and other charges,
disclosures to portfolio companies, the terms of secured
transactions, collection and foreclosure procedures, portfolio
composition and other trade practices. If these laws,
regulations or decisions change, or if we expand our business
into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent
requirements, we may incur significant expenses to comply with
these laws, regulations or decisions or we might have to
restrict our operations or alter our investment strategy. For
example, any change to the SBAs current debenture SBIC
program could have a significant impact on our ability to obtain
lower-cost leverage and our ability to compete with other
finance companies. In addition, if we do not comply with
applicable laws, regulations and decisions, we may lose licenses
needed for the conduct of our business and be subject to civil
fines and criminal penalties, any of which could have a material
adverse effect upon our business, results of operations or
financial condition.
Our
Advisor has significant potential conflicts of interest with us
and your interests as stockholders.
As a result of our arrangements with our Advisor, there may be
times when our Advisor has interests that differ from those of
our stockholders, giving rise to a potential conflict of
interest. Our executive officers and directors, as well as the
current and future executives and employees of our Advisor,
serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of
entities that operate in the same or a related line of business
as we do. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in
those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the
best interests of our stockholders. In addition, our Advisor may
manage other funds in the future that may have investment
objectives that are similar, in whole or in part, to ours. Our
Advisor may determine that an investment is appropriate for us
and for one or more of those other funds. In such an event,
depending on the availability of the investment and other
appropriate factors, our Advisor will endeavor to allocate
investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner and may
determine that we should invest
side-by-side
with one or more other funds. It is also possible that we may
not be given the opportunity to participate in these other
investment opportunities.
We pay management and incentive fees to our Advisor and
reimburse our Advisor for certain expenses it incurs. As a
result, investors in our common stock will invest on a
gross basis and receive distributions on a
net basis after expenses, resulting in a lower rate
of return than an investor might achieve through direct
investments. Also, the incentive fee payable by us to our
Advisor may create an incentive for our Advisor to pursue
investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative
than would be the case in the absence of such compensation
arrangements.
We have entered into a license agreement with our Advisor
pursuant to which our Advisor has agreed to grant us a
non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the service
mark Horizon Technology Finance. Under this
agreement, we have a right to use the Horizon Technology
Finance service mark for so long as the investment
management agreement is in effect. In addition, we pay our
Advisor, our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses
incurred by our Advisor in performing its obligations under the
administration agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses
associated with performing compliance functions, and our
allocable portion of the compensation of our chief financial
officer and any administrative support staff. Any potential
conflict of interest arising as a result of our arrangements
with our Advisor could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our
incentive fee may impact our Advisors structuring of our
investments, including by causing our Advisor to pursue
speculative investments.
The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor may create an
incentive for our Advisor to pursue investments on our behalf
that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in
the absence of such compensation arrangement. The incentive fee
payable to our Advisor is calculated based on a percentage of
our return on invested capital. This may encourage our Advisor
to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under
certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the
likelihood of default, which would impair the value of our
common stock. In addition, our Advisor receives the incentive
fee based, in part, upon net capital gains realized on our
investments. Unlike that portion of the incentive fee based on
income, there is no hurdle rate applicable to the portion of the
incentive fee based on net capital gains. As a result, our
Advisor may have a tendency to invest more capital in
investments that are likely to result in capital gains as
compared to income-producing securities. Such a practice could
result in our investing in more speculative securities than
would otherwise be the case, which could
30
result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic
downturns. In addition, the incentive fee may encourage our
Advisor to pursue different types of investments or structure
investments in ways that are more likely to result in warrant
gains or gains on equity investments, including upon exercise of
equity participation rights, which are inconsistent with our
investment strategy and disciplined underwriting process.
The incentive fee payable by us to our Advisor also may induce
our Advisor to pursue investments on our behalf that have a
deferred interest feature, even if such deferred payments would
not provide cash necessary to enable us to pay current
distributions to our stockholders. Under these investments, we
would accrue interest over the life of the investment but would
not receive the cash income from the investment until the end of
the term. Our net investment income used to calculate the income
portion of our investment fee, however, includes accrued
interest. Thus, a portion of this incentive fee would be based
on income that we have not yet received in cash. In addition,
the
catch-up
portion of the incentive fee may encourage our Advisor to
accelerate or defer interest payable by portfolio companies from
one calendar quarter to another, potentially resulting in
fluctuations in the timing and amounts of dividends.
If we
are unable to manage our future growth effectively, we may be
unable to achieve our investment objective, which could
adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial condition and cause the value of your investment in us
to decline.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective will depend on
our ability to achieve and sustain growth, which will depend, in
turn, on our Advisors direct origination capabilities and
disciplined underwriting process in identifying, evaluating,
financing, investing in and monitoring suitable companies that
meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result on a
cost-effective basis is largely a function of our Advisors
marketing capabilities, management of the investment process,
ability to provide efficient services and access to financing
sources on acceptable terms. In addition to monitoring the
performance of our existing investments, our Advisor may also be
called upon to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio
companies. These demands on their time may distract them or slow
the rate of investment. If we fail to manage our future growth
effectively, our business, results of operations and financial
condition could be materially adversely affected and the value
of your investment in us could decrease.
Our
board of directors may change our operating policies and
strategies, including our investment objective, without prior
notice or stockholder approval, the effects of which may
adversely affect our business.
Our board of directors may modify or waive our current operating
policies and strategies, including our investment objectives,
without prior notice (except as otherwise required by the 1940
Act) and without stockholder approval. We cannot predict the
effect any changes to our current operating policies and
strategies would have on our business, results of operations or
financial condition or on the value of our stock. However, the
effects of any changes might adversely affect our business, any
or all of which could negatively impact our ability to pay
dividends or cause you to lose all or part of your investment in
us.
Our
quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate due to the
nature of our business.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly and annual
operating results due to a number of factors, some of which are
beyond our control, including: our ability to make investments
in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest
rate payable on our loans, the default rate on these
investments, the level of our expenses, variations in, and the
timing of, the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or
losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our
markets and general economic conditions. For example, we have
historically experienced greater investment activity during the
second and fourth quarters relative to other periods. As a
result of these factors, you should not rely on the results for
any prior period as being indicative of our performance in
future periods.
31
Our
business plan and growth strategy depends to a significant
extent upon our Advisors referral relationships. If our
Advisor is unable to develop new or maintain existing
relationships, or if these relationships fail to generate
investment opportunities, our business could be materially
adversely affected.
We have historically depended on our Advisors referral
relationships to generate investment opportunities. For us to
achieve our future business objectives, members of our Advisor
will need to maintain these relationships with venture capital
and private equity firms and management teams and legal firms,
accounting firms, investment banks and other lenders, and we
will rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to
provide us with investment opportunities. If they fail to
maintain their existing relationships or develop new
relationships with other firms or sources of investment
opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment
portfolio. In addition, persons with whom our Advisor has
relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment
opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such
relationships will lead to the origination of debt or other
investments.
Our
Advisor can resign on 60 days notice, and we may not
be able to find a suitable replacement within that time,
resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely
affect our business, results of operations or financial
condition.
Under our investment management agreement, our Advisor has the
right to resign at any time, including during the first two
years following the investment management agreements
effective date, upon not more than 60 days written
notice, whether we have found a replacement or not. If our
Advisor resigns, we may not be able to find a new investment
adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and
ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable
terms within 60 days, or at all. If we are unable to do so,
our operations are likely to be disrupted, our business, results
of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay
distributions may be adversely affected and the market price of
our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our
internal management and investment activities is likely to
suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with
a single institution or group of executives having the expertise
possessed by our Advisor and its affiliates. Even if we are able
to retain comparable management, whether internal or external,
the integration of new management and their lack of familiarity
with our investment objective may result in additional costs and
time delays that may adversely affect our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
Our
ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be
restricted.
As a business development company, we will be prohibited under
the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with our
affiliates without the prior approval of our independent
directors and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns,
directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting
securities will be considered our affiliate for purposes of the
1940 Act. We will generally be prohibited from buying or selling
any security from or to an affiliate, absent the prior approval
of our independent directors. The 1940 Act also prohibits
certain joint transactions with an affiliate, which
could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether
at the same or different times), without prior approval of our
independent directors. If a person acquires more than 25% of our
voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling
any security from or to that person or certain of that
persons affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint
transactions with those persons, absent the prior approval of
the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact
business with our officers or directors or their affiliates.
We
will be required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting. If we are unable to achieve and maintain
effective internal control over financial reporting, our results
of operation and financial condition could be
harmed.
We will be required to comply with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act beginning with the year ending
December 31, 2011. Section 404 will require that we
evaluate our internal control over financial reporting to enable
management to report on, and our independent registered public
accounting firm to audit, the effectiveness of those controls.
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal
control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated
financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
32
As a public company, we will be required to report control
deficiencies that constitute a material weakness in our internal
control over financial reporting. We will also be required to
obtain an audit report from our independent registered public
accounting firm regarding the effectiveness of our internal
controls over financial reporting. If we fail to implement the
requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we or
our independent registered public accounting firm are unable to
conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is
effective or if we fail to comply with our financial reporting
requirements, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and
completeness of our financial reports. In addition, we or
members of our management could be the subject of adverse
publicity, investigations and sanctions by regulatory
authorities, including the SEC and NASDAQ, and be subject to
stockholder lawsuits. Any of the above consequences could cause
our stock price to decline materially and could impose
significant unanticipated costs on us.
We
will incur significant costs as a result of being a publicly
traded company.
As a publicly traded company, we will incur legal, accounting
and other expenses, including costs associated with the periodic
reporting requirements applicable to a company whose securities
are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or the Exchange Act, as well as additional corporate
governance requirements, including requirements under the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and other rules implemented by the
SEC.
Terrorist
attacks and other catastrophic events may disrupt the businesses
in which we invest and harm our operations and our
profitability.
Terrorist attacks and threats, escalation of military activity
or acts of war may significantly harm our results of operations
and your investment. We cannot assure you that there will not be
further terrorist attacks against the United States or United
States businesses. Such attacks or armed conflicts in the United
States or elsewhere may impact the businesses in which we invest
directly or indirectly, by undermining economic conditions in
the United States or elsewhere. In addition, because many of our
portfolio companies operate and rely on network infrastructure
and enterprise applications and internal technology systems for
development, marketing, operational, support and other business
activities, a disruption or failure of any or all of these
systems in the event of a major telecommunications failure,
cyber-attack, fire, earthquake, severe weather conditions or
other catastrophic event could cause system interruptions,
delays in product development and loss of critical data and
could otherwise disrupt their business operations. Losses
resulting from terrorist attacks are generally uninsurable.
Risks
Related to this Offering and our Common Stock
Prior
to this offering, there has been no public market for our common
stock, and we cannot assure you that the market price of shares
of our common stock will not decline following the
offering.
Prior to this offering, there was no public trading market for
our common stock, and we cannot assure you that one will develop
or be sustained after this offering. If an active trading market
does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any common
stock that you buy and the value of your shares may be impaired.
We also cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will
trade. The initial public offering price for our common stock
will be determined through our negotiations with the
underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market
price at which it will trade after this offering or to any other
established criteria of our value. Shares of closed-end
management investment companies offered in an initial public
offering often trade at a discount to the initial offering price
due to sales loads, underwriting discounts and related offering
expenses. In addition, shares of closed-end management
investment companies have in the past frequently traded at
discounts to their net asset values and our stock may also be
discounted in the market. This characteristic of closed-end
management investment companies is separate and distinct from
the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. We
cannot predict whether shares of our common stock will trade
above, at or below our net asset value. The risk of loss
associated with this characteristic of closed-end management
investment companies may be greater for investors expecting to
sell shares of common stock purchased in this offering soon
after the offering. In addition, if our common stock trades
below its net asset value, we will generally not be able to sell
additional shares of our common stock to the public at its
market price without first obtaining the approval of our
stockholders (including our unaffiliated stockholders) and our
independent directors.
33
Sales
of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market
may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common
stock.
Upon consummation of this offering, we will
have shares
of common stock outstanding
(or shares
of common stock if the over-allotment option is fully
exercised). Of these shares,
the shares
sold in this offering will be freely tradeable. We and our
executive officers and directors and our other stockholders,
including the selling stockholder, will be subject to agreements
with the underwriters that restrict our and their ability to
transfer our stock for a period of 180 days from the date
of this prospectus. In the event that either (a) during the
last 17 days of the
180-day
restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news
or a material event relating to us occurs or (b) prior to
the expiration of the
180-day
restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings
results during the
16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
180-day
period, the
lock-up
restrictions will continue to apply until the expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event. See
Underwriters. After the
lock-up
agreements expire, an aggregate
of
additional shares of our common stock will be eligible for sale
in the public market in accordance with Rule 144 under the
Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock
or the availability of such shares for sale, could adversely
affect the prevailing market prices for our common stock. If
this occurs and continues, our ability to raise additional
capital through the sale of equity securities could be impaired
should we desire to do so.
Our
common stock price may be volatile and may decrease
substantially.
The trading price of our common stock following this offering
may fluctuate substantially. The price of our common stock that
will prevail in the market after this offering may be higher or
lower than the price you pay and the liquidity of our common
stock may be limited, in each case depending on many factors,
some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly
related to our operating performance. These factors include the
following:
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price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market or in
the market for business development companies from time to time;
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investor demand for our shares of common stock;
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significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of
securities of registered closed-end management investment
companies, business development companies or other financial
services companies;
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our inability to raise capital, borrow money or deploy or invest
our capital;
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fluctuations in interest rates;
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any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses
from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
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operating performance of companies comparable to us;
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changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines with respect to
RICs, business development companies or SBICs;
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not electing or losing RIC status;
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actual or anticipated changes in our earnings or fluctuations in
our operating results;
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changes in the value of our portfolio of investments;
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general economic conditions, trends and other external
factors; or
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departures of key personnel; or
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loss of a major source of funding.
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In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price
of a companys securities, securities class action
litigation has often been brought against that company. Due to
the potential volatility of our stock price, we may
34
therefore be the target of securities litigation in the future.
Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and
divert managements attention and resources from our
business.
We may
allocate the net proceeds from this offering in ways with which
you may not agree.
We will have significant flexibility in investing the net
proceeds of this offering and may use the net proceeds from this
offering in ways with which you may not agree or for purposes
other than those contemplated at the time of the offering. We
will also pay operating expenses, and may pay other expenses
such as due diligence expenses related to potential new
investments, from net proceeds. Our ability to achieve our
investment objective may be limited to the extent that net
proceeds of this offering, pending full investment, are used to
pay operating or other expenses.
We
will initially invest a portion of the net proceeds of this
offering in high-quality short-term investments, which will
generate lower rates of return than those expected from
investments made in accordance with our investment
objective.
We will initially invest a portion of the net proceeds of this
offering in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government
securities and other high-quality short-term investments. These
securities may earn yields substantially lower than the income
that we anticipate receiving once these proceeds are fully
invested in accordance with our investment objective.
Investing
in shares of our common stock may involve an above average
degree of risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment
objective may result in a higher amount of risk, volatility or
loss of principal than alternative investment options. Our
investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and
aggressive, and therefore, an investment in our common stock may
not be suitable for investors with lower risk tolerance.
Investors
in this offering will incur immediate dilution upon the closing
of this offering.
In connection with the Distribution and Share Exchange, we will
issue common stock equal to approximately
$ million, which represents
the net asset value of Compass Horizon as of December 31,
2009, to the Compass Horizon Owners in exchange for their
respective interests, as described in the section entitled
The Exchange Transaction. The Share Exchange,
however, will not take place until immediately prior to our
election to be treated as a business development company under
the 1940 Act and the closing of this offering. On the closing
date of the Share Exchange, the actual net asset value of
Compass Horizon may be greater or less than the net asset value
of Compass Horizon as of December 31, 2009 used to
determine the number of shares of common stock that the Compass
Horizon Owners will receive in connection with the Share
Exchange. If, on the closing date of the Share Exchange, the net
asset value of Compass Horizon has decreased from its value as
of December 31, 2009, the Compass Horizon Owners will
receive more shares of our common stock than they would have if
the net asset value was determined closer to the time of the
closing date for the Share Exchange.
Furthermore, after giving effect to the sale of our common stock
in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of
$ per share (the mid-point of the
range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and after
deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated
offering and Share Exchange expenses payable by us, our
as-adjusted pro forma net asset value as
of ,
2010 would have been approximately
$ million, or
$ per share. This represents an
immediate increase in our net asset value per share of
$ to the Compass Horizon Owners
and dilution in net asset value per share of
$ to new investors who purchase
shares in this offering. See Dilution for more
information.
35
Anti-takeover
provisions in our charter documents and other agreements and
certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law could
deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price
of our common stock.
The Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of
incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that may have
the effect of discouraging a third party from making an
acquisition proposal for us. Among other things, our certificate
of incorporation and bylaws:
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provide for a classified board of directors, which may delay the
ability of our stockholders to change the membership of a
majority of our board of directors;
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authorize the issuance of blank check preferred
stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a
takeover attempt;
|
|
|
|
do not provide for cumulative voting;
|
|
|
|
provide that vacancies on the board of directors, including
newly created directorships, may be filled only by a majority
vote of directors then in office;
|
|
|
|
limit the calling of special meetings of stockholders;
|
|
|
|
provide that our directors may be removed only for cause;
|
|
|
|
require supermajority voting to effect certain amendments to our
certificate of incorporation and our bylaws; and
|
|
|
|
require stockholders to provide advance notice of new business
proposals and director nominations under specific procedures.
|
These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control
in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock
the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price of
our common stock. See Description of Capital Stock.
Our Credit Facility also contains a covenant that prohibits us
from merging or consolidating with any other person or selling
all or substantially all of our assets without the prior written
consent of WestLB. If we were to engage in such a transaction
without such consent, WestLB could accelerate our repayment
obligations under,
and/or
terminate, our Credit Facility. In addition, the SBA prohibits,
without prior SBA approval, a change of control of
an SBIC. A change of control is any event which
would result in the transfer of power, direct or indirect, to
direct the management and policies of an SBIC, including through
ownership. To the extent that we form an SBIC subsidiary, this
would prohibit a change of control of us without prior SBA
approval.
36
CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to factors previously identified elsewhere in this
prospectus, including the Risk Factors section of
this prospectus, the following factors, among others, could
cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking
statements or historical performance:
|
|
|
|
|
our future operating results, including the performance of our
existing loans and warrants;
|
|
|
|
the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business
initiatives and strategies;
|
|
|
|
changes in political, economic or industry conditions, the
interest rate environment or financial and capital markets,
which could result in changes in the value of our assets;
|
|
|
|
the relative and absolute investment performance and operations
of our Advisor;
|
|
|
|
the impact of increased competition;
|
|
|
|
the impact of investments we intend to make and future
acquisitions and divestitures;
|
|
|
|
the unfavorable resolution of legal proceedings;
|
|
|
|
our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio
companies;
|
|
|
|
the projected performance of other funds managed by our Advisor;
|
|
|
|
the impact, extent and timing of technological changes and the
adequacy of intellectual property protection;
|
|
|
|
our regulatory structure and tax status;
|
|
|
|
the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital;
|
|
|
|
the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our
portfolio companies;
|
|
|
|
the impact of interest rate volatility on our results,
particularly if we use leverage as part of our investment
strategy;
|
|
|
|
the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their
objective;
|
|
|
|
our ability to cause a subsidiary to become a licensed SBIC;
|
|
|
|
the impact of legislative and regulatory actions and reforms and
regulatory, supervisory or enforcement actions of government
agencies relating to us or our Advisor;
|
|
|
|
our contractual arrangements and relationships with third
parties;
|
|
|
|
our ability to access capital and any future financings by us;
|
|
|
|
the ability of our Advisor to attract and retain highly talented
professionals; and
|
|
|
|
the impact of changes to tax legislation and, generally, our tax
position.
|
This prospectus, and other statements that we may make, may
contain forward-looking statements with respect to future
financial or business performance, strategies or expectations.
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or
phrases such as trend, opportunity,
pipeline, believe,
comfortable, expect,
anticipate, current,
intention, estimate,
position, assume, plan,
potential, project, outlook,
continue, remain, maintain,
sustain, seek, achieve and
similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as
will, would, should,
could, may or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions,
risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking
statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we
assume no duty to and do not undertake to update forward-looking
statements. These forward-looking statements do not meet the
safe harbor for forward-looking statements pursuant to
Section 27A of the Securities Act. Actual results could
differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking
statements and future results could differ materially from
historical performance.
37
BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
AND REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY ELECTIONS
In connection with this offering, we will file an election to be
regulated as a business development company under the 1940 Act.
In addition, we intend to elect to be treated, and intend to
qualify, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, commencing
with our taxable year ending on December 31, 2010. Our
election to be regulated as a business development company and
our election to be treated as a RIC will have a significant
impact on our future operations. Some of the most important
effects on our future operations of our election to be regulated
as a business development company and our election to be treated
as a RIC are outlined below.
Investment
Reporting
We will report our investments at fair value with changes in
value reported through our statement of operations. In
accordance with the requirements of Article 6 of
Regulation S-X,
we will report all of our investments, including debt
investments, at fair value. Changes in these values will be
reported through our statement of operations under the caption
entitled total net change in unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) from investments. See Determination
of Net Asset Value.
Income
Tax Expense
We generally will be required to pay income taxes only on the
portion of our taxable income we do not distribute to
stockholders (actually or constructively). As a RIC, so long as
we meet certain minimum distribution, source-of-income and asset
diversification requirements, we generally will be required to
pay income taxes only on the portion of our taxable income and
gains we do not distribute (actually or constructively) and
certain built-in gains, if any.
Use of
Leverage
Our ability to use leverage as a means of financing our
portfolio of investments will be limited. As a business
development company, we will be required to meet a coverage
ratio of total assets to total senior securities of at least
200%. For this purpose, senior securities include all borrowings
and any preferred stock we may issue in the future.
Additionally, our ability to continue to utilize leverage as a
means of financing our portfolio of investments will be limited
by this asset coverage test. In connection with this offering
and our intended election to be regulated as a business
development company, we expect to file a request with the SEC
for exemptive relief to allow us to exclude any indebtedness
guaranteed by the SBA and issued by our SBIC subsidiary from the
200% asset coverage requirements applicable to us. While the SEC
has granted exemptive relief in substantially similar
circumstances in the past, no assurance can be given that an
exemptive order will be granted.
Distribution
Policy
As a RIC, we intend to distribute to our stockholders
substantially all of our income, except possibly for certain net
long-term capital gains. We may make deemed distributions to our
stockholders of some or all of our retained net long-term
capital gains. If this happens, you will be treated as if you
had received an actual distribution of the capital gains and
reinvested the net after-tax proceeds in us. In general, you
also would be eligible to claim a tax credit (or, in certain
circumstances, a tax refund) equal to your allocable share of
the tax we paid on the deemed distribution. See
Distributions and Material U.S. Federal
Income Tax Considerations.
38
THE
EXCHANGE TRANSACTION
We were formed in March 2010 to continue and expand the business
of Compass Horizon. Compass Horizon is the entity that currently
owns all of the portfolio investments that we will own upon the
closing of this offering. From commencing operations in March
2008 through the date of this prospectus, all of the outstanding
limited liability company interests in Compass Horizon have been
owned by the Compass Horizon Owners.
Prior to the completion of the offering, Compass Horizon intends
to make a cash distribution to CHP of
$ million from net interest
and other loan income and net capital gains and
$ million as a return of
capital, which we call the Pre-IPO Distribution.
After the Pre-IPO Distribution and immediately prior to the
completion of the offering, the Compass Owners will exchange
their membership interests in Compass Horizon
for shares
of our common stock, which we call the Share
Exchange. Upon completion of the Share Exchange and this
offering, Compass Horizon will become our wholly owned
subsidiary and we will effectively own all of Compass
Horizons assets, including all of its investments and its
subsidiary.
Concurrent with this offering, CHP will offer to
sell shares
of our common stock, which it received in the Share Exchange.
After the completion of this offering, assuming the sale
of shares
of our common stock by the selling stockholder and the issuance
of shares
of our common stock by us in this offering, CHP will
own
shares of our common stock, or % of
the total outstanding shares of our common stock. Upon
completion of the Share Exchange and this offering, HTF-CHF will
own shares
of our common stock, or % of the
total outstanding shares of our common stock.
39
UNAUDITED
PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial information sets forth our unaudited pro forma and
historical consolidated statements of operations for the year
ended December 31, 2009 and the unaudited pro forma and
historical consolidated balance sheets at December 31,
2009. Such information is based on the audited financial
statements of Compass Horizon appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus, as adjusted to illustrate the estimated pro forma
effects of the pro forma adjustments described below. Compass
Horizon is considered to be our predecessor for accounting
purposes and its consolidated financial statements are our
historical consolidated financial statements.
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet at
December 31, 2009, and the unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated statement of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2009, give effect to the following:
|
|
|
|
|
our qualification as a BDC and changes in accounting principles
as a result of our election to be treated as a BDC immediately
following the completion of this offering, which requires all of
our investments to be carried at market value, or for
investments with no ascertainable market value, fair value as
determined in good faith by our board of directors;
|
|
|
|
our qualification and election to be treated as a RIC, including
the income tax consequences of our election, following the
completion of this offering;
|
|
|
|
the Pre-IPO Distribution and the Share Exchange;
|
|
|
|
the sale
of shares
of common stock in this offering and the use of proceeds from
this offering; and
|
|
|
|
the consolidation of our wholly owned special purpose financing
subsidiaries, Compass Horizon and Credit I, which will
continue to be consolidated with the Company following the
completion of this offering.
|
The unaudited pro forma adjustments are based on available
information and certain assumptions that we believe are
reasonable. Presentation of the unaudited pro forma financial
information is prepared in conformity with Article 11 of
Regulation S-X.
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial
information was prepared on a basis consistent with that used in
preparing our audited consolidated financial statements and
includes all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring
items, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the
financial position and results of operations for the unaudited
periods.
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial
information should be read in conjunction with the sections of
this prospectus entitled The Exchange Transaction,
Use of Proceeds, Managements Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations, and our historical consolidated financial
statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial information is for informational purposes only and is
not intended to represent or be indicative of the consolidated
results of operations or financial position that we would have
reported had the pro forma adjustments and this offering been
completed on the dates indicated and should not be taken as
representative of our future consolidated results of operations
or financial position.
40
Unaudited
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for this
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering and
|
|
|
Horizon
|
|
|
|
Compass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-IPO
|
|
|
Technology
|
|
|
|
Horizon Funding
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
|
Company LLC
|
|
|
for BDC/RIC
|
|
|
As adjusted for
|
|
|
and Share
|
|
|
Corporation
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
Elections
|
|
|
RIC/BDC Elections
|
|
|
Exchange
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Loans receivable
|
|
|
111,420,239
|
|
|
|
(765,953
|
)(A)
|
|
|
110,654,286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(1,924,034
|
)
|
|
|
1,924,034
|
(B)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans receivable, net
|
|
|
109,496,205
|
|
|
|
1,158,081
|
|
|
|
110,654,286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
3,022,080
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,022,080
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS
|
|
$
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
$
|
1,158,081
|
|
|
$
|
126,026,094
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
|
Borrowings
|
|
$
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
1,208,932
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,208,932
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
|
|
|
65,375,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65,375,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MEMBERS CAPITAL/ STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital
|
|
|
59,441,057
|
|
|
|
1,924,034
|
(B)
|
|
|
61,365,091
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(767,877
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(767,877
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain on investments
|
|
|
819,489
|
|
|
|
(765,953
|
)(A)
|
|
|
53,536
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MEMBERS CAPITAL/ STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
|
1,158,081
|
|
|
|
60,650,750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS
CAPITAL/STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
$
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
$
|
1,158,081
|
|
|
$
|
126,026,094
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial information
41
Unaudited
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
For the Year Ended December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for this
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering and
|
|
|
Horizon
|
|
|
|
Compass
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-IPO
|
|
|
Technology
|
|
|
|
Horizon Funding
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
|
Company LLC
|
|
|
for BDC/RIC
|
|
|
As adjusted for
|
|
|
and Share
|
|
|
Corporation
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
|
Elections
|
|
|
RIC/BDC Elections
|
|
|
Exchange
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
INCOME
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income on loans
|
|
$
|
14,987,322
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
14,987,322
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
338,986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
338,986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income
|
|
|
15,326,308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,326,308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
(274,381
|
)
|
|
|
274,381
|
(B)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after provision for loan losses
|
|
|
15,051,927
|
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
15,326,308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
4,244,804
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,244,804
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee expense
|
|
|
2,202,268
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,202,268
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
321,506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
321,506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,768,578
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,768,578
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before net realized and unrealized gains (loss) on
investments
|
|
|
8,283,349
|
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
8,557,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized gain on investments
|
|
|
137,696
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,696
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
|
|
|
892,130
|
|
|
|
263,150
|
(A)
|
|
|
1,155,280
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME
|
|
$
|
9,313,175
|
|
|
$
|
537,531
|
|
|
$
|
9,850,706
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated
financial information
42
Notes to
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and
Statement of Operations
Pro Forma Adjustments:
(A) Represents adjustment of our loans to fair value as
required for a business development company. For a discussion of
our valuation policy following this offering, please see
Determination of Net Asset Value. Since our
inception and through December 31, 2009, our net unrealized
losses totaled $765,953, which is comprised of net unrealized
losses of $1,029,102 in 2008 and unrealized gains of $263,150 in
2009.
(B) Represents elimination of allowance for loan losses and
provision for loan losses. In future periods, following our
election to be treated as a business development company, we
will no longer record an allowance for loan losses. We will
value each individual loan and investment on a quarterly basis
at fair value which shall be the market value, or, if no market
value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good
faith pursuant to procedures approved by our board of directors
in accordance with our valuation policy. The following is a
summary of the changes in the allowance for loan losses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) Through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2009
|
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
1,649,653
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
1,649,653
|
|
Charge offs, net of recoveries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
1,924,034
|
|
|
$
|
1,649,653
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(C) Pre-IPO Distribution, Member Interest Exchange for
Common Stock and Offering-Related Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-IPO distribution to Members:
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members Interest exchange for Common Stock:
|
|
|
|
|
Member interest
|
|
$
|
|
|
Par value of common stock issued
|
|
$
|
|
|
Paid-in capital
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Represents estimated net proceeds from common stock offering:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
|
|
Offering price
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated gross proceeds
|
|
$
|
|
|
Estimated fees and expenses
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Par value of common stock issued
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in capital
|
|
$
|
|
|
43
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We are
offering shares
of our common stock and the selling stockholder is
offering shares
(based on the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of
this prospectus) of our common stock through the underwriters.
The net proceeds of the offering of shares by us are estimated
to be approximately $
(approximately $ if the
underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase
additional shares in full) assuming an initial public offering
price of $ per share (based on the
mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of this
prospectus) after deducting the underwriting discounts and
commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We
will not receive any of the proceeds from the shares sold by the
selling stockholder.
We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering for new
investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our
investment objective and strategies described in this
prospectus, for general working capital purposes, and for
temporary repayment of debt. We will also pay operating
expenses, including management and administrative fees, and may
pay other expenses such as due diligence expenses of potential
new investments, from the net proceeds of this offering. We
anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds of this
offering will be used for the above purposes within nine months,
depending on the availability of appropriate investment
opportunities consistent with our investment objective and
market conditions. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds
to capitalize an SBIC subsidiary to the extent our
Advisors application to license such entity as an SBIC is
approved. We cannot assure you we will achieve our targeted
investment pace.
Pending such use, we will invest the remaining net proceeds of
this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents,
U.S. Government securities and high-quality debt
investments that mature in one year or less from the date of
investment. These temporary investments may have lower yields
than our other investments and, accordingly, may result in lower
distributions, if any, during such period. See
Regulation Temporary Investments for
additional information about temporary investments we may make
while waiting to make longer-term investments in pursuit of our
investment objective.
44
DISTRIBUTIONS
To the extent we have income available, we intend to make
quarterly distributions to our stockholders beginning with our
first full quarter after the completion of this offering. The
timing and amount of our quarterly distributions, if any, will
be determined by our board of directors. Any distributions to
our stockholders will be declared out of assets legally
available for distribution.
We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify, as a
RIC under Subchapter M of the Code commencing with our taxable
year ending on December 31, 2010. To obtain the federal
income tax benefits allowable to RICs, we will be required to
distribute an amount equal to at least 90% of our net ordinary
income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of
realized net long-term capital losses, if any. In order to avoid
certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we currently intend to
distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to
the sum of (1) 98% of our ordinary income (not taking into
account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year,
(2) 98% of the amount by which our capital gains exceed our
capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the
one-year period generally ending on October 31st of
the calendar year and (3) certain undistributed amounts
from previous years on which we paid no U.S. federal income
tax. In addition, although we currently intend to distribute
realized net capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gains in
excess of short-term capital losses), if any, at least annually,
out of the assets legally available for such distributions, we
may in the future decide to retain such capital gains for
investment. In such event, the consequences of our retention of
net capital gains are as described under Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations. We can offer
no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the
payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior
securities, the 1940 Act asset coverage requirements or the
terms of the senior securities, may prevent us from making
distributions to our stockholders.
We intend to maintain an opt out dividend
reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if
we declare a cash distribution, each stockholders cash
distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional
shares of our common stock unless the stockholder specifically
opts out of our dividend reinvestment plan so as to
receive cash distributions. Stockholders who receive
distributions in the form of shares of common stock will be
subject to the same federal income tax consequences as if they
received cash distributions. See Dividend Reinvestment
Plan and Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations.
45
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
December 31, 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
for Compass Horizon on an actual basis; and
|
|
|
|
for Horizon Technology Finance Corporation on an as adjusted
basis to reflect:
|
|
|
|
|
|
completion of the Pre-IPO Distribution;
|
|
|
|
completion of the Share Exchange; and
|
|
|
|
the sale
of shares
of our common stock in this offering by us and the selling
stockholder at an assumed initial public offering price of
$ per share (the mid-point of the
range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), after
deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and
organizational and offering expenses of approximately
$ payable by us, and the use of
proceeds from this offering.
|
You should read this table together with Use of
Proceeds and Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
and the consolidated financial statements and related notes
included in this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
Compass Horizon
|
|
|
Horizon Technology
|
|
|
|
Funding Company LLC
|
|
|
Finance Corporation
|
|
|
|
Actual
|
|
|
As Adjusted
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings
|
|
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
1,208,932
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
65,375,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital / Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital
|
|
$
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, par value $0.001 per
share; shares
authorized, shares
outstanding, as adjusted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Members capital / Stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted
to the extent of the difference between the initial public
offering price per share of our common stock and the as-adjusted
pro forma net asset value per share of our common stock
immediately after the completion of this offering.
Our net asset value as of December 31, 2009 was
approximately
$ .
Our pro forma net asset value as of 2009, would have been
$ per share. We determined our pro
forma net asset value per share before this offering by dividing
the net asset value (total assets less total liabilities) as
of ,
2009, by the pro forma number of shares of common stock
outstanding as
of ,
2009, after giving effect to the exchange transaction occurring
prior to the completion of this offering. See The Exchange
Transaction.
After giving effect to the sale
of shares
of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial
public offering price of $ per
share (based on the mid-point of the range set forth on the
cover of this prospectus) and after deducting the sales load
(underwriting discount) and estimated offering expenses payable
by us, our pro forma net asset value as
of ,
2009 would have been approximately
$ million, or
$ per share. This represents an
immediate increase in pro forma net asset value of
$ per share to our existing
stockholders and an immediate dilution of
$ per share to new investors who
purchase our common stock in the offering at the initial public
offering price. The following table shows this immediate per
share dilution:
|
|
|
|
|
Assumed initial public offering price per share
|
|
$
|
|
|
Pro forma net asset value per share before this offering but
after giving effect to the Exchange Transaction
|
|
$
|
|
|
Increase (decrease) in net asset value per share attributable to
new investors in this offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
Pro forma net asset value per share after this offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
Dilution per share to new
investors(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
To the extent the
underwriters option to purchase additional shares is
exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors.
|
47
SELECTED
FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
Compass Horizon is considered to be our predecessor for
accounting purposes and its consolidated financial statements
are our historical consolidated financial statements. We have
derived the selected historical balance sheet information as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008 and the selected statement of
operations information for the year ended December 31, 2009
and for the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) through
December 31, 2008 from Compass Horizons financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which were
audited by McGladrey & Pullen LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm.
The financial and other information below should be read in
conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our
audited historical financial statements included elsewhere in
this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) Through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2009
|
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
|
Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and other loan income
|
|
$
|
15,259,026
|
|
|
$
|
6,662,232
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
67,282
|
|
|
|
358,820
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
1,649,653
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,768,578
|
|
|
|
4,031,815
|
|
Net realized gains on warrants
|
|
|
137,696
|
|
|
|
21,571
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on warrants
|
|
|
892,130
|
|
|
|
(72,641
|
)
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
9,313,175
|
|
|
$
|
1,288,514
|
|
Other Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar-weighted average annualized yield on investment
portfolio(1)
|
|
|
13.9
|
%
|
|
|
12.7
|
%
|
Number of portfolio companies at period end
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2009
|
|
|
December 31,
2008
|
|
|
Gross loans receivable
|
|
$
|
112,571,708
|
|
|
$
|
94,023,359
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
|
20,024,408
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
|
115,214,888
|
|
Borrowings
|
|
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
|
63,673,016
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
65,375,344
|
|
|
|
65,430,080
|
|
Total members capital
|
|
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
|
49,784,808
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Throughout this prospectus, the
dollar-weighted average yield on loans is computed as the
(a) total interest and other loan income divided by
(b) the average gross loans receivable. Income for 2008 was
annualized as investing activities commenced in March 2008.
|
48
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with
our consolidated financial statements and related notes and
other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.
In addition to historical information, the following discussion
and other parts of this report contain forward-looking
information that involves risks and uncertainties. Our actual
results could differ materially from those anticipated by such
forward-looking information due to the factors discussed under
Risk Factors and Cautionary Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements appearing elsewhere herein.
Overview
We are an externally-managed finance company. Our investment
objective is to generate current income from the loans we make
and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when
making such loans. We make secured loans to development-stage
companies in our Target Industries which are backed by
established venture capital and private equity firms. Our
secured loans consist of term loans, revolving loans or
equipment loans. Our loans are secured by all or a portion of
the tangible and intangible assets of the borrower. We are
managed by Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, our
Advisor. Our Advisor also provides the administrative services
necessary for us to operate.
We believe our existing loan portfolio has performed well since
its inception notwithstanding the economic downturn starting in
2008 and continuing through 2009, and we have no realized losses
(charge-offs) in our loan portfolio since we commenced
operations in March 2008. As of December 31, 2009, our loan
portfolio consisted of 32 loans which totaled
$112.6 million, and our members capital was
$59.5 million.
Critical
Accounting Policies
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America. In preparing the consolidated
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, management is required to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and
liabilities, as of the date of the balance sheet and income and
expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Following the completion of this offering as a
consequence of our adopting investment company accounting
pursuant to Article 6 of
Regulation S-X,
we will be required to change some of the accounting principles
used to prepare our historical consolidated financial statements
discussed in this section. For a more detailed discussion about
these principles and the impact that these principals would have
on our financial results, see Unaudited Pro Forma
Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and
Business Development Company and Regulated Investment
Company Elections.
We have identified the following items as critical accounting
policies.
Allowance
for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents managements
estimate of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio
as of the balance sheet date. The estimation of the allowance is
based on a variety of factors, including past loan loss
experience, the current credit profile of our borrowers, adverse
situations that have occurred that may affect individual
borrowers ability to repay, the estimated value of
underlying collateral and general economic conditions. The loan
portfolio is comprised of large balance loans that are evaluated
individually for impairment and are risk-rated based upon a
borrowers individual situation, current economic
conditions, collateral and industry-specific information that
management believes is relevant in determining the potential
occurrence of a loss event and in measuring impairment. The
allowance for loan losses is sensitive to the risk rating
assigned to each of the loans and to corresponding qualitative
loss factors that we use to estimate the allowance. The factors
are applied to the outstanding loan balances in estimating the
allowance for loan losses. If necessary, based on performance
factors related to specific loans, an additional specific
allowance for loan losses is established for individual impaired
loans. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are charged to
current period earnings through the
49
provision for loan losses. Amounts determined to be
uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses,
while amounts recovered on previously charged-off accounts
increase the allowance for loan losses.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information
and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the
scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according
to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors
considered by management in determining impairment include
payment status, collateral value, and the probability of
collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.
Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment
shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management
determines the significance of payment delays and payment
shortfalls on a
case-by-case
basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances
surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of
the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrowers prior
payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to
the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a
loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected
future cash flows discounted at the loans effective
interest rate, the loans observable market price, or the
fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
Impaired loans also include loans modified in troubled debt
restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers
experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could
include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment
extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other
actions intended to maximize collection. There have been no
troubled debt restructurings during 2009 or 2008.
In future periods, following our election to be treated as a
business development company, we will no longer record an
allowance for loan losses. We will value each individual loan
and investment on a quarterly basis at fair value which shall be
the market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the
fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors
in accordance with our valuation policy. Changes in these values
will be recorded through our statement of operations. See
Determination of Net Asset Value and Unaudited
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.
Warrant
Valuation
In connection with substantially all of our lending
arrangements, we receive warrants to purchase shares of stock
from the borrower. Because the warrant agreements contain net
exercise or cashless exercise provisions, the
warrants qualify as derivative instruments. The warrants are
recorded as assets at estimated fair value on the grant date
using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The warrants are
considered loan fees and are also recorded as unearned loan
income on the grant date. The unearned income is recognized as
interest income over the contractual life of the related loan in
accordance with the Companys income recognition policy. As
all the warrants held are deemed to be derivatives, they are
measured on a quarterly basis at fair value using the
Black-Scholes valuation model. Any adjustment to fair value is
recorded through earnings as net unrealized gain or loss. Gains
from the disposition of the warrants or stock acquired from the
exercise of warrants, are recognized as realized gains.
We value the warrant assets incorporating the following material
assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying asset value of the issuer is estimated based on
information available, including any information regarding the
most recent rounds of borrower funding.
|
|
|
|
Volatility, or the amount of uncertainty or risk about the size
of the changes in the warrant price, is based on guideline
publicly traded companies within indices similar in nature to
the underlying client companies issuing the warrant. A total of
seven such indices were used. The weighted average volatility
assumptions used for the warrant valuation at December 31,
2009 and 2008 were 29% and 25%, respectively.
|
|
|
|
The risk-free interest rates are derived from the
U.S. Treasury yield curve. The risk-free interest rates are
calculated based on a weighted average of the risk-free interest
rates that correspond closest to the expected remaining life of
the warrant.
|
|
|
|
Other adjustments, including a marketability discount, are
estimated based on managements judgment about the general
industry environment.
|
50
Income
Recognition
Interest on loans is accrued and included in income based on
contractual rates applied to principal amounts outstanding.
Interest income on loans is determined using a method that
results in a level rate of return on principal amounts
outstanding. When a loan becomes 90 days or more past due,
or if we otherwise do not expect to receive interest and
principal repayments, the loan is placed on non-accrual status
and the recognition of interest income is discontinued. Interest
payments received on loans that are on non-accrual status are
treated as reductions of principal until the principal is
repaid. No loans were on non-accrual status as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008.
We receive a variety of fees from borrowers in the ordinary
course of conducting our business, including advisory fees,
commitment fees, amendment fees, non-utilization fees and
prepayment fees (collectively, the Fees). In a
limited number of cases, we may also receive a non-refundable
deposit earned upon the termination of a transaction. Loan
origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are
deferred, and along with unearned income, are amortized as a
level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.
Fees for counterparty loan commitments with multiple loans are
allocated to each loan based upon each loans relative fair
value. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the
amortization of the related Fee and unearned income is
discontinued until the loan is returned to accrual status.
Certain loan agreements also require the borrower to make an
end-of-term payment that is accrued into income over the life of
the loan to the extent such amounts are expected to be
collected. We will generally cease accruing the income if there
is insufficient value to support the accrual or if we do not
expect the borrower to be able to pay all principal and interest
due.
Portfolio
Composition and Investment Activity
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, our loan portfolio
consisted of 32 and 26 loans, respectively, which had an
aggregate book value of approximately $112.6 million and
$94.0 million, respectively, and our warrant portfolio had
an aggregate book value of $2.5 million and
$0.7 million, respectively. We originated approximately
$50.0 million of new loans in 18 portfolio companies and
$112.2 million of new loans in 38 portfolio companies for
the year ended December 31, 2009 and the period from
March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31, 2008,
respectively. We reduced the level of new loan originations in
early 2009 in reaction to the significant disruption in the
financial and credit markets. We had total loan principal
repayments of $31.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2009 including five borrowers that prepaid
their loan in an aggregate amount of $14.6 million and
total loan principal repayments of $18.2 million for the
period ended December 31, 2008 including five borrowers
that prepaid their loan in an aggregate amount of
$14.1 million. Our borrowers typically prepay our loans at
a faster rate than is contractually required which is often due
to a borrowers completion of an initial public offering,
being acquired or refinancing our loan with another lender.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, accrued interest
receivable was $1.5 million and $0.5 million,
respectively. The increase in 2009 was due to a larger loan
portfolio relative to 2008 and represents one month of accrued
interest income on each of our loans. No loans were on
non-accrual status in either period.
During the period ended December 31, 2008, we paid total
debt issuance costs of $3.4 million. As of
December 31, 2009 and 2008, the amortized balance of debt
issuance costs was $1.4 million and $2.5 million,
respectively, and the amortization expense relating to debt
issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2009 and
period ended December 31, 2008 was $1.1 million and
$1.0 million, respectively. These costs relate to our
Credit Facility which closed in March 2008 and are amortized
into the consolidated statement of operations as interest
expense over the term of our Credit Facility.
51
The following table shows our portfolio by asset class as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
# of
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
# of
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Secured term loans
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
$
|
105,371
|
|
|
|
91.6%
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
$
|
78,497
|
|
|
|
82.9%
|
|
Secured revolving loans
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3,682
|
|
|
|
3.2%
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
15,526
|
|
|
|
16.4%
|
|
Equipment loans
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3,519
|
|
|
|
3.1%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.0%
|
|
Warrants to purchase stock
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
2,458
|
|
|
|
2.1%
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
|
0.7%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
115,030
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
94,717
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The largest loans may vary from year to year as new loans are
recorded and repaid. Our five largest loans represented
approximately 28% and 29% of total loans outstanding as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. No single loan
represents more than 10% of the total loans as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008.
The following table shows our loan portfolio by industry sector
as of December 31, 2009 and 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Loans at
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Loans at
|
|
|
Percentage of
|
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
of Total
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Life Science
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biotechnology
|
|
$
|
22,050
|
|
|
|
19.6%
|
|
|
$
|
21,000
|
|
|
|
22.3%
|
|
Medical Device
|
|
|
16,195
|
|
|
|
14.4%
|
|
|
|
18,523
|
|
|
|
19.7%
|
|
Technology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer-related Technologies
|
|
|
15,371
|
|
|
|
13.7%
|
|
|
|
5,750
|
|
|
|
6.1%
|
|
Networking
|
|
|
14,737
|
|
|
|
13.1%
|
|
|
|
4,856
|
|
|
|
5.2%
|
|
Software
|
|
|
13,033
|
|
|
|
11.6%
|
|
|
|
15,801
|
|
|
|
16.8%
|
|
Data Storage
|
|
|
9,075
|
|
|
|
8.1%
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
10.7%
|
|
Internet and Media
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
2.2%
|
|
|
|
2,500
|
|
|
|
2.7%
|
|
Communications
|
|
|
2,451
|
|
|
|
2.1%
|
|
|
|
3,093
|
|
|
|
3.3%
|
|
Semiconductors
|
|
|
867
|
|
|
|
0.7%
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1.0%
|
|
Healthcare Information and Services Diagnostics
|
|
|
16,293
|
|
|
|
14.5%
|
|
|
|
11,500
|
|
|
|
12.2%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
112,572
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
$
|
94,023
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio
Asset Quality
We use a credit rating system which rates each loan on a scale
of 4 to 1, with 4 being the highest credit quality rating and 3
being the rating for a standard level of risk. A rating of 2 or
1 represents a deteriorating credit quality
52
and increased risk. See Business for more detailed
descriptions. The following table shows the classification of
our loan portfolio by credit rating as of December 31, 2009
and 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Loans at
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Loans at
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
of Loan
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
of Loan
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Credit Rating
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
$
|
19,303
|
|
|
|
17.2%
|
|
|
$
|
12,500
|
|
|
|
13.3%
|
|
3
|
|
|
64,992
|
|
|
|
57.7%
|
|
|
|
58,087
|
|
|
|
61.8%
|
|
2
|
|
|
28,277
|
|
|
|
25.1%
|
|
|
|
23,436
|
|
|
|
24.9%
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
112,572
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
$
|
94,023
|
|
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, our loan portfolio had a
weighted average credit rating of 2.9.
Results
of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the
period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31,
2008
Compass Horizon, our predecessor for accounting purposes, was
formed as a Delaware limited liability company in January 2008
and had limited operations through March 3, 2008. As a
result, there is no period with which to compare our results of
operations for the period from January 1, 2009 through
March 3, 2009 or for the period from March 4, 2008
through December 31, 2008.
Interest
and Other Loan Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) to
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Interest income on loans
|
|
$
|
14,987
|
|
|
$
|
6,530
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest and other loan income
|
|
$
|
15,259
|
|
|
$
|
6,662
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
$
|
67
|
|
|
$
|
359
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31, 2009, interest income on
loans and total interest and other loan income increased
primarily due to (i) the increased average size of the loan
portfolio from $63 million to $109 million and
(ii) there being a full 12 months of income in 2009
compared to only 10 months in 2008 in light of when we
commenced operations. Other income was primarily comprised of
loan prepayment fees collected from our portfolio companies.
Other interest income was primarily income from interest earned
on cash and cash equivalents held in interest bearing accounts.
During 2009, we held lower average cash balances than 2008, and
the interest bearing accounts had lower interest rates on which
to earn income on such balances.
For the year ended December 31, 2009 and the ten month
period ended December 31, 2008, our dollar-weighted average
annualized yield on average loans was approximately 13.9% and
12.7%, respectively. We compute the yield on average loans as
(i) total interest and other loan income (as described
below) divided by (b) average gross loans receivable. We
used month end loan balances during the period to compute
average loans receivable. Since we commenced operations in March
2008, the results for the period ended December 31, 2008
were annualized.
53
Interest and other loan income, consisting of interest income
and fees on loans, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of
large loans. Interest income from the five largest loans
accounted for approximately 23% and 21% of total loan interest
and fee income for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the
period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31,
2008, respectively.
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) to
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Management fee expense
|
|
$
|
2,202
|
|
|
$
|
1,073
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
4,245
|
|
|
|
2,748
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
$
|
6,769
|
|
|
$
|
4,032
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses for each period consisted principally of
management fees and interest expense and, to a lesser degree,
professional fees and general and administrative expenses.
Interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt
issuance costs, increased in 2009 from 2008 primarily from
higher average outstanding debt balances on the Credit Facility,
partially offset by lower rates charged on the Credit Facility
due to lower level of the Credit Facilitys index rate,
one-month LIBOR. Management fees are paid monthly in arrears
based on the outstanding loan investments. The increase in
management fees paid was primarily due to an increase in the
average loan portfolio in 2009 from 2008 of $63 million to
$109 million and a full 12 months of expense in 2009
compared to only 10 months in 2008. Professional fees and
general and administrative expenses include legal, consulting
and accounting fees, insurance premiums, and miscellaneous other
expenses, which increased because of the longer period in 2009.
Net
Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses
The following is a summary of net realized gains and net
unrealized gains (losses) on warrants for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and for the period ended
December 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) to
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|
Net realized gains on warrants
|
|
$
|
138
|
|
|
$
|
22
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on warrants
|
|
$
|
892
|
|
|
$
|
(73
|
)
|
For the year ended December 31, 2009 and the period ended
December 31, 2008, net realized gains on warrants resulted
from the exercise of warrants in each period in connection with
portfolio company merger transactions. Net unrealized gain
(loss) on warrants is the difference between the net change in
warrant fair values from the prior determination date and the
reversal of previously recorded unrealized gains or losses when
gains or losses are realized.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
To date, our primary sources of capital have been from our
Credit Facility with WestLB AG, New York Branch, as more fully
described in Borrowings below and from the private
placement for $50 million of equity capital we completed on
March 4, 2008.
54
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had cash and cash
equivalents of approximately $9.9 million and
$20.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2009
and 2008, we had available borrowing capacity of approximately
$85.8 million and $86.3 million, respectively, under
the Credit Facility, subject to existing terms and advance
rates. We primarily invest available cash in interest bearing
money market accounts.
For the year ended December 31, 2009 and for the period
ended December 31, 2008, net cash provided by operating
activities totaled approximately $8.0 million and
$4.1 million, respectively. The increase in 2009 was
primarily due to higher income from operations in 2009.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and for the period ended
December 31, 2008, totaled approximately $18.6 million
and $94.0 million, respectively. The reduction in cash used
in investing activities in 2009 was largely due to the reduced
level of new loans funded in 2009 as well as a higher level of
scheduled loan repayments and unscheduled loan prepayments in
2009 as the portfolio continued to grow and mature.
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled
$.5 million and $109.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and for the period ended
December 31, 2008, respectively. Higher cash flows in 2008
were primarily due to the initial equity capital contribution to
us as well as net new borrowings under the Credit Facility to
fund new loan investments. Lower cash provided by financing
activities in 2009 reflects the use of loan repayments from
existing loans to fund new loans rather than drawing additional
amounts under the Credit Facility. Because we believe we had
sufficient capital in 2009, we did not raise additional capital
during the year.
We intend to generate additional cash primarily from additional
borrowings under the current Credit Facility as well as from
cash flows from operations. Our primary use of available funds
will be investments in portfolio companies and cash
distributions to holders of our common stock. After we have used
our current capital resources, including the net proceeds from
this offering, we expect to opportunistically raise additional
capital as needed and subject to market conditions to support
our future growth through future equity offerings, issuances of
senior securities
and/or
future borrowings, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. To
the extent we determine to raise additional equity through an
offering of our common stock at a price below net asset value,
existing investors will experience dilution.
In order to satisfy the Code requirements applicable to a RIC,
we intend to distribute to our stockholders all or substantially
all of our income except for certain net capital gains. In
addition, as a business development company, we generally will
be required to meet a coverage ratio of 200%. This requirement
will limit the amount that we may borrow. Upon the receipt of
the net proceeds from this offering, we will be in compliance
with the asset coverage ratio under the 1940 Act.
If we receive approval to license an SBIC, we will have the
ability to issue debentures guaranteed by the SBA at favorable
interest rates. Under the Small Business Investment Act and the
SBA rules applicable to SBICs, an SBIC can have outstanding at
any time debentures guaranteed by the SBA generally in an amount
up to twice its regulatory capital, which generally is the
amount raised from private investors. The maximum statutory
limit on the dollar amount of outstanding debentures guaranteed
by the SBA issued by a single SBIC or group of SBICs under
common control as of December 31, 2009, was
$150 million (which amount is subject to increase on an
annual basis based on cost of living index increases).
Borrowings
We, through our wholly owned subsidiary, Credit I, entered
into a revolving credit facility (the Credit
Facility) with WestLB AG, New York Branch as Lender
(WestLB) effective March 4, 2008. Per this
agreement, base rate borrowings bear interest at one-month LIBOR
(0.23% and 0.44% as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively) plus 2.50%.
In ,
2010, we received consent from WestLB to amend and restate our
Credit Facility to allow for the change of control that occurs
upon the completion this offering. The facility size will be
$125 million upon the completion of this offering. All
other terms and conditions of the Credit Facility will remain
the same upon the completion of the offering.
We may request advances under the Credit Facility (the
Revolving Period) through March 4, 2011, unless
the Revolving Period is extended upon Credit Is request
and upon mutual agreement of WestLB and Credit I. After the
55
Revolving Period, we may not request new advances and we must
repay the outstanding advances under the Credit Facility as of
such date at such times and in such amounts as are necessary to
maintain compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit
Facility, particularly the condition that the principal balance
of the Credit Facility does not exceed seventy-five percent
(75%) of the aggregate principal balance of our eligible loans
to our portfolio companies. All outstanding advances under the
Credit Facility are due and payable on March 4, 2015
(Maturity Date), unless such date is extended upon
Credit Is request and upon mutual agreement of WestLB and
Credit I.
The Credit Facility is collateralized by loans held by Credit I
and permits an advance rate of up to 75% of eligible loans. The
Credit Facility contains certain customary affirmative and
negative covenants, including covenants that restrict certain of
our subsidiaries ability to make loans to, or investments
in, third parties (other than technology loans and warrants or
other equity participation rights), pay dividends and
distributions, incur additional indebtedness and engage in
mergers or consolidations. The Credit Facility also restricts
certain of our subsidiaries and our Advisors ability
to create liens on the collateral securing the Credit Facility,
permit additional negative pledges on such collateral and change
the business currently conducted by them. The Credit Facility
contains events of default, including upon the occurrence of a
change of control, and contains certain financial covenants that
among other things, require Compass Horizon to maintain a
minimum net worth, for fiscal year 2010 and after, equal to the
minimum net worth amount for 2009 plus 50% of Compass
Horizons cumulative positive net income for fiscal year
2010 on and after December 31, 2010, and require our
Advisor to maintain a minimum net worth, for fiscal year 2010
and after, equal to the greater of (i) $1 million or
(ii) the 2009 minimum net worth amount plus 50% of the
cumulative positive net income for each fiscal year. The Credit
Facility also includes borrower concentration limits which
include limitations on the amount of loans to companies in
particular industries sectors and also restrict certain terms of
the loans. At December 31, 2009, based on qualifying assets
of Credit I, we had borrowing capacity of approximately
$72.2 million, and had actual borrowings outstanding of
$64.2 million on the Credit Facility.
Interest
Rate Swaps and Hedging Activities
In 2008, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements,
which we collectively refer to as the Swaps, with
WestLB, fixing the rate of $10 million at 3.58% and
$15 million at 3.2% on the first advances of a like amount
of variable rate Credit Facility borrowings. The interest rate
swaps expire in October 2011 and October 2010, respectively. The
Swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are anticipated to
be highly effective. These Swaps are derivatives and were
designated as hedging instruments at the initiation of the
Swaps, and we have applied cash flow hedge accounting.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Swaps have been
reflected at fair value as a liability on the consolidated
balance sheet and the corresponding unrealized loss on the Swaps
is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive
loss, in members capital, totaling $0.8 million
and $1.2 million, respectively. No ineffectiveness on the
Swaps was recognized during the year ended December 31,
2009 and the period ended December 31, 2008. During the
year ended December 31, 2009, $0.8 million was
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into
interest expense, and $0.6 million is expected to be
reclassified in the next twelve months.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we are party to financial
instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These consist primarily
of unfunded commitments to extend credit, in the form of loans,
to our portfolio companies. Unfunded commitments to provide
funds to portfolio companies are not reflected on our balance
sheet. Our unfunded commitments may be significant from time to
time. As of December 31, 2009, we had unfunded commitments
of approximately $5.4 million. These commitments will be
subject to the same underwriting and ongoing portfolio
maintenance as are the on balance sheet financial instruments
that we hold. Since these commitments may expire without being
drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily
represent future cash requirements. We intend to use primarily
cash flows from operations and our Credit Facility to fund these
commitments. However, there can be no assurance that we will
have sufficient capital available to fund these commitments as
they come due.
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Contractual
Obligations
In addition to the Credit Facility, we have certain commitments
pursuant to our Investment Management Agreement entered into
with Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC, our Advisor. We
have agreed to pay a fee for investment advisory and management
services consisting of two components a base
management fee and an incentive fee. Payments under the
Investment Management Agreement are equal to (1) a base
management fee equal to a percentage of the value of our average
gross assets and (2) a two-part incentive fee. See
Investment Management and Administration Agreements.
We have also entered into a contract with our Advisor to serve
as our administrator. Payments under the Administration
Agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable
portion of our Advisors overhead in performing its
obligation under the agreement, including rent, fees, and other
expenses inclusive of our allocable portion of the compensation
of our chief financial officer and any administrative staff. See
Administration Agreement.
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in
interest rates. During the periods covered by our financial
statements, the interest rates on the loans within our portfolio
were all at fixed rates, or floating rates with a floor, and we
expect that our loans in the future will also have primarily
fixed interest rates. The initial commitments to lend to our
portfolio companies are usually based on a floating LIBOR index
and typically have interest rates that are fixed at the time of
the loan funding and remain fixed for the term of the loan.
Our Credit Facility has a floating interest rate provision based
on a LIBOR index which resets daily, and we expect that, other
than any SBIC debenture program debt, any other credit
facilities into which we enter in the future may have floating
interest rate provisions. We have used hedging instruments in
the past to protect us against interest rate fluctuations and we
may use them in the future. Such instruments may include swaps,
futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities
may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they
may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of
lower interest rates with respect to the investments in our
portfolio with fixed interest rates.
Because we currently fund, and will continue to fund, our
investments with borrowings, our net income is dependent upon
the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the
rate at which we invest the funds borrowed. Accordingly, there
can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest
rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net income.
In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of funds would
increase, which could reduce our net investment income if there
is not a corresponding increase in interest income generated by
floating rate assets in our investment portfolio.
Income
Taxes
For the periods presented our predecessor was a limited
liability company and, as a result, all items of income and
expense were passed through to, and were generally reportable
on, the tax returns of the respective members of the limited
liability company. Therefore, no federal or state income tax
provision has been recorded.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
On July 1, 2009, the Accounting Standards Codification
(ASC) became the Financial Accounting Standards
Boards (FASB) single source of authoritative
U.S. accounting and reporting standards applicable to all
public and non-public non-governmental entities, superseding
existing authoritative principles and related literature. The
adoption of the ASC changed the applicable citations and naming
conventions used when referencing generally accepted accounting
principles in our financial statements.
The FASB issued new guidance on accounting for uncertainty in
income taxes. We adopted this new guidance for the year ended
December 31, 2009. Management evaluated all tax positions
and concluded that there are no uncertain tax positions that
require adjustment to the financial statements to comply with
the provisions of this guidance.
In March 2008, the FASB issued guidance related to disclosures
about derivative instruments and hedging activities. This
guidance requires enhanced disclosures of an entitys
derivative instruments and hedging activities
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and their effects on the entitys financial position,
financial performance and cash flows. We adopted this guidance
in 2009.
In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance which addressed concerns
that fair value measurements emphasized the use of an observable
market transaction even when that transaction may not have been
orderly or the market for that transaction may not have been
active. This guidance relates to the following:
(a) determining when the volume and level of activity for
the asset or liability has significantly decreased;
(b) identifying circumstances in which a transaction is not
orderly; and (c) understanding the fair value measurement
implications of both (a) and (b). We adopted this new
guidance in 2009, and the adoption had no impact on our
financial statements.
In February 2010, the FASB issued guidance which amends the
existing guidance related to fair value measurements and
disclosures. The amendments will require the following new fair
value disclosures:
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Separate disclosure of the significant transfers in and out of
Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, and a
description of the reasons for the transfers.
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In the roll forward of activity for Level 3 fair value
measurements (significant unobservable inputs), purchases,
sales, issuances, and settlements should be presented separately
(on a gross basis rather than as one net number).
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In addition, the amendments clarify existing disclosure
requirements, as follows:
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Fair value measurements and disclosures should be presented for
each class of assets and liabilities within a line item in the
balance sheet.
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Reporting entities should provide disclosures about the
valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for
both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements that
fall in either Level 2 or Level 3.
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The new disclosures and clarifications of existing disclosures
are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures
included in the roll forward of activity for Level 3 fair
value measurements, for which the effective date is for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim
periods within those fiscal years.
In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance which modifies certain
guidance relating to transfers and servicing of financial
assets. This guidance eliminates the concept of qualifying
special purpose entities, provides guidance as to when a portion
of a transferred financial asset can be evaluated for sale
accounting, provides additional guidance with regard to
accounting for transfers of financial assets and requires
additional disclosures. This guidance is effective for us as of
January 1, 2010, with adoption applied prospectively for
transfers that occur on and after the effective date. The
adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material
impact on our financial statements.
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BUSINESS
General
We are an externally-managed, non-diversified closed-end
management investment company that intends to file an election
to be regulated as a business development company under the 1940
Act. In addition, we intend to elect to be treated, and intend
to qualify, as a RIC, under Subchapter M of the Code, commencing
with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We were
formed to continue and expand the business of Compass Horizon
which was formed in January 2008 and commenced operations in
March 2008 and will become our wholly owned subsidiary in
connection with this offering. Our Advisor manages our
day-to-day operations and also provides all administrative
services necessary for us to operate. We invest in
development-stage companies in the technology, life science,
healthcare information and services, and cleantech industries,
which we refer to as our Target Industries. Our investment
objective is to generate current income from the loans we make
and capital appreciation from the warrants we receive when
making such loans. We make secured loans, which we refer to as
Technology Loans, to development-stage companies
backed by established venture capital and private equity firms
in our Target Industries, which we refer to as Technology
Lending. To a limited extent, we also selectively lend to
publicly traded companies in our Target Industries.
We lend to private companies following or in connection with
their receipt of a round of venture capital and private equity
financing, primarily providing secured working capital loans,
secured revolving loans and secured equipment loans that are
secured by all or a portion of the tangible and intangible
assets of the applicable portfolio company. We will seek to
invest, under normal circumstances, most of the value of our
total assets (including the amount of any borrowings for
investment purposes) in our Target Industries.
Our existing loan portfolio will continue to generate revenue
for us. We believe our existing investment portfolio has
performed well since its inception notwithstanding the economic
downturn starting in 2008 and continuing through 2009, and we
have no realized losses (charge-offs) in our loan portfolio
since we commenced operations in March 2008. Our existing
portfolio of investments and loan commitments offer the
following benefits:
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Interest income from the portfolio will provide immediate income
and cash flow allowing for potential near term dividends to our
stockholders;
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Capital gains from warrants received from our existing
investments are expected to be realized sooner than if we were
beginning our initial investment operations without an existing
portfolio of earning assets; and
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Warrants issued to us through the economic downturn have
exercise prices at relatively lower valuations due to the
depressed equity and debt markets in 2008 and 2009.
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Our
Strategy
Our investment objective is to maximize our investment
portfolios total return by generating current income from
the loans we make and capital appreciation from the warrants we
receive when making such loans. We believe our Advisor has
demonstrated that its expertise in debt product development,
transaction sourcing, its knowledge of our Target Industries,
and its disciplined underwriting process create value for our
investors. We believe that this expertise results in returns
that exceed those typically available from more traditional
commercial finance products (such as equipment leasing or middle
market lending) while mitigating the risks typically associated
with investments in development-stage technology companies.
To further implement our business strategy, our Advisor will
continue to employ the following core strategies:
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Structured Investments in the Venture Capital and Private
Equity Markets. We make loans to
development-stage companies within our Target Industries
typically in the form of secured amortizing loans. The secured
amortizing debt structure provides a lower risk strategy, as
compared to equity investments, to participate in the emerging
technology markets, because the debt structures we typically
utilize provide collateral against the downside risk of loss,
provide return of capital in a much shorter timeframe through
current pay interest and amortization of loan principal and have
a senior position in the capital structure to equity in the case
of insolvency, wind down or bankruptcy. Unlike venture capital
and private equity-backed
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investments, our investment returns and return of our capital do
not require equity investment exits such as mergers and
acquisitions or initial public offerings. Instead, we receive
returns on our loans primarily through regularly scheduled
payments of principal and interest and, if necessary,
liquidation of the collateral supporting the loan. Only the
potential gains from warrants are dependent upon exits.
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Enterprise Value Lending. We and
our Advisor take an enterprise value approach to the loan
structuring and underwriting process. Enterprise
value is the value that a portfolio companys most
recent investors place on the portfolio company or
enterprise. The value is determined by multiplying
(x) the number of shares of common stock of the portfolio
company outstanding on the date of calculation, on a fully
diluted basis (assuming the conversion of all outstanding
convertible securities and the exercise of all outstanding
options and warrants), by (y) the price per share paid by
the most recent purchasers of equity securities of the portfolio
company. We secure a senior or subordinated lien position
against the enterprise value of a portfolio company and
generally our exposure is less than 25% of the enterprise value
and we obtain pricing enhancements in the form of warrants and
other success-based fees that build long-term asset
appreciation in our portfolio. These methods reduce the downside
risk of Technology Lending. In instances when we do not obtain a
lien on a portfolio companys intellectual property, we
obtain a covenant that such portfolio company will not grant a
lien on such intellectual property to anyone else, thus ensuring
that we have the right to share in the value of the portfolio
companys intellectual property and enterprise value in a
downside scenario. Enterprise value lending requires
an in-depth understanding of the companies and markets served.
We believe that this in-depth understanding of how venture
capital and private equity-backed companies in our Target
Industries grow in value, finance that growth over time, and
various business cycles can be carefully analyzed by Technology
Lenders who have substantial experience, relationships and
knowledge within the markets they serve. We believe the
experience that our Advisor possesses gives us enhanced
capabilities in making these qualitative enterprise
value evaluations, which we believe can produce a high
quality Technology Loan portfolio with enhanced returns for our
stockholders.
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Creative Products with Attractive Risk-Adjusted
Pricing. Each of our existing and prospective
portfolio companies has its own unique funding need for the
capital provided from the proceeds of our Technology Loans.
These funding needs include, but are not limited to, funds for
additional development runways, funds to hire or retain sales
staff, or funds to invest in research and development in order
to reach important technical milestones in advance of raising
additional equity. Our loans include current pay interest,
commitment fees, pre-payment fees and non-utilization fees. We
believe we have developed pricing tools, structuring techniques
and valuation metrics that satisfy our portfolio companies
requirements while mitigating risk and maximizing returns on our
investments.
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Opportunity for Enhanced Returns. To enhance
our loan portfolio returns, in addition to interest and fees, we
obtain warrants to purchase the equity of our portfolio
companies, as additional consideration for making loans. The
warrants we obtain generally include a cashless
exercise provision to allow us to exercise these rights
without requiring us to make any additional cash investment.
Obtaining warrants in our portfolio companies has allowed us to
participate in the equity appreciation of our portfolio
companies which we expect will enable us to generate higher
returns for our investors.
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Direct Origination. We originate transactions
directly with technology, life science, healthcare information
and services, and cleantech companies. Since it commenced
operations in 2004, our Advisor has directly originated 110
transactions resulting in over $650 million of Technology
Loans. These transactions were referred to our Advisor from a
number of sources, including referrals from, or direct
solicitation of, venture capital and private equity firms,
portfolio company management teams, legal firms, accounting
firms, investment banks and other lenders that represent
companies within our Target Industries. Our Advisor has been the
sole or lead originator in substantially all transactions in
which the funds it managed have invested.
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Disciplined Underwriting, Diversification and Portfolio
Management. We use a disciplined underwriting
process that includes obtaining information validation from
multiple sources, extensive knowledge of our Target Industries,
comparable industry valuation metrics, and sophisticated
financial analysis related to development-stage companies. Our
Advisors due diligence on investment prospects includes
obtaining and
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evaluating information on the prospective portfolio
companys technology, market opportunity, management team,
fund raising history, investor support, valuation
considerations, financial condition and projections. We seek to
diversify our investment portfolio to reduce the risk of down
market cycles associated with any particular industry or sector,
development-stage or geographic area. Our Advisor employs a
hands on approach to portfolio management requiring
private portfolio companies to provide monthly financial
information and to participate in regular updates on performance
and future plans.
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Use of Leverage; SBA Debenture Program. We
believe our existing credit facility provides us with a
substantial amount of capital for deployment into new investment
opportunities. Since its inception, Compass Horizon has employed
leverage to increase its return on equity through the Credit
Facility. The Credit Facility, pursuant to which we expect to be
able to borrow up to $125 million upon completion of this
offering, matures on March 4, 2015. The Credit Facility
will begin to amortize on March 4, 2011. In addition, on
July 14, 2009, our Advisor received a letter, which we
refer to as the Move Forward Letter, from the
Investment Division of the SBA that invited our Advisor to
continue moving forward with the licensing of a small business
investment company, or SBIC. Although our
application to license this entity as a small business
investment company with the SBA is subject to SBA approval, we
remain cautiously optimistic that our Advisor will complete the
licensing process. To the extent that our Advisor receives an
SBIC license, we expect to form an SBIC subsidiary which will
issue SBA-guaranteed debentures at long-term fixed rates,
subject to the required capitalization of the SBIC subsidiary.
Under the regulations applicable to SBICs, an SBIC generally may
have outstanding debentures guaranteed by the SBA in an
aggregate amount of up to twice its regulatory capital.
Regulatory capital generally equates to the amount of an
SBICs equity capital. The SBIC regulations currently limit
the amount that the SBIC subsidiary would be permitted to borrow
to a maximum of $150 million. This means that the SBIC
subsidiary could access the full $150 million maximum
available if it were to have $75 million in regulatory
capital. However, we would not be required to capitalize our
SBIC subsidiary with $75 million and may determine to
capitalize it with a lesser amount. In addition, if we are able
to obtain financing under the SBIC program, the SBIC subsidiary
will be subject to regulation and oversight by the SBA,
including requirements with respect to maintaining certain
minimum financial ratios and other covenants. In connection with
the filing of the SBA license application, we will be applying
for exemptive relief from the SEC to permit us to exclude the
debt of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the SBA from the
consolidated asset coverage ratio, which will enable us to fund
more investments with debt capital. However, there can be no
assurance that our Advisor will be granted an SBIC license or
that if granted it will be granted in a timely manner or that we
will receive the exemptive relief from the SEC. Based upon an
analysis of our Advisors loan originations since
inception, as further evidenced by the Move Forward Letter,
Technology Lending is an appropriate use of the SBA debenture
program.
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Customized Loan Documentation Process. Our
Advisor employs an internally managed documentation process that
assures that each loan transaction is documented using our
enterprise value loan documents specifically
tailored to each transaction. Our Advisor uses experienced
in-house senior legal counsel to oversee the documentation and
negotiation of each of our transactions.
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Active Portfolio Management. Because many of
our portfolio companies are privately held, development-stage
companies in our Target Industries, our Advisor employs a
hands on approach to its portfolio management
processes and procedures. Our Advisor requires the private
portfolio companies to provide monthly financial information,
and our Advisor participates in quarterly discussions with the
management and investors of our portfolio companies. Our Advisor
prepares monthly management reporting and internally rates each
portfolio company.
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Portfolio Composition. Monitoring the
composition of the portfolio is an important component of the
overall growth and portfolio management strategy. Our Advisor
monitors the portfolio regularly to avoid undue focus in any
sub-industry, stage of development or geographic area. By
regularly monitoring the portfolio for these factors we attempt
to reduce the risk of down market cycles associated with any
particular industry, development-stage or geographic area.
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Market
Opportunity
Our Target Industries. We intend to focus our
investments primarily in four key industries of the emerging
technology market: technology, life science, healthcare
information and services, and cleantech. The technology industry
sectors we intend to focus on include communications,
networking, wireless communications, data storage, software,
cloud computing, semiconductor, internet and media, and
consumer-related technologies. Life science sectors we intend to
focus on include biotechnology, drug delivery, bioinformatics,
and medical devices. Healthcare information and services sectors
we intend to focus on include diagnostics, medical record
services and software, and other healthcare related services and
technologies that improve efficiency and quality of administered
healthcare. Cleantech sectors we intend to focus on include
alternative energy, water purification, energy efficiency, green
building materials, and waste recycling.
Technology Lending. We believe that Technology
Lending has the potential to achieve enhanced returns that are
attractive notwithstanding the increased level of risk
associated with lending to development-stage companies.
Potential benefits include:
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Higher Interest Rates. Technology Loans
typically bear interest at rates that exceed the rates that
would be available to portfolio companies if they could borrow
in traditional commercial financing transactions. We believe
these rates provide a risk-adjusted return to lenders compared
with other types of debt investing and provide a significantly
less expensive alternative to equity financing for
development-stage companies.
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Loan Support Provided by Cash Proceeds from Equity Capital
Provided by Venture Capital and Private Equity
Firms. In many cases, a Technology Lender makes a
Technology Loan to a portfolio company in conjunction with, or
immediately after, a substantial venture capital or private
equity investment in the portfolio company. This equity capital
investment supports the loan by initially providing a source of
cash to fund the portfolio companys debt service
obligations. In addition, because the loan ranks senior in
priority of payment to the equity capital investment, the
portfolio company must repay that debt before the equity capital
investors realize a return on their investment. If the portfolio
company subsequently becomes distressed, its venture capital and
private equity investors will likely have an incentive to assist
it in avoiding a payment default, which could lead to
foreclosure on the secured assets. We believe that the support
of venture capital and private equity investors increases the
likelihood that a Technology Loan will be repaid.
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Relatively Rapid Amortization of
Loans. Technology Loans typically require that
interest payments begin within one month of closing, and
principal payments begin within twelve months of closing,
thereby returning capital to the lender and reducing the capital
at risk with respect to the investment. Because Technology Loans
are typically made at the time of, or soon after, a portfolio
company completes a significant venture capital or private
equity financing, the portfolio company usually has sufficient
funds to begin making scheduled principal and interest payments
even if it is not then generating revenue
and/or
positive cash flow. If a portfolio company is able to increase
its enterprise value during the term of the loan
(which is typically between 24 and 48 months), the lender
may also benefit from a reduced loan-to-value ratio, which
reduces the risk of the loan.
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Senior Ranking to Equity and
Collateralization. A Technology Loan is typically
secured by some or all of the portfolio companys assets,
thus making the loan senior in priority to the equity invested
in the portfolio company. In many cases, if a portfolio company
defaults on its loan, the value of this collateral will provide
the lender with an opportunity to recover all or a portion of
its investment. Because holders of equity interests in a
portfolio company will generally lose their investments before
the Technology Lender experiences losses, we believe that the
likelihood of losing all of our invested capital in a Technology
Loan is lower than would be the case with an equity investment.
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Potential Equity Appreciation Through
Warrants. Technology Lenders are typically
granted warrants in portfolio companies as additional
consideration for making Technology Loans. The warrants permit
the Technology Lender to purchase equity securities of the
portfolio companies at the same price paid by the portfolio
companys investors for such preferred stock in the most
recent or next equity round of the portfolio companys
financing. Historically, warrants granted to Technology Lenders
have generally had a term of ten years and been in dollar
amounts equal to between 5% and 20% of the principal loan
amount. Warrants
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provide Technology Lenders with an opportunity to participate in
the potential growth in value of the portfolio company, thereby
increasing the potential return on investment.
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We believe that Technology Lending also provides an attractive
financing source for portfolio companies, their management teams
and their equity capital investors, because of the following:
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Technology Loans are Typically Less Dilutive than Venture
Capital and Private Equity Financing. Technology
Loans allow a company to access the cash necessary to implement
its business plan without diluting the existing investors in the
company. Typically, the warrants or other equity securities
issued as part of a Technology Lending transaction result in
only minimal dilution to existing investors as compared to the
potential dilution of a new equity round of financing.
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Technology Loans Extend the Time Period During Which a
Portfolio Company Can Operate Before Seeking Additional Equity
Financing. By using a Technology Loan,
development-stage companies can postpone the need for their next
round of equity financing, thereby extending their cash
available to fund operations. This delay can provide portfolio
companies with additional time to improve technology, achieve
development milestones and, potentially, increase the
companys valuation before seeking more equity investments.
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Technology Loans Allow Portfolio Companies to Better Match
Cash Sources with Uses. Debt is often used to
fund infrastructure costs, including office space and laboratory
equipment. The use of debt to fund infrastructure costs allows a
portfolio company to spread these costs over time, thereby
conserving cash at a stage when its revenues may not be
sufficient to cover expenses. Similarly, working capital
financing may be used to fund selling and administrative
expenses ahead of anticipated corresponding revenue. In both
instances, equity capital is preserved for research and
development expenses or future expansion.
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Market Size. Our Advisor estimates, based upon
our 16 years of experience making Technology Loans to
companies in our Target Industries, that during such period the
ratio of the aggregate principal amount of debt investments made
to the aggregate capital invested by venture capital investors
has been approximately 10% to 20%. According to Dow Jones
VentureSource, $21.4 billion of venture capital equity was
invested in companies in our Target Industries during 2009.
Accordingly, based on our Advisors past experience, we
would estimate that the size of the Technology Loan market for
2009 was in the range of approximately $2.1 billion to
$4.2 billion. We believe that the market for Technology
Loans should grow over the next several years based upon several
factors. We believe the level of venture capital investment for
2009 is at a cyclical low, as shown by the $32.2 billion
and $31.0 billion of venture capital investment for 2007
and 2008, respectively, as reported by DowJones VentureSource.
We believe that the comparable period of 2009 in the venture
capital investment cycle is 2003, because 2003 represented the
last period of decline in the amount of venture capital
investment following the burst of the technology bubble in 2000.
Venture capital investment steadily increased from
$22.9 billion in 2004 to $32.2 billion in 2007 as,
reported by Dow Jones VentureSource, representing a compounded
annual growth rate of 8.9% for that period. Our belief that 2009
was a low point in the venture capital investment cycle is
further supported by the fact that the amount of venture capital
investment in the last three quarters of 2009 increased from a
13 year low of $4.2 billion in the first quarter of
2009 to $5.6 billion in the second quarter of 2009,
$5.4 billion in the third quarter of 2009, and
$6.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2009. The potential
for future growth in the market for Technology Loans is also
supported by the fact that, according to Dow Jones
VentureSource, there was $17 billion of liquidity events
related to M&A and IPO activity for companies in our Target
Industries in 2009, of which $7.3 billion was generated in
the fourth quarter, representing 44% of the total activity for
the year. This not only returns capital to investors which can
be reinvested in venture capital investments, but also makes
venture capital a more attractive investment class to investors,
thus attracting additional capital. In addition, nearer term
exits for venture capital investors, reinforces Technology Loans
as a cheaper financing alternative than venture capital for
companies in our Target Industries and their investors, thus
driving up demand for Technology Loans.
Portfolio Company Valuations. According to Dow
Jones VentureSource, from 2007 through 2009 valuations of
existing companies in our Target Industries significantly
decreased, as they did for most asset classes. We believe this
decrease was due to general macroeconomic conditions, including
lower demand for products and services, lack of availability of
capital and investors decreased risk tolerance. We believe
the decrease in valuations in our Target Industries caused by
macroeconomic factors may present a cyclical opportunity to
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gains in excess of those which are typically experienced by
Technology Lenders. Our future portfolio companies may not only
increase in value due to their successful technology development
and/or
revenue growth, but as macroeconomic conditions improve,
valuations may also increase due to the general increase in
demand for goods and services, the greater availability of
capital and an increase in investor risk tolerance. An example
of the positive and negative macroeconomic impact on valuations
last occurred in the years between 2001 and 2005. Following the
macroeconomic impact of the technology downturn of 2001 and the
events of 9/11, according to Dow Jones
VentureSource, median valuations for venture capital backed
technology-related financing fell from $25 million at
December 2000 to $10 million at January 2003, but by
December 2005, median valuations for venture capital backed
technology related financings had risen to $15 million.
Competitive
Strengths
We believe that we, together with our Advisor, possess
significant competitive strengths, including:
Consistently execute commitments and close
transactions. Our Advisor and its senior
management and investment professionals have an extensive track
record of originating, underwriting and closing Technology
Loans. Our Advisor has directly originated, underwritten, and
managed more than 110 Technology Loans with an aggregate
original principal amount of $650 million since it
commenced operations in 2004 to the present. In our experience,
prospective portfolio companies prefer lenders that have
demonstrated their ability to deliver on their commitments. Our
Advisors ability to deliver on its commitments has
resulted in satisfied portfolio companies, management teams and
venture capital and private equity investors and created an
extensive base of transaction sources and references for our
Advisor.
Robust direct origination capabilities. Our
Advisors managing directors each have significant
experience originating Technology Loans in our Target
Industries. This experience has given each managing director a
deep knowledge of our Target Industries and, assisted by their
long standing working relationships with our Advisors
senior management and our Advisors brand name recognition
in our market, has resulted in a steady flow of high quality
investment opportunities that are consistent with the strategic
vision and expectations of our Advisors senior management.
The combination of the managing directors experience and
their close working relationship with our Advisors senior
management, together with the extensive base of transaction
sources and references generated by our Advisors active
participation in the Technology Lending market, has created an
efficient marketing and sales organization.
Access to capital. Since it commenced
operations in 2004, our Advisor has always had access to capital
which allowed it to consistently offer Technology Loans to
companies in our Target Industries, including offering loans
through Compass Horizon during the difficult economic markets of
2008 and 2009. Our Advisors demonstrated access to
capital, including through the Credit Facility, has created
awareness among companies in our Target Industries of our
Advisors consistent ability to make Technology Loans
without interruption in all market conditions, thus making our
Advisor a trusted source for Technology Loans to companies,
their management teams and their venture capital and private
equity investors.
Highly experienced and cohesive management
team. Our Advisor has had the same senior
management team of experienced professionals since its
inception, thereby creating awareness among companies in our
Target Industries, their management and their investors that
prospective portfolio companies of Horizon will receive
consistent and predictable service, in terms of available loan
products and economic terms, underwriting requirements, loan
closing process and portfolio management. This consistency
allows companies, their management teams and their investors to
predict likely outcomes when expending resources in seeking and
obtaining Technology Loans from us. Companies may not have the
same level of predictability when dealing with other lenders in
the Technology Lending market. Our Advisor is led by five senior
managers, including its two co-founders, Robert D.
Pomeroy, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer, and Gerald A.
Michaud, our President, each of whom have more than
23 years of experience in Technology Lending. Christopher
M. Mathieu, our SVP and Chief Financial Officer, has more than
16 years of Technology Lending experience, and each of John
C. Bombara, our SVP and General Counsel, and Daniel S.
Devorsetz, our SVP and Chief Credit Officer, has more than nine
years experience in Technology Lending. Our Advisor has an
additional eight experienced professionals with marketing,
legal, accounting, and portfolio management experience in
Technology Lending. The co-founders and some of the
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team have worked together for over 16 years during which
they started, built and managed Technology Lending businesses
for GATX Ventures, Inc., Transamerica Technology Finance and
Financing for Science International. In addition to originating
and managing loans and investments on behalf of Compass Horizon,
our Advisor has originated and managed loans and investments on
behalf of several other externally managed private funds. Since
our Advisor commenced operations in 2004 through
December 31, 2009, our Advisor has originated over
$650 million of investments to 110 companies in our
Target Industries. As of the date of this prospectus, only the
Compass Horizon fund is actively making new investments.
Relationships with venture capital and private equity
investors. Our Advisors senior management
team and managing directors have developed a comprehensive
knowledge of the venture capital and private equity firms and
their partners that participate in our Target Industries.
Because of our Advisors senior management and managing
directors demonstrated history of delivering loan
commitments and value to many of these firms portfolio
companies, our Advisor has developed strong relationships with
many of these firms and their partners. The strength and breadth
of our Advisors venture capital and private equity
relationships would take considerable time and expense to
attempt to develop. We will rely on these relationships to
implement our business plan.
Well-known brand name. Our Advisor has
originated over $650 million in Technology Loans to more
than 110 companies in our Target Industries under the
Horizon Technology Finance brand. Each of these
companies is backed by one or more venture capital or private
equity firms, thus creating a network of Target Industry
companies and equity sponsors who know of, and have worked with,
Horizon Technology Finance. In addition, our Advisor
has attended, participated in, or moderated venture lending or
alternative financing panel sessions at venture capital,
technology, life sciences and other industry related events over
the past six years. This pro-active participation in the lending
market for our Target Industries has created strong and positive
brand name recognition for our Advisor. We believe that the
Horizon Technology Finance brand is a competent,
knowledgeable and active participant in the Technology Lending
marketplace and will continue to result in a significant number
of referrals and prospective investment opportunities in our
Target Industries.
Demonstrated track record with strong
returns. Our Advisors senior managers
collectively have also originated, underwritten, and managed
more than 440 Technology Loans with an aggregate commitment of
more than $1.0 billion from 1993 to 2003 at other
organizations including, GATX Ventures, Inc., Transamerica
Technology Finance and Financing for Science International. The
success of our Advisors track record in both up and down
business cycles, as described more fully elsewhere in this
prospectus, is a result of our Advisors knowledge base and
its processes developed from its Technology Lending experience.
Our Advisors developed knowledge base and processes
include its unique investment criteria, its creation of an
efficient and successful origination process, its establishment
of back office operations, its knowledge of staffing needs, its
legal, regulatory and institutional compliance knowledge and
processes, its designation of specific roles for its investment
team members, and its processes for the underwriting,
documenting and monitoring of a portfolio of Technology Loans.
Flexibility of capital. With our
Advisors experience in structuring and managing Technology
Loans, our Advisor has provided, and we expect to provide, loan
terms to portfolio companies in our Target Industries that
provide more value to a portfolio company than loan terms that
would otherwise be available from other commercial lenders or
other Technology Loan providers. We may be able to offer
flexible terms on interest rates, warrant coverage, repayment
schedules, advances based upon development milestones, interest
only periods, and deferred principal payments that provide
valuable flexibility during times of our portfolio
companies critical cash needs without significantly
increasing capital risk. To the extent that additional risk is
taken, we may adjust our returns for such risk by obtaining
additional commitment, success and non use fees and additional
warrants. We expect that allowing our portfolio companies more
flexible loan terms will allow our portfolio companies to be
successful, while allowing us to achieve more favorable economic
returns than are available in traditional commercial financing
transactions.
Disciplined underwriting and monitoring process with focus on
preservation of capital. Our Advisors
investment process focuses first on capital preservation. The
investment process for each proposed transaction involves
conducting in depth due diligence, including meeting with the
prospective portfolio companys senior management team,
gaining detailed understanding of the prospective portfolio
companys management team experience, its investors and its
investors support for the prospective portfolio company,
business plans,
65
technology, markets, financial projections, fund raising history
and future plans and the potential for warrant gains. The due
diligence typically includes the use of independent verification
with prospective portfolio companys customers, investors,
strategic partners and market research. The results of our
Advisors due diligence for each proposed transaction are
clearly documented in a comprehensive investment memorandum,
which is then submitted to our Advisors investment
committee. As a result of our focus on capital preservation, the
principal amount of our loans is generally less than 25% of the
enterprise value of the portfolio company.
Diverse investment portfolio. Portfolio
diversity is an important component to achieving successful
returns for Technology Loans. Our Advisor intends to monitor our
loan portfolio regularly to avoid undue focus in any industry,
sector, stage of development or geographic area. By regularly
monitoring the portfolio for these factors we will attempt to
reduce the risk of down market cycles associated with any
particular industry, sector, development-stage or geographic
area.
Stages of
Development of Venture Capital and Private Equity-backed
Companies
Below is a typical development curve for a company in our Target
Industries and the various milestones along the development
curve where we believe a Technology Loan may be a preferred
financing solution:
Investment
Criteria
We have identified several criteria that we believe have proven,
and will prove, important in achieving our investment objective
with respect to prospective portfolio companies. These criteria
provide general guidelines for our investment decisions.
However, we caution you that not all of these criteria are met
by each portfolio company in which we choose to invest.
Portfolio Composition. We invest in venture
capital and private equity-backed development-stage companies in
our Target Industries. We have made, and plan to make,
investments which will result in a portfolio of investments in
companies that are diversified by their stage of development,
their Target Industries and sectors of Target Industries, and
their geographical location, as well as by the venture capital
and private equity sponsors that support our portfolio companies.
Continuing Support from One or More Venture Capital and
Private Equity Investors. We typically invest in
companies in which one or more established venture capital and
private equity investors have previously invested and continue
to make a contribution to the management of the business. We
believe that established venture capital
66
and private equity investors can serve as a committed partner
and will assist their portfolio companies and their management
teams in creating value.
Company Stage of Development. While we invest
in companies at various stages of development, we require that
prospective portfolio companies be beyond the seed stage of
development and have received at least their first round of
venture capital or private equity financing. We expect a
prospective portfolio company to demonstrate its ability to
advance technology and increase its revenue and operating cash
flow over time. The anticipated growth rate of a prospective
portfolio company will be a key factor in determining the value
that we ascribe to any warrants that we may acquire in
connection with making debt investments.
Operating Plan. We generally require that a
prospective portfolio company, in addition to having sufficient
access to capital to support leverage, demonstrate an operating
plan capable of generating cash flows or the ability to raise
the additional capital necessary to cover its operating expenses
and service its debt. We expect that the enterprise value of a
prospective portfolio company should substantially exceed the
principal balance of debt borrowed by the company.
Liquidation Value of Assets. The prospective
liquidation value of the assets collateralizing our loans is an
important factor in our credit analysis. We emphasize both
tangible assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory,
equipment and real estate, and intangible assets, such as
intellectual property, networks and databases and future revenue
streams. In some cases, rather than obtaining a lien on
intellectual property we may receive a negative pledge covering
a companys intellectual property.
Terms. Although terms vary based on the
portfolio company and other conditions, the typical repayment
term is between 24 and 48 months. The amortization schedule
will vary, but there is typically some form of an interest only
period and, in some cases, there is a balloon payment at the end
of the term.
Warrants and Equity Participation Rights. We
generally receive warrants having terms consistent with the most
recent or next round of venture capital and private equity
capital financing. We do not view the upside appreciation
potential of warrants as a means to mitigate risk, but rather to
ensure that the compensation we receive is appropriate for the
level of risk being undertaken. We also may seek to receive
equity participation rights to invest in a future round of a
portfolio companys equity capital financing through direct
capital investments in our portfolio companies. These
opportunities to invest are at our option and we are not
obligated to make such investments. Other than one investment
for $100,000, we have not elected to exercise any equity
participation rights.
Experienced Management of Portfolio
Companies. We generally require that our
portfolio companies have a successful and experienced management
team. We also require the portfolio companies to have in place
proper incentives to induce management to succeed and to act in
concert with our interests as investors.
Exit Strategy. We analyze the potential for
that company to increase the liquidity of its equity through a
future event that would enable us to realize appreciation in the
value of our warrants or other equity interests. Liquidity
events typically include an IPO or a sale of the company.
Investment
Process
We believe that our Advisors team members are leaders in
the Technology Lending industry and that the depth and breadth
of experience of our Advisors investment professionals
exceeds that of many of our competitors. Our Advisor has created
an integrated approach to the loan origination, underwriting,
approval and documentation process that effectively combines all
of the skills of our Advisors professionals. This process
allows our Advisor to achieve an efficient and timely closing of
an investment from the initial contact with a prospective
portfolio company through the close of documentation and funding
of the investment, while ensuring that our Advisors
rigorous underwriting standards are consistently maintained.
During the investment process, several of our Advisors
investment professionals are involved in the analysis,
decision-making and documentation of prospective investments.
After closing, our Advisor typically employs a hands
on portfolio management process, regularly contacting our
portfolio companies. Our Advisor also utilizes a proprietary
credit rating system designed to effectively and efficiently
assist our Advisors portfolio managers and senior
managements analysis of the credit quality of investments
on an individual basis and a portfolio basis and our ability to
allocate internal resources accordingly.
67
We believe that the high level of involvement by our
Advisors staff in the various phases of the investment
process allows us to minimize the credit risk while delivering
superior service to our portfolio companies.
Origination. Our Advisors loan
origination process begins with its industry-focused regional
managing directors who are responsible for identifying,
contacting and screening prospects. The managing directors meet
with key decision makers and deal referral sources such as
venture capital and private equity firms and management teams
and legal firms, accounting firms, investment banks and other
lenders to source prospective portfolio companies. We believe
our brand name and management team are well known within the
Technology Lending community, as well as by many repeat
entrepreneurs and board members of prospective portfolio
companies. These broad relationships, which reach across the
Technology Lending industry, give rise to a significant portion
of our Advisors deal origination.
The responsible managing director of our Advisor obtains review
materials from the prospective portfolio company and from those
materials, as well as other available information, determines
whether it is appropriate for our Advisor to issue a non-binding
term sheet. The managing director bases this decision to proceed
on his or her experience, the competitive environment and the
prospective portfolio companys needs and also seeks the
counsel of our Advisors senior management and investment
team.
Term Sheet. If the managing director
determines, after review and consultation with senior
management, that the potential transaction meets our
Advisors initial credit standards, our Advisor will issue
a non-binding term sheet to the prospective portfolio company.
The terms of the transaction are tailored to a prospective
portfolio companys specific funding needs while taking
into consideration market dynamics, the quality of the
management team, the venture capital and private equity
investors involved and applicable credit criteria, which may
include the prospective portfolio companys existing cash
resources, the development of its technology and the anticipated
timing for the next round of equity financing.
Underwriting. Once the term sheet has been
negotiated and executed and the prospective portfolio company
has remitted a good faith deposit, the managing director will
request additional due diligence materials from the prospective
portfolio company and arrange for a due diligence visit.
Our Advisor typically requests the following information as part
of the underwriting process:
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annual and interim financial information;
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capitalization tables showing details of equity capital raised
and ownership;
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recent presentations to investors or board members covering the
portfolio companys current status and market opportunity;
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detailed business plan, including an executive summary and
discussion of market opportunity;
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detailed background on all members of management;
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articles and papers written about the prospective portfolio
company and its market;
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detailed forecast for the current and subsequent fiscal year
including monthly cash forecast;
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information on competitors and the prospective portfolio
companys competitive advantage;
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marketing information on the prospective portfolio
companys products, if any;
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information on the prospective portfolio companys
intellectual property; and
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introduction to the prospective portfolio companys
scientific advisory board and industry thought leaders.
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Due Diligence. The due diligence process
includes a formal visit to the prospective portfolio
companys location and interviews with the prospective
portfolio companys senior management team including its
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief
Scientific or Technology Officer, principal marketing or sales
professional and other key managers. The process includes
contact with key analysts that affect the prospective portfolio
companys business, including analysts that follow the
technology market, thought leaders in our Target
68
Industries and important customers or partners, if any. Outside
sources of information are reviewed, including industry
publications, scientific and market articles, Internet
publications, publicly available information on competitors or
competing technologies and information known to our
Advisors investment team from their experience in the
technology markets.
A key element of the due diligence process is interviewing key
existing investors in the prospective portfolio company, who are
often also members of the prospective portfolio companys
board of directors. While these board members
and/or
investors are not independent sources of information, their
support for management and willingness to support the
prospective portfolio companys further development are
critical elements of our decision making process.
Investment Memorandum. Upon completion of the
due diligence process and review and analysis of all of the
information provided by the prospective portfolio company and
obtained externally, our Advisors assigned credit officer
prepares an investment memorandum for review and approval.
The investment memorandum generally includes:
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an investment thesis;
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an overview of the prospective portfolio company and transaction;
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a discussion of how much of the investment is at risk;
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an analysis of why the investment is worth the risk;
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a discussion of risks and mitigants;
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a loan description;
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an overview of the prospective portfolio companys market,
competition, products, technology, sales pipeline, management,
intellectual property, etc.;
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a discussion of venture capital and private equity sponsorship;
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summary financial results;
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projections and cash forecasts, including company forecasts and
potential downside scenario projections; and
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an exit valuation.
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The investment memorandum is reviewed by our Advisors
senior credit officer and submitted to our Advisors
investment committee for approval.
Investment Committee. Our board of directors
delegates authority for all investment decisions to our
Advisors investment committee. Our Advisors
investment committee has made investment decisions for Compass
Horizon as well as other affiliated funds. The investment
committee currently consists of Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.,
Gerald A. Michaud, Daniel S. Devorsetz and Kevin T. Walsh.
Our Advisors investment committee will be responsible for
overall credit policy, portfolio management, approval of all
investments, portfolio monitoring and reporting and managing of
problem accounts. The committee will interact with the entire
staff of our Advisor to review potential transactions and deal
flow. This interaction of cross-functional members of our
Advisors staff assures efficient transaction sourcing,
negotiating and underwriting throughout the transaction process.
Portfolio performance and current market conditions will be
reviewed and discussed by the investment committee on a regular
basis to assure that transaction structures and terms are
consistent and current.
The portfolio manager responsible for the account will present
any proposed transaction to the investment committee at its
committee meeting. Other deal team members from our Advisor are
encouraged to participate in the committee meeting, bringing
market, transaction and competitive information to the decision
making process. The investment decision must be approved by a
majority of the committee and by both Mr. Pomeroy and
Mr. Michaud.
69
Loan Closing and Funding. Approved investments
are documented and closed by our Advisors in-house legal
and loan administration staff. Loan documentation is based upon
standard templates created by our Advisor and is customized for
each transaction to reflect the specific deal terms. The
transaction documents typically include a loan and security
agreement, warrant agreement and applicable perfection
documents, including Uniform Commercial Code financing
statements, and, as applicable, may also include a landlord
agreement, patent and trademark security grants, a subordination
agreement and other standard agreements for commercial loans in
the Technology Lending industry. Funding requires final approval
by our Advisors General Counsel, Chief Executive Officer
or President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Credit Officer.
Portfolio Management and Reporting. Our
Advisor maintains a hands on approach to maintain
communication with our portfolio companies. At least quarterly,
our Advisor contacts our portfolio companies for operational and
financial updates by phone and performs onsite reviews on an
annual basis. Our Advisor may contact portfolio companies deemed
to have greater credit risk on a monthly basis. Our Advisor
requires all private companies to provide financial statements
on a monthly basis. For public companies, our Advisor typically
relies on publicly reported quarterly financials. Our Advisor
also typically receives copies of bank and security statements,
as well as any other information required to verify reported
financial information. Among other things, this allows our
Advisor to identify any unexpected developments in the financial
performance or condition of the company.
Our Advisor has developed a proprietary credit rating system to
analyze the quality of our loans. Using this system, our Advisor
analyzes and then rates the credit risk within the portfolio on
a monthly basis. Each portfolio company is rated on a 1 through
4 scale, with 3 representing the rating for a standard level of
risk. A rating of 4 represents an improved and better credit
quality. A rating of 2 or 1 represents a deteriorating credit
quality and increasing risk. Newly funded investments are
typically assigned a rating of 3, unless extraordinary
circumstances require otherwise. These investment ratings are
generated internally by our Advisor, and we cannot guarantee
that others would assign the same ratings to our portfolio
investments or similar portfolio investments.
Our Advisor closely monitors portfolio companies rated a 1 or 2
for adverse developments. In addition, our Advisor has regular
contact with the management, board of directors and major equity
holders of these portfolio companies in order to discuss
strategic initiatives to correct the deterioration of the
portfolio company (e.g., cost reductions, new equity issuance or
strategic sale of the business).
70
The table below describes each rating level:
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Rating
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4
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The portfolio company has performed in excess of our
expectations at underwriting as demonstrated by exceeding
revenue milestones, clinical milestones, or other operating
metrics or as a result of raising capital well in excess of our
underwriting assumptions. Generally the portfolio company
displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value
greatly exceeds our loan balance; it has achieved cash flow
positive operations or has sufficient cash resources to cover
the remaining balance of the loan; there is strong potential for
warrant gains from our warrants; and there is a high likelihood
that the borrower will receive favorable future financing to
support operations. Loans rated 4 are the lowest risk profile in
our portfolio and there is no expected risk of principal loss.
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3
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The portfolio company has performed to our expectations at
underwriting as demonstrated by hitting revenue milestones,
clinical milestones, or other operating metrics. It has raised,
or is expected to raise, capital consistent with our
underwriting assumptions. Generally the portfolio company
displays one or more of the following: its enterprise value
comfortably exceeds our loan balance; it has sufficient cash
resources to operate per its plan; it is expected to raise
additional capital as needed; and there continues to be
potential for warrant gains from our warrants. All new loans are
rated 3 when approved and thereafter 3 rated loans represent a
standard risk profile, with no loss currently expected.
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2
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The portfolio company has performed below our expectations at
underwriting as demonstrated by missing revenue milestones,
delayed clinical progress, or otherwise failing to meet
projected operating metrics. It may have raised capital in
support of the poorer performance but generally on less
favorable terms than originally contemplated at the time of
underwriting. Generally the portfolio company displays one or
more of the following: its enterprise value exceeds our loan
balance but at a lower multiple than originally expected; it has
sufficient cash to operate per its plan but liquidity may be
tight; and it is planning to raise additional capital but there
is uncertainty and the potential for warrant gains from our
warrants are possible, but unlikely. Loans rated 2 represent an
increased level of risk. While no loss is currently anticipated
for a 2 rated loan, there is potential for future loss of
principal.
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1
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The portfolio company has performed well below plan as
demonstrated by materially missing revenue milestones, delayed
or failed clinical progress, or otherwise failing to meet
operating metrics. The portfolio company has not raised
sufficient capital to operate effectively or retire its debt
obligation to us. Generally the portfolio company displays one
or more of the following: its enterprise value may not exceed
our loan balance; it has insufficient cash to operate per its
plan and liquidity may be tight; and there are uncertain plans
to raise additional capital or the portfolio company is being
sold under distressed conditions. There is no potential for
warrant gains from our warrants. Loans rated 1 are generally put
on non-accrual and represent a high degree of risk of loss. The
fair value of 1 rated loans is reduced to the amount that is
expected to be recovered from liquidation of the collateral.
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For a discussion of the ratings of our existing portfolio, see
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Portfolio
Composition and Investment Activity.
Managerial
Assistance
As a business development company, we will offer, through our
Advisor, and must provide upon request, managerial assistance to
certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance may involve,
among other things, monitoring the operations of the portfolio
companies, participating in board of directors and management
meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio
companies and providing other organizational and financial
guidance.
We may receive fees for these services, though we may reimburse
our Advisor for its expenses related to providing such services
on our behalf.
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Competition
We compete for investments with other business development
companies and investment funds, as well as traditional financial
services companies such as commercial banks and other financing
sources. Some of our competitors are larger and have greater
financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we
have. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of
funds and access to funding sources that are not available to
us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the
regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act will impose on us as a
business development company or that the Code will impose on us
as a RIC. We believe we compete effectively with these entities
primarily on the basis of the experience, industry knowledge and
contacts of our Advisors investment professionals, its
responsiveness and efficient investment analysis and
decision-making processes, its creative financing products and
highly customized investment terms. We do not intend to compete
primarily on the interest rates we offer and believe that some
competitors make loans with rates that are comparable or lower
than our rates. For additional information concerning the
competitive risks see Risk Factors Risks
Related to Our Business and Structure We operate in
a highly competitive market for investment opportunities, and if
we are not able to compete effectively, our business, results of
operations and financial condition may be adversely affected and
the value of your investment in us could decline.
Portfolio
Turnover
We do not have a formal portfolio turnover policy and do not
intend to adopt one.
Employees
We do not have any employees. Each of our executive officers
described under Management below is an employee of
our Advisor. The day-to-day investment operations will be
managed by our Advisor. As of December 31, 2009, our
Advisor had 13 employees, including investment and
portfolio management professionals, operations and accounting
professionals, legal counsel and administrative staff. In
addition, we reimburse our Advisor for our allocable portion of
expenses incurred by it in performing its obligations under the
administration agreement, including our allocable portion of the
cost of our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer
and their respective staffs.
Properties
We do not own any real estate or other physical properties
materially important to our operation. Our headquarters and our
Advisors headquarters are currently located at 76
Batterson Park Road, Farmington, Connecticut 06032.
Legal
Proceedings
Neither we nor our Advisor are currently subject to any material
legal proceedings.
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PORTFOLIO
COMPANIES
The following table sets forth certain information for each
portfolio company in which we had an investment as of
December 31, 2009. Other than these investments, our only
formal relationships with our portfolio companies are the
managerial assistance that we may provide upon request and the
board observer or participation rights we may receive in
connection with our investment. We do not control
and are not an affiliate of any of our portfolio
companies, each as defined in the 1940 Act. In general, under
the 1940 Act, we would control a portfolio company
if we owned more than 25% of its voting securities and would be
an affiliate of a portfolio company if we owned 5%
or more of its voting securities.
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Name and Address of
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Maturity
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Cost of
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Portfolio
Company(1)
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Target Industry Sector
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Type of
Investment(2)
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Interest(3)
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of Loans
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Investment
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Fair Value
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Advanced BioHealing, Inc.
10933 N. Torrey Pines Rd.,
Suite 200
La Jolla, CA 92037
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Life Science Biotechnology
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Preferred Stock Warrants
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$
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8,887
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$
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41,836
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Ambit Biosciences, Inc.
4215 Sorrento Valley Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92121
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Life Science Biotechnology
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Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
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12.15%
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6/1/11
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1,271,672
17,403
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1,271,672
54,612
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Anesiva,
Inc.(4)
650 Gateway Boulevard
South San Francisco, CA 94080
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Life Science Biotechnology
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Common Stock Warrants
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18,233
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|
|
|
|
Arcot Systems, Inc.
455 West Maude Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,001
|
|
|
|
57,074
|
|
BioScale, Inc.
75 Sidney Street
Cambridge, MA 02139
|
|
Healthcare Information and
Services Diagnostics
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.00%
|
|
|
8/1/12
|
|
|
|
3,793,151
12,786
|
|
|
|
3,527,630
32,956
|
|
Calypso Medical
Technologies, Inc.
2101 Fourth Avenue, Suite 500
Seattle, WA 98121
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,047
|
|
|
|
74,699
|
|
Clarabridge, Inc.
11400 Commerce Park Drive,
Suite 500
Reston, VA 20191
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.50%
12.50%
|
|
|
1/1/13
6/1/13
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
750,000
27,700
|
|
|
|
1,500,000
750,000
31,439
|
|
Concentric Medical, Inc.
301 East Evelyn Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94041
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Revolving Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
10.00%
(Prime + 3.25)%
|
|
|
7/1/10
|
|
|
|
3,333,334
9,402
|
|
|
|
3,333,334
10,856
|
|
Courion Corporation
1881 Worcester Road
Framingham, MA 01701
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.45%
|
|
|
12/1/11
|
|
|
|
2,055,297
6,715
|
|
|
|
2,055,297
16,395
|
|
DriveCam, Inc.
8911 Balboa Ave.
San Diego, CA 92123
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,670
|
|
|
|
15,208
|
|
EnteroMedics,
Inc.(4)
2800 Patton Road
Saint Paul, MN 55113
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Common Stock Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
346,795
|
|
|
|
10,370
|
|
F & S Health Care Services, Inc.
23625 Commerce Park, Suite 204
Beachwood, OH 44122
|
|
Healthcare Information and
Services Diagnostics
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.80%
|
|
|
12/1/12
|
|
|
|
7,500,000
32,148
|
|
|
|
7,500,000
104,848
|
|
Genesis Networks, Inc.
One Penn Plaza, Suite 2010
New York, NY 10119
|
|
Technology Networking
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.80%
|
|
|
8/1/12
|
|
|
|
4,000,000
53,563
|
|
|
|
3,600,000
20
|
|
Grab Networks, Inc.
21000 Atlantic Boulevard
Dulles, VA 20166
|
|
Technology Networking
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
13.00%
|
|
|
4/1/12
|
|
|
|
3,655,638
73,866
|
|
|
|
3,655,638
83,838
|
|
Hatteras Networks, Inc.
523 Davis Drive, Suite 500
Durham, NC 27713
|
|
Technology Communications
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.40%
|
|
|
2/1/11
|
|
|
|
2,451,010
660
|
|
|
|
2,451,010
35,009
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Cost of
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio
Company(1)
|
|
Target Industry Sector
|
|
Type of
Investment(2)
|
|
Interest(3)
|
|
of Loans
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Impinj, Inc.
701 N. 34th Street, Suite 300
Seattle, WA 98103
|
|
Technology Semiconductor
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.50%
(Prime + 4.25)%
|
|
|
1/1/11
|
|
|
|
866,667
7,348
|
|
|
|
866,667
34,329
|
|
IntelePeer, Inc.
2855 Campus Drive, Suite 200
San Mateo, CA 94403
|
|
Technology Networking
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.43%
12.33%
12.33%
|
|
|
4/1/12
6/1/12
10/1/12
|
|
|
|
857,704
943,224
1,718,073
39,384
|
|
|
|
857,704
943,224
1,718,073
52,399
|
|
iSkoot, Inc.
501 2nd Street, Suite 216
San Francisco, CA 94107
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.75%
|
|
|
5/1/13
|
|
|
|
4,000,000
59,329
|
|
|
|
4,000,000
59,329
|
|
Mall Networks, Inc.
One Cranberry Hill, Suite 403
Lexington, MA 02421
|
|
Technology Internet and
media
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.75%
|
|
|
6/1/12
|
|
|
|
2,500,000
16,155
|
|
|
|
2,500,000
34,932
|
|
Motion Computing, Inc.
8601 RR 2222, Building II
Austin, TX 78730
|
|
Technology Networking
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.25%
12.25%
|
|
|
4/1/11
1/1/12
|
|
|
|
1,427,626
2,134,388
8,808
|
|
|
|
1,427,626
2,134,388
464,748
|
|
Netuitive, Inc.
12700 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20191
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.90%
|
|
|
4/1/11
|
|
|
|
573,026
27,287
|
|
|
|
573,026
42,675
|
|
NewRiver, Inc.
200 Brickstone Square, 5th Floor
Andover, MA 01810
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
|
|
11.60%
|
|
|
1/1/12
|
|
|
|
3,410,859
|
|
|
|
3,410,859
|
|
Novalar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
12555 High Bluff Drive
Suite 300
San Diego, CA 92130
|
|
Life Science Biotechnology
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.00%
|
|
|
6/1/12
|
|
|
|
4,856,259
69,249
|
|
|
|
4,856,259
78,598
|
|
Pharmasset,
Inc.(4)
303-A
College Road East
Princeton, NJ 08540
|
|
Life Science Biotechnology
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Term Loan
Common Stock Warrants
|
|
12.00%
12.00%
12.50%
|
|
|
8/1/11
1/1/12
10/1/12
|
|
|
|
2,224,917
2,743,804
3,333,333
251,247
|
|
|
|
2,224,917
2,743,804
3,333,333
437,046
|
|
PixelOptics, Inc.
5241 Valleypark Drive
Roanoke, VA 24019
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
13.00%
|
|
|
1/1/13
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
61,131
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
61,131
|
|
Plateau Systems, Ltd.
4401 Wilson Boulevard
Suite 400
Arlington, VA 22203
|
|
Technology Software
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.40%
|
|
|
9/1/10
|
|
|
|
743,743
7,348
|
|
|
|
743,743
34,328
|
|
Precision Therapeutics, Inc.
2516 Jane Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
|
|
Healthcare Information and
Services Diagnostics
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
13.00%
|
|
|
3/1/12
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
52,075
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
61,132
|
|
Revance Therapeutics, Inc.
2400 Bayshore Parkway,
Suite 100
Mountain View, CA 94043
|
|
Life Science Biotechnology
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
10.50%
|
|
|
12/1/11
|
|
|
|
2,780,564
155,399
|
|
|
|
2,780,564
49,433
|
|
SnagAJob.com, Inc.
4880 Cox Road
Suite 200
Glen Allen, VA 23060
|
|
Technology Consumer-related
technologies
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.50%
|
|
|
6/1/12
|
|
|
|
3,500,000
22,618
|
|
|
|
3,500,000
38,448
|
|
Starcite, Inc.
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
|
|
Technology Consumer-related
technologies
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.05%
|
|
|
9/1/12
|
|
|
|
4,000,000
23,579
|
|
|
|
4,000,000
27,463
|
|
Tagged, Inc.
840 Battery Street, 2nd Floor
San Francisco, CA 94111
|
|
Technology Consumer-related
technologies
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.78%
11.46%
|
|
|
5/1/12
8/1/12
|
|
|
|
2,121,216
750,000
16,586
|
|
|
|
2,121,216
750,000
26,776
|
|
Tengion, Inc.
2900 Potshop Lane, Suite 100
East Norriton, PA 19403
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.26%
|
|
|
9/1/11
|
|
|
|
5,772,622
15,276
|
|
|
|
5,772,622
50,413
|
|
Transave, Inc.
11 Deer Park Drive, Suite 117
Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852
|
|
Life Science Biotechnology
|
|
Term Loan
Term Loan
Convertible Note
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.75%
11.75%
10.00%
|
|
|
2/29/12
7/1/12
6/30/10
|
|
|
|
2,737,903
2,000,000
101,907
11,964
|
|
|
|
2,737,903
2,000,000
101,907
44,604
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name and Address of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
|
Cost of
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio
Company(1)
|
|
Target Industry Sector
|
|
Type of
Investment(2)
|
|
Interest(3)
|
|
of Loans
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Vette Corp.
14 Manchester Square, Suite 210
Portsmouth, NH 03801
|
|
Technology Data Storage
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.85%
|
|
|
3/1/12
|
|
|
|
4,563,684
26,638
|
|
|
|
4,563,684
68,658
|
|
ViOptix, Inc.
47224 Mission Falls Ct.
Fremont, CA 94539
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
13.55%
|
|
|
11/1/11
|
|
|
|
1,740,569
12,924
|
|
|
|
1,640,137
21,970
|
|
Everyday Health, Inc.
f/k/a Waterfront Media, Inc.
45 Main Street
Brooklyn, NY 11201
|
|
Technology Consumer-related
technologies
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
13.00%
|
|
|
5/1/13
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
68,658
|
|
|
|
5,000,000
68,658
|
|
XIOtech, Inc.
6455 Flying Cloud Drive
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
|
|
Technology Data Storage
|
|
Term Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
12.50%
|
|
|
8/1/11
|
|
|
|
4,510,984
22,045
|
|
|
|
4,510,984
80,544
|
|
Xoft, Inc.
345 Potrero Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
|
|
Life Science Medical Device
|
|
Revolving Loan
Preferred Stock Warrants
|
|
11.25%
(Prime + 4.25)%
|
|
|
11/15/10
|
|
|
|
348,535
13,265
|
|
|
|
348,535
50,906
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
114,209,898
|
|
|
$
|
114,263,436
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Debt and warrant investments have
been pledged as collateral under the Credit Facility.
|
(2)
|
|
All investments are less than 5%
ownership of the class and ownership of the portfolio company.
|
(3)
|
|
All interest is payable in cash due
monthly in arrears, unless otherwise indicated and applies only
to our debt investments. Amount is the annual interest rate on
the debt investment and does not include any additional fees
related to the investment such as commitment fees or prepayment
fees. The majority of the debt investments are at fixed rates
for the term of the loan. For each debt investment we have
provided the current interest rate in effect as of
December 31, 2009. For variable rate debt investments we
have also provided the reference index plus the applicable
spread which resets monthly.
|
(4)
|
|
Portfolio company is a public
company.
|
75
SENIOR
SECURITIES
Information about our senior securities is shown in the
following table for the periods ended December 31, 2009 and
2008. The information contained in the table has been derived
from our financial statements which have been audited by
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP. See Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Borrowings for more detailed
information regarding the senior securities.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Amount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Exclusive of
|
|
|
Market
|
|
|
|
Treasury
|
|
|
Value
|
|
Class and Year
|
|
Securities(1)
|
|
|
per
Unit(2)
|
|
|
|
(dollar amounts in millions)
|
|
|
Revolving Credit Facility with WestLB AG
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
$
|
64.2
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
63.7
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Total amount of senior securities
outstanding at the end of the period presented.
|
(2)
|
|
The amount to which such class of
senior security would be entitled upon the voluntary liquidation
of the issuer in preference to any security junior to it.
|
76
MANAGEMENT
Our business and affairs will be managed under the direction of
our board of directors. Our board of directors currently
consists of three members. Prior to the completion of this
offering, and as of the date we elect to be regulated as a
business development company, we intend to elect additional
directors, and following this offering our board of directors
will consist of seven members, four of whom are not
interested persons of our Company or of our Advisor
as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and are
independent as determined by our board of directors,
consistent with the rules of the NASDAQ Global Market. We refer
to these individuals as our independent directors.
Our board of directors elects our officers, who serve at the
discretion of the board of directors.
Board of
Directors and Executive Officers
Under our certificate of incorporation, to be effective prior to
the completion of this offering, our directors will be divided
into three classes. Each class of directors will hold office for
a three-year term. However, the initial members of the three
classes will have initial terms of one, two and three years,
respectively. At each annual meeting of our stockholders, the
successors to the class of directors whose terms expire at such
meeting will be elected to hold office for a term expiring at
the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year
following the year of their election. This classification of our
board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing
a change in control of our management. Each director will hold
office for the term to which he or she is elected and until his
or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Our certificate
of incorporation, to be effective prior to the completion of
this offering, will permit the board of directors to elect
directors to fill vacancies that are created either through an
increase in the number of directors or due to the resignation,
removal or death of any director.
Directors
Information regarding our board of directors is set forth below.
We have divided the directors into two groups
independent directors and interested directors. Interested
directors are interested persons of the company as
defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Interested Directors
|
|
Age
|
|
|
Position
|
|
Since
|
|
|
of Term
|
|
|
Robert D. Pomeroy,
Jr.(1)
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
of the Board of Directors
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
Gerald A.
Michaud(1)
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
President and Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
David P.
Swanson(2)
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Interested person of the Company
due to his position as an officer of the Company.
|
(2)
|
|
Mr. Swanson is an interested
person of the Company due to his position as Partner of Compass
Group Management LLC, which we refer to as The Compass
Group.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Independent Directors
|
|
Age
|
|
|
Position
|
|
Since
|
|
|
of Term
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
2013
|
|
The address for each of Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud
and each of the independent directors is Horizon Technology
Finance Management LLC, 76 Batterson Park Road, Farmington,
Connecticut 06032. The address for Mr. Swanson is Compass
Group Management LLC, 61 Wilton Road, 2nd Floor, Westport,
Connecticut 06880.
77
Executive
Officers Who Are Not Directors
Information regarding our executive officers who are not
directors is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
|
Positions
|
|
Christopher M. Mathieu
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|
John C. Bombara
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance
Officer and Secretary
|
Daniel S. Devorsetz
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer
|
The address for each executive officer is Horizon Technology
Finance Management LLC, 76 Batterson Park Road, Farmington,
Connecticut 06032.
Biographical
Information
Interested
Directors
Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of
Directors. Mr. Pomeroy co-founded our
Advisor in May 2003 and has been a managing member of our
Advisor and its Chief Executive Officer since its inception.
Mr. Pomeroy was President of GATX Ventures, Inc. (a
subsidiary of GATX Corporation engaged in the venture lending
business) from July 2000 to April 2003, with full profit and
loss responsibility including managing a staff of 39 and
chairing the investment committee with credit authority. GATX
Ventures, Inc. had total assets of over $270 million.
Before joining GATX Ventures in July 2000, Mr. Pomeroy was
Executive Vice President of Transamerica Business Credit (a
subsidiary of Transamerica Corporation engaged in the venture
lending business) and a co-founder of its Transamerica
Technology Finance division. Mr. Pomeroy was the general
manager of Transamerica Technology Finance from September 1996
to July 2000, with full profit and loss responsibility, credit
authority and responsibility for a staff of 50 and over
$480 million in assets. Prior to co-founding Transamerica
Technology Finance in September 1996, Mr. Pomeroy served
from January 1989 to August 1996 as Senior Vice President and
chaired the investment committee of Financing for Science
International, Inc., a publicly traded venture financing and
healthcare leasing company that was acquired by Finova Capital
Corporation in August 1996. Mr. Pomeroy started his career
with Crocker Bank in 1974 and has over 35 years of
diversified lending and leasing experience. Mr. Pomeroy
earned both a Master of Business Administration and a Bachelor
of Science degree from the University of California at Berkeley.
Gerald A. Michaud, President and
Director. Mr. Michaud co-founded our Advisor
in May 2003 and has been a managing member of our Advisor and
its President since its inception. From July 2000 to May 2003,
Mr. Michaud was Senior Vice President of GATX Ventures,
Inc. and its senior business development executive. From
September 1996 to July 2000, Mr. Michaud was Senior Vice
President of Transamerica Business Credit and a co-founder of
its Transamerica Technology Finance division. Mr. Michaud
was the senior business development executive for Transamerica
Technology Finance with oversight of more than $700 million
in loans funded. From May 1993 to September 1996,
Mr. Michaud served as a Vice President of Financing for
Science International, Inc. Prior to 1993, Mr. Michaud
founded and served as President of Venture Leasing and Capital.
Mr. Michaud attended Northeastern University, Rutgers
University and the University of Phoenix, completed a commercial
credit training program with Shawmut Bank and has taken
executive courses at Harvard Business School.
David P. Swanson, Director. Mr. Swanson
has been a partner in The Compass Group since December 2005 and
has been with The Compass Group and its affiliates since August
2001, serving as a Vice President from August 2001 to December
2003 and a Principal from December 2003 to December 2005. He is
a member of the board of directors of AFM Holding Corporation
and was previously a member of the board of directors of Crosman
Acquisition Corporation and WorldBusiness Capital, Inc. From
August 1996 to July 1998, Mr. Swanson was with Goldman
Sachs in the Financial Institutions and Distressed Debt
practices. Mr. Swanson is a graduate of the Harvard
Business School MBA program and also holds a B.A. in Economics
from the University of Chicago, where he was elected Phi Beta
Kappa.
78
Independent
Directors
We intend to elect independent directors prior to the completion
of this offering.
Executive
Officers who are not Directors
Christopher M. Mathieu, Senior Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Mathieu
is an original member of the team that founded our Advisor in
May 2003 and its Chief Financial Officer since inception.
Mr. Mathieu has been involved in the accounting, finance
and venture debt industries for more than 22 years. From
July 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Mathieu was Vice
President Life Sciences of GATX Ventures, Inc. and
the primary business development officer for the life science
sector. From September 1996 to July 2000, Mr. Mathieu was
Vice President Life Sciences of Transamerica
Business Credits Technology Finance division where, in
addition to co-developing and implementing the business plan
used to form the division, he was the primary business
development officer responsible for the life science sector and
was directly responsible for more than $200 million in loan
originations. From March 1993 to September 1996,
Mr. Mathieu was a Vice President, Finance at Financing for
Science International, Inc. Mr. Mathieu was most recently a
manager with the financial services group of KPMG working with
both public and private banks and commercial finance companies.
Mr. Mathieu graduated with honors from Western New England
College with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
degree in accounting and is a Certified Public Accountant,
chartered in the State of Connecticut.
John C. Bombara, Senior Vice President, General Counsel,
Chief Compliance Officer and
Secretary. Mr. Bombara is an original member
of the team that founded our Advisor in May 2003 and has been
its Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance
Officer since our Advisors inception. Mr. Bombara
handles all legal functions for our Advisor, including
negotiating and documenting most of its investments.
Mr. Bombara has more than 19 years of experience
providing legal services to financial institutions and other
entities and individuals. Prior to joining our company,
Mr. Bombara served as in-house counsel for GATX Ventures,
Inc. from December 2000 to May 2003 where he directed the legal
operations of the GATX Ventures east coast office in
closing and managing its portfolio of debt and equity
investments in technology and life science companies throughout
the United States. Mr. Bombara also represented GATX
Corporations other venture lending units in Canada and
Europe. In addition, Mr. Bombara was responsible for
assisting and advising senior management, credit analysts and
marketing directors with respect to appropriate deal structures,
market trends, risk management, and compliance with corporate
policies and worked with co-participants business
personnel and counsel in facilitating and coordinating joint
investments. Prior to joining GATX, Mr. Bombara was a
partner at the business law firm of Pepe & Hazard,
LLP. Mr. Bombara received his Bachelor of Arts degree from
Colgate University and his Juris Doctor degree from Cornell Law
School.
Daniel S. Devorsetz, Senior Vice President and Chief Credit
Officer. Mr. Devorsetz joined our Advisor in
October 2004 and has been its Senior Vice President and the
Chief Credit Officer since such time. He is responsible for
underwriting and portfolio management. Mr. Devorsetz has
more than 10 years of financial services and lending
experience, including spending the past nine years in the
venture lending industry. Prior to joining the team, from May
2003 to October 2004, Mr. Devorsetz was a Vice President in
General Electric Capital Corporations Life Science Finance
Group, where he was primarily responsible for the underwriting
and portfolio management of debt and equity investments to
venture capital-backed life science companies. Prior to that,
from December 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Devorsetz was a Credit
Manager at GATX Ventures, Inc. concentrating on the high tech
and software industries. He was also a member of GATXs
international credit committee. From July 1999 to December 2000,
Mr. Devorsetz was a Vice President and Director of Analysis
for Student Loans with Citigroup. Mr. Devorsetzs
previous experience includes tenures in private placement
investment banking and securitizations at Advest, Inc. and
Ironwood Capital. Mr. Devorsetz received his Bachelor of
Science degree from Cornell University.
Committees
of the Board of Directors
Prior to the completion of this offering, our board of directors
will have the following board committees:
Audit Committee. The initial members of the
audit committee will
be ,
and ,
each of whom will be independent for purposes of the 1940 Act
and The NASDAQ Global Market corporate governance listing
standards. will serve as the chairman of the audit committee
and
will be an audit
79
committee financial expert as defined under the SEC rules.
The audit committee will operate pursuant to a written charter
approved by our board of directors that sets forth the
responsibilities of the audit committee. The audit committee
will be responsible for selecting our independent accountants,
reviewing the plans, scope and results of the audit engagement
with our independent accountants, approving professional
services provided by our independent accountants, reviewing the
independence of our independent accountants and reviewing the
adequacy of our internal accounting controls.
Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee. The initial members of the nominating
and corporate governance committee will
be ,
and ,
each of whom will be independent for purposes of the 1940 Act
and The NASDAQ Global Market corporate governance listing
standards. will serve as the chairman of the nominating and
corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate
governance committee will operate pursuant to a written charter
approved by our board of directors. The nominating and corporate
governance committee will be responsible for identifying,
researching and nominating directors for election by our
stockholders, selecting nominees to fill vacancies on our board
of directors or a committee of the board, developing and
recommending to the board of directors a set of corporate
governance principles and overseeing the evaluation of the board
of directors and our management. Our procedures for stockholder
nominees for director are described under Description of
Capital Stock Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of
Our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, Delaware Law and Other
Arrangements.
Compensation Committee. We do not have a
compensation committee because our executive officers do not
receive any direct compensation from us. Decisions regarding
executive compensation, to the extent they arise, will be made
by the independent directors on our board.
Compensation
of Directors
As compensation for serving on our board of directors, each of
our independent directors will receive an annual fee of
$ and an additional fee of
$ for each board meeting they
attend and $ for each committee
meeting they attend. Non-independent directors will not receive
compensation for serving on the board. Each chairperson of a
board committee that is an independent director will also
receive an annual fee of $ for
each committee he or she chairs. We will reimburse our directors
for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in
attending board and committee meetings.
Leadership
Structure of the Board of Directors and its Role in Risk
Oversight
Our Chief Executive Officer, Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., is
chairman of our board of directors and an interested
person under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. We
will not have a lead independent director. Under our bylaws, our
board will not be required to have an independent chairman. Many
significant corporate governance duties of our board of
directors will be executed by committees of independent
directors, each of which has an independent chairman. We believe
that it is in the best interests of our stockholders for
Mr. Pomeroy to lead the board because of his broad
experience. See Biographical
Information Interested Directors for a
description of Mr. Pomeroys experience. As a
co-founder of our Advisor, Mr. Pomeroy has demonstrated a
track record of achievement on strategic and operating aspects
of our business. While we expect that our board of directors
will regularly evaluate alternative structures, we believe that,
as a business development company, it is appropriate for one of
our co-founders, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our
Advisors investment committee to perform the functions of
chairman of the board, including leading discussions of
strategic issues we expect to face. We believe the current
structure of our board of directors will provide appropriate
guidance and oversight while also enabling ample opportunity for
direct communication and interaction between management and the
board of directors.
There are a number of significant risks facing us which are
described under the heading Risk Factors included in
this prospectus. We expect that our board of directors will use
its judgment to create and maintain policies and practices
designed to limit or manage the risks we face, including:
(1) the establishment of board-approved policies and
procedures designed serve our interests, (2) the
application of these policies uniformly to directors, management
and third-party service providers, (3) the establishment of
independent board committees with clearly defined risk oversight
functions and (4) review and analysis by the board of
reports by management and certain third-party service providers.
Accordingly, our board of directors has approved a Code of
Ethics to promote
80
ethical conduct and prohibit certain transactions that could
pose significant risks to us. Our board of directors has
established a related party transaction review policy, under
which it monitors the risks related to certain transactions that
present a conflict of interest on a quarterly basis. Our board
of directors has also established and approved an investment
valuation process to manage risks relating to the valuations of
our investments and to ensure that our financial statements
appropriately reflect the performance of our portfolio of
assets. Additionally, through the delegated authority of our
board of directors, the audit committee has primary oversight
over risks relating to our internal controls over financial
reporting and audit-related risks, while the nominating and
corporate governance committee has primary oversight over risks
relating to corporate governance and oversees the evaluation of
our board of directors and our management. Under this oversight
structure, our management team manages the risks facing us in
our day-to-day operations. We caution you, however, that
although our board of directors believes it has established an
effective system of oversight, no risk management system can
eliminate risks or ensure that particular events do not
adversely affect our business.
Directors
Qualifications and Review of Director Nominees
Our nominating and corporate governance committee of our board
of directors will make recommendations to our board of directors
regarding the size and composition of our board of directors.
The nominating and corporate governance committee will annually
review with our board of directors the composition of our board
of directors, as a whole, and recommend, if necessary, measures
to be taken so that our board of directors reflects the
appropriate balance of knowledge, experience, skills, expertise
and diversity required for our board of directors, as a whole,
and contains at least the minimum number of independent
directors required by applicable laws and regulations. The
nominating and corporate governance committee will be
responsible for ensuring that the composition of the members of
our board of directors accurately reflects the needs of our
business and, in furtherance of this goal, proposing the
addition of members and the necessary resignation of members for
purposes of obtaining the appropriate members and skills. Our
directors should possess such attributes and experience as are
necessary to provide a broad range of personal characteristics
including diversity, management skills, financial skills and
technological and business experience. Our directors should also
be able to commit the requisite time for preparation and
attendance at regularly scheduled board of directors and
committee meetings, as well as be able to participate in other
matters necessary to ensure good corporate governance is
practiced.
In evaluating a director candidate, the nominating and corporate
governance committee will consider factors that are in our best
interests and our stockholders best interests, including
the knowledge, experience, integrity and judgment of each
candidate; the potential contribution of each candidate to the
diversity of backgrounds, experience and competencies which our
board of directors desires to have represented; each
candidates ability to devote sufficient time and effort to
his or her duties as a director; independence and willingness to
consider all strategic proposals; any other criteria established
by our board of directors and any core competencies or technical
expertise necessary to staff our board of directors
committees. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance
committee will assess whether a candidate possesses the
integrity, judgment, knowledge, experience, skills and expertise
that are likely to enhance our board of directors ability
to manage and direct our affairs and business, including, when
applicable, to enhance the ability of committees of our board of
directors to fulfill their duties.
In connection with director nominations, the nominating and
corporate governance committee may also consider the
nominees roles in (i) overseeing our efforts in
complying with its SEC disclosure requirements,
(ii) assisting in improving our internal controls and
disclosure controls, (iii) assisting with our strategic
plan, (iv) overseeing efforts to ensure our financial
products meet all applicable laws and regulations,
(v) overseeing the development of new products to meet the
needs of a changing business environment, and
(vi) implementing our strategic plan. In addition, the
nominating and corporate governance committee may consider
self-and peer-evaluations provided by each current director, to
determine, among other things, that the directors work well
together and operate together effectively.
In addition to fulfilling the above criteria, four of the seven
directors named above are considered independent under the
NASDAQ and NYSE rules (Mr. Pomeroy, Mr. Michaud and
Mr. Swanson being the exception as Mr. Pomeroy and
Mr. Michaud are employees of the Company and
Mr. Swanson is a partner of an affiliate of the selling
shareholder in this offering and such affiliate will remain a
significant shareholder after the completion of the Exchange
Transaction), and the nominating and corporate governance
committee believes that all seven nominees
81
are independent of the influence of any particular stockholder
or group of stockholders whose interests may diverge from the
interests of our stockholders as a whole.
Each director brings a strong and unique background and set of
skills to our board of directors, giving our board of directors,
as a whole, competence and experience in a wide variety of
areas, including corporate governance and board service,
executive management, finance, private equity, workout and
turnaround situations, manufacturing and marketing. Set forth
below are our conclusions with regard to our directors.
Mr. Pomeroy has more than 35 years of experience in
diversified lending and leasing, including positions in sales,
marketing, and senior management. He has founded and operated a
Technology Lending management company and managed large teams of
Technology Lending professionals. In addition he has full profit
and loss responsibility for specialty finance divisions of
public companies. This experience has provided him with the
judgment, knowledge, experience, skills and knowledge to make a
significant contribution to our board of directors ability
to manage our affairs and business.
Mr. Michaud has been President of our Advisor since its
formation. He has held senior management positions with several
Technology Lending divisions of public companies, including
Transamerica Business Credit and GATX Ventures, Inc. At
Transamerica he was the senior business development officer
responsible for over $700 million in loans. This
experience, particularly with respect to marketing and business
development, has provided Mr. Michaud with the judgment,
knowledge, experience, skills and expertise that are likely to
enhance our board of directors ability to manage and
direct our affairs.
Mr. Swanson is a partner in The Compass Group and currently
serves on the board of directors of a privately held company. He
has also served on several other boards of privately held
companies. Mr. Swanson has gained extensive experience as a
partner with the Compass Group in acquiring and financing
operating companies, as well as taking privately held companies
public. Mr. Swanson will provide our board of directors
with expertise in business and corporate governance matters and
will assist its ability to manage and direct our affairs.
82
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Our Advisor may in the future manage investment funds with
investment objectives similar to ours. Accordingly, we may not
be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments
made by such investment funds. However, our Advisor in these
situations intends to allocate investment opportunities in a
fair and equitable manner consistent with our investment
objectives and strategies so that we are not disadvantaged in
relation to any other investment fund.
HTFM, our Advisor and Administrator, is privately owned by
Horizon Technology Finance, LLC, which we refer to as
HTF, and Horizon Anchor Holdings, LLC, which we
refer to as HAH. HTF owns 60% of the outstanding
equity interests of our Advisor and HAH owns 40%. HTF was formed
in 2003 and is owned equally by Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., CEO
of our Advisor, and Gerald A. Michaud, President of our Advisor.
HTF is the predecessor to our Advisor. In addition to
originating and managing loans for Compass Horizon, our Advisor
has originated and managed loans for three other funds, Horizon
Technology Funding Company II LLC, Horizon Technology
Funding Company III LLC and Horizon Technology Funding
Company V LLC, originating loans in an aggregate original
principal amount of $258 million, $177 million and
$65 million, respectively, and achieving internal rates of
return as of December 31, 2009 of 13.5%, 12.9%, and 14.7%,
respectively. In March 2008, in connection with the formation
and capitalization of Compass Horizon, HTF and HAH formed our
Advisor. HTFs contracts, service agreements, employees and
other assets were transferred to our Advisor to continue to
externally manage all prior fund investments and to externally
manage the new Compass Horizon organization.
David P. Swanson, a partner in The Compass Group, and one of the
interested directors on our board of directors, is an owner in
HAH. The remaining ownership of HAH is held by individuals who
are affiliated with and employees of The Compass Group.
In connection with the formation of Compass Horizon, HAH became
a minority equity owner of our Advisor. As owners, the
principals of HAH, who are primarily employees of The Compass
Group, play a beneficial supporting role to our Advisor. We
expect to continue to benefit from our Advisors
relationship with The Compass Group. Since its establishment,
The Compass Group, together with its affiliates, has deployed
approximately $1 billion in debt and equity investments,
completing acquisitions of more than 20 businesses and numerous
add-on transactions. The Compass Group focuses its high
value-added strategy on middle-market control acquisitions and
seeks to partner with the best managers in an industry to build
great companies and grow medium and long term cash flow. In
addition to its other activities, The Compass Group currently
manages Compass Diversified Holdings (NASDAQ: CODI), which was
formed to acquire and manage a diversified group of small and
middle-market businesses headquartered in North America.
Prior to the completion of the offering, Compass Horizon intends
to make the Pre-IPO Distribution to CHP and after the pre-IPO
Distribution and immediately prior to the completion of this
offering, the Compass Owners will effect the Share Exchange.
Concurrent with this offering, CHP will offer a portion of the
shares of our common stock that it receives in the Share
Exchange. See The Exchange Transaction for a more
detailed description of the Pre-IPO Distribution, the Share
Exchange and CHPs concurrent offering of shares of our
common stock.
83
OUR
ADVISOR
HTFM will serve as our investment advisor pursuant to an
Investment Advisory and Management Agreement. Our Advisor is
registered as an investment adviser under the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940. Subject to the overall supervision of our
board of directors, our Advisor will manage the day-to-day
operations of, and provide investment advisory and management
services to us.
Portfolio
Management
The management of our investment portfolio will be the
responsibility of our Advisors executive officers and its
investment committee. The Investment Committee currently
consists of Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr., CEO of our Advisor,
Gerald A. Michaud, President of our Advisor, Daniel S.
Devorsetz, SVP and Chief Credit Officer of our Advisor, and
Kevin T. Walsh, Vice President and Senior Credit Officer of our
Advisor. For more information regarding the business experiences
of Messrs. Pomeroy, Michaud and Devorsetz, see
Management Biographical
Information Interested Directors and
Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors.
Below is the biography for the portfolio manager whose biography
has not been included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Kevin T. Walsh, Vice President, Senior Credit Officer of Our
Advisor. Mr. Walsh has been the Senior
Credit Officer of our Advisor since joining our Advisor in March
2006. Mr. Walsh is responsible for the underwriting of
initial investments and the ongoing review of the portfolio
accounts. Mr. Walsh has over 15 years of experience
working with early stage, venture backed technology and life
science companies. Prior to joining our Advisor in March 2006,
Mr. Walsh was a Senior Vice President and Market Manager
for Bridge Banks Technology Banking and Capital Finance
Divisions from September 2004 to March 2006 where he was
responsible for new business generation as well as risk
management activities within the Banks asset-based lending
sector. Prior to Bridge Bank, Mr. Walsh was a Vice
President and Relationship Manager for Silicon Valley Bank in
the Communication & Electronics Practice from
September 1994 to June 2004. Mr. Walsh is a graduate of the
California State University at Hayward, where he earned a
Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration.
The compensation of the members of the senior management
committee of our Advisor are paid by our Advisor and includes an
annual base salary, in certain cases an annual bonus based on an
assessment of short-term and long-term performance and a portion
of the incentive fee, if any, paid to our Advisor. In addition,
Mr. Pomeroy and Mr. Michaud have equity interests in
our Advisor and may receive distributions of profits in respect
of those interests.
84
INVESTMENT
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENTS
Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC serves as our
investment advisor and is registered as such under the Advisers
Act. Our Advisor manages our day-to-day operations and also
provides all administrative services necessary for us to operate.
Investment
Management Agreement
Under the terms of our Investment Management Agreement, which we
refer to as the investment management agreement, our Advisor
will:
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determine the composition of our portfolio, the nature and
timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of
implementing such changes;
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identify, evaluate and negotiate the structure of the
investments we make (including performing due diligence on our
prospective portfolio companies); and
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close, monitor and administer the investments we make, including
the exercise of any voting or consent rights.
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Our Advisors services under the investment management
agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar
services to other entities so long as its services to us are not
impaired.
Management
Fee
Pursuant to our investment management agreement, we will pay our
Advisor a fee for investment advisory and management services
consisting of a base management fee and an incentive fee.
Base Management Fee. The base management fee
will be calculated at an annual rate of 2.00% of our gross
assets, payable monthly in arrears. For purposes of calculating
the base management fee, the term gross assets
includes any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage.
Incentive Fee. The incentive fee will have two
parts, as follows:
The first part will be calculated and payable quarterly in
arrears based on our pre-incentive fee net investment income for
the immediately preceding calendar quarter. For this purpose,
pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income,
dividend income and any other income (including any other fees
(other than fees for providing managerial assistance), such as
commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting
fees or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies)
accrued during the calendar quarter, minus our operating
expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee,
expenses payable under the administration agreement (as defined
below), and any interest expense and any dividends paid on any
issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the
incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income
includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest
feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with
payment-in-kind
interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we
have not yet received in cash. The incentive fee with respect to
our pre-incentive fee net income will be 20.00% of the amount,
if any, by which our pre-incentive fee net investment income for
the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds a 1.75%
(which is 7.00% annualized) hurdle rate and a
catch-up
provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under
this provision, in any calendar quarter, our Advisor receives no
incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle
rate of 1.75%, but then receives, as a
catch-up,
100.00% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with
respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment
income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than
2.1875%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive
fee net investment income exceeds 2.1875% in any calendar
quarter, our Advisor will receive 20.00% of our pre-incentive
fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any
realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized
capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure
of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may pay an
incentive fee in a quarter where we incur a loss. For example,
if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess
of the quarterly minimum hurdle rate, we will pay the applicable
incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter
due to realized and unrealized capital losses. Our net
investment income used
85
to calculate this part of the incentive fee is also included in
the amount of our gross assets used to calculate the 2.00% base
management fee. These calculations will be appropriately pro
rated for any period of less than three months and adjusted for
any share issuances or repurchases during the current quarter.
The following is a graphical representation of the calculation
of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:
Quarterly
Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income
Pre-incentive fee net investment income
(expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)
Percentage
of pre-incentive fee net investment income allocated to first
part of incentive fee
The second part of the incentive fee will be determined and
payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon
termination of the investment management agreement, as of the
terminate date) , commencing on December 31, 2010, and will
equal 20% of our aggregate realized capital gains, if any, on a
cumulative basis from the date of our election to be a business
development company through the end of each calendar year,
computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized
capital depreciation through the end of such year, less all
previous amounts paid in respect of the capital gain incentive
fee provided that the incentive fee determined as of
December 31, 2010 will be calculated for a period of
shorter than twelve calendar months to take into account any
realized capital gains computed net of all realized capital
losses and unrealized capital depreciation for the period
beginning on the date of our election to be a business
development company and ending December 31, 2010.
Examples
of Incentive Fee Calculation
Example
1: Income Related Portion of Incentive Fee for Each Fiscal
Quarter
Alternative
1
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) =
1.25%
Hurdle
rate(1) =
1.75%
Management
fee(2) =
0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent,
etc.)(3)
= 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses) =
0.55%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed hurdle
rate; therefore, there is no income-related incentive fee.
86
Alternative
2
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) =
2.80%
Hurdle
rate(1) =
1.75%
Management
fee(2) =
0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent,
etc.)(3)
= 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses) =
2.10%
Incentive fee = 100.00% × Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment
Income (subject to
catch-up)(4)
= 100.00% × (2.10% − 1.75%)
= 0.35%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate,
but does not fully satisfy the
catch-up
provision; therefore, the income related portion of the
incentive fee is 0.35%.
Alternative
3
Assumptions:
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) =
3.00%
Hurdle
rate(1) =
1.75%
Management
fee(2) =
0.50%
Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent,
etc.)(3)
= 0.20%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
(investment income − (management fee + other expenses) =
2.30%
Incentive fee = 100.00% × Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment
Income (subject to
catch-up)(4)
Incentive fee = 100.00% ×
catch-up
+ (20.00% × (Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income
− 2.1875%))
Catch up = 2.1875% − 1.75%
= 0.4375%
Incentive fee = (100.00% × 0.4375%) + (20.00% × (2.30%
− 2.1875%))
= 0.4375% + (20.00% × 0.1125%)
= 0.4375% + 0.0225%
= 0.46%
Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income exceeds the hurdle rate,
and fully satisfies the
catch-up
provision; therefore, the income related portion of the
incentive fee is 0.46%.
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(1)
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Represents 7.00% annualized hurdle
rate.
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(2)
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Represents 2.00% annualized base
management fee.
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(3)
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Excludes organizational and
offering expenses.
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(4)
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The
catch-up
provision is intended to provide our Advisor with an incentive
fee of 20.00% on all Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as
if a hurdle rate did not apply when our net investment income
exceeds 2.1875% in any fiscal quarter.
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87
Example
2: Capital Gains Portion of Incentive Fee
Alternative
1
Assumptions:
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A
(Investment A), and $30 million investment made
in Company B (Investment B)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million and fair market
value (FMV) of Investment B determined to be
$32 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million
Year 4: Investment B sold for $31 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee, if any, would be:
Year 1: None (No sales transaction)
Year 2: Capital gains incentive fee of $6 million
($30 million realized capital gains on sale of
Investment A multiplied by 20%)
Year 3: None; $5 million (20% multiplied by
($30 million cumulative capital gains less $5 million
cumulative capital depreciation)) less $6 million (previous
capital gains fee paid in Year 2)
Year 4: Capital gains incentive fee of $200,000;
$6.2 million ($31 million cumulative realized capital
gains multiplied by 20%) less $6 million (capital gains
incentive fee taken in Year 2)
Alternative
2
Assumptions:
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A
(Investment A), $30 million investment made in
Company B (Investment B) and $25 million
investment made in Company C (Investment C)
Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million, FMV of
Investment B determined to be $25 million and FMV of
Investment C determined to be $25 million
Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $27 million
and Investment C sold for $30 million
Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million
Year 5: Investment B sold for $20 million
88
The capital gains incentive fee, if any, would be:
Year 1: None (no sales transaction)
Year 2: $5 million capital gains incentive fee (20%
multiplied by $25 million ($30 million realized
capital gains on Investment A less unrealized capital
depreciation on Investment B))
Year 3: $1.4 million capital gains incentive
fee(1)
($6.4 million (20% multiplied by $32 million
($35 million cumulative realized capital gains less
$3 million unrealized capital depreciation)) less
$5 million capital gains incentive fee received in Year 2
Year 4: None (no sales transaction)
Year 5: None ($5 million (20% multiplied by
$25 million (cumulative realized capital gains of
$35 million less realized capital losses of
$10 million)) less $6.4 million cumulative capital
gains incentive fee paid in Year 2 and Year
3(2)
The hypothetical amounts of returns shown are based on a
percentage of our total net assets and assume no leverage. There
is no guarantee that positive returns will be realized and
actual returns may vary from those shown in this example.
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(1)
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As illustrated in Year 3 of
Alternative 1 above, if we were to be wound up on a date other
than its fiscal year end of any year, we may have paid aggregate
capital gains incentive fees that are more than the amount of
such fees that would be payable if we had been wound up on its
fiscal year end of such year.
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(2)
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As noted above, it is possible that
the cumulative aggregate capital gains fee received by the
Investment Manager ($6.4 million) is effectively greater
than $5 million (20.00% of cumulative aggregate realized
capital gains less net realized capital losses or net unrealized
depreciation ($25 million)).
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Payment
of our expenses
All investment professionals and staff of our Advisor, when and
to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and
management services, and the compensation and routine overhead
expenses of its personnel allocable to such services, will be
provided and paid for by our Advisor. We will bear all other
costs and expenses of our operations and transactions,
including, without limitation, those relating to:
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our organization;
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calculating our net asset value (including the cost and expenses
of any independent valuation firms);
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expenses, including travel expense, incurred by our Advisor or
payable to third parties performing due diligence on prospective
portfolio companies, monitoring our investments and, if
necessary, enforcing our rights;
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interest payable on debt, if any, incurred to finance our
investments;
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the costs of this and all future offerings of our common stock
and other securities, if any;
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the base management fee and any incentive management fee;
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distributions on our shares;
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administration fees payable under our administration agreement;
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the allocated costs incurred by Advisor as our Administrator in
providing managerial assistance to those portfolio companies
that request it.
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amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated
with, making investments;
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transfer agent and custodial fees;
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registration fees;
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listing fees;
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fees and expenses associated with marketing efforts;
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taxes;
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independent director fees and expenses;
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brokerage commissions;
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costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents with
the SEC;
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the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to
our stockholders, including printing costs;
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our fidelity bond;
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directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance,
and any other insurance premiums;
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indemnification payments;
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direct costs and expenses of administration, including audit and
legal costs; and
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all other expenses incurred by us or the Administrator in
connection with administering our business, such as the
allocable portion of overhead under our administration
agreement, including rent, the fees and expenses associated with
performing compliance functions, and our allocable portion of
the costs of compensation and related expenses of our chief
compliance officer and our chief financial officer and their
respective staffs.
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We will reimburse our Advisor for costs and expenses incurred by
our Advisor for office space rental, office equipment and
utilities allocable to the performance by our Advisor of its
duties under the investment management agreement, as well as any
costs and expenses incurred by our Advisor relating to any
non-investment advisory, administrative or operating services
provided by our Advisor to us or in the form of managerial
assistance to portfolio companies that request it.
From time to time, our Advisor may pay amounts owed by us to
third party providers of goods or services. We will subsequently
reimburse our Advisor for such amounts paid on our behalf.
Generally, our expenses will be expensed as incurred in
accordance with GAAP. To the extent we incur costs that should
be capitalized and amortized into expense we will also do so in
accordance with GAAP, which may include amortizing such amount
on a straight line basis over the life of the asset or the life
of the services or product being performed or provided.
Limitation
of liability and indemnification
The investment management agreement provides that our Advisor
and its officers, directors, employees and affiliates are not
liable to us or any of our stockholders for any act or omission
by it or its employees in the supervision or management of our
investment activities or for any loss sustained by us or our
stockholders, except for acts or omissions constituting willful
misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard
of its obligations under the investment management agreement.
The investment management agreement also provides for
indemnification by us of our Advisors members, directors,
officers, employees, agents and control persons for liabilities
incurred by it in connection with their services to us, subject
to the same limitations and to certain conditions.
Board
approval of the investment management agreement
Our board of directors held an in-person meeting
on ,
2010, in order to consider and approve our investment management
agreement. In its consideration of the investment management
agreement, the board of directors focused on information it had
received relating to, among other things: (a) the nature,
quality and extent of the advisory and other services to be
provided to us by our Advisor; (b) comparative data with
respect to advisory fees or similar expenses paid by other
business development companies with similar investment
objectives; (c) our projected operating expenses and
expense ratio compared to business development companies with
similar investment objectives; (d) any existing and
potential sources of indirect income to our Advisor or the
Administrator
90
from their relationships with us and the profitability of those
relationships; (e) information about the services to be
performed and the personnel performing such services under the
investment management agreement; (f) the organizational
capability and financial condition of our Advisor and its
affiliates; (g) our Advisors practices regarding the
selection and compensation of brokers that may execute our
portfolio transactions and the brokers provision of
brokerage and research services to our Advisor; and (h) the
possibility of obtaining similar services from other third party
service providers or through an internally managed structure.
Based on the information reviewed and the discussions, the board
of directors, including a majority of the non-interested
directors, concluded that the investment management fee rates
are reasonable in relation to the services to be provided.
Duration
and termination
The investment management agreement was approved by our board of
directors
on ,
2010. Unless terminated earlier as described below, it will
continue in effect for a period of 2 years from its
effective date. It will remain in effect from year to year
thereafter if approved annually by our board of directors or by
the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our
outstanding voting securities, including, in either case,
approval by a majority of our directors who are not interested
persons. The investment management agreement will automatically
terminate in the event of its assignment. The investment
management agreement may be terminated by either party without
penalty by delivering upon not more than 60 days
written notice to the other. See Risk Factors
Risks Related to our Business and Structure Our
Advisor can resign on 60 days notice, and we may not
be able to find a suitable replacement within that time,
resulting in a disruption in our operations that could adversely
affect our business, results or operations or financial
condition. We are dependent upon senior management
personnel of our Advisor for our future success, and if our
Advisor is unable to hire and retain qualified personnel or if
our Advisor loses any member of its senior management team, our
ability to achieve our investment objective could be
significantly harmed.
Administration
Agreement
We have entered into an administration agreement with HTFM, our
Administrator, to provide administrative services to us. For
providing these services, facilities and personnel, we will
reimburse our Administrator for our allocable portion of
overhead and other expenses incurred by our Administrator in
performing its obligations under the administration agreement,
including rent, the fees and expenses associated with performing
compliance functions, and our allocable portion of the costs of
compensation and related expenses of our chief compliance
officer and our chief financial officer and their respective
staffs.
From time to time, our Administrator may pay amounts owed by us
to third-party providers of goods or services. We will
subsequently reimburse our Administrator for such amounts paid
on our behalf.
License
Agreement
We have entered into a license agreement with our Advisor
pursuant to which our Advisor has agreed to grant us a
non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the service
mark Horizon Technology Finance. Under this
agreement, we have a right to use the Horizon Technology
Finance service mark for so long as the investment
management agreement with our Advisor is in effect. Other than
with respect to this limited license, we will have no legal
right to the Horizon Technology Finance service mark.
91
CONTROL
PERSONS, PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS AND THE SELLING
STOCKHOLDER
Following the Share Exchange and immediately prior to the
completion of this offering, we will have shares of common stock
outstanding, all of which will be owned beneficially and of
record by the stockholders listed in the table below. The
following table sets forth certain information with respect to
the beneficial and record ownership of our common stock
immediately prior to the completion of this offering (after
giving effect to the share exchange) and as adjusted to reflect
the sale of shares of common stock offered by this prospectus by:
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each person known to us to own beneficially and of record more
than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock;
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each of our directors and each of our executive officers;
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all of our directors and executive officers as a group; and
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the selling stockholder.
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Shares Owned
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Shares Owned
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Beneficially
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Beneficially
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and of Record
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and of Record
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Immediately Prior
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Number
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Immediately After
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to This Offering
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of Shares
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This Offering
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Name of Beneficial
Owner
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Number
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Percent
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Being Offered
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Number
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Percent(1)
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Principal Stockholders
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Compass Horizon Partners,
LP(2)
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%
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HTF-CHF Holdings
LLC(3)
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%
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Directors and Executive Officers
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Robert D. Pomeroy,
Jr.(3)
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Gerald A.
Michaud(3)
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David P. Swanson
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Christopher M.
Mathieu(3)
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John C.
Bombara(3)
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Daniel S.
Devorsetz(3)
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All officers and directors as a group
( persons)
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(1)
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Assumes the sale
of shares
of our common stock by the selling stockholder and the issuance
of shares
of our common stock in this offering.
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(2)
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Concorde Horizon Holdings LP. is
the limited partner of Compass Horizon Partners, LP and Navco
Management Ltd. is the general partner. Concorde Horizon
Holdings LP. and Navco Management Ltd. are controlled by
Kattegat Trust, a Bermudian charitable trust, the trustee of
which is Kattegat Private Trustees (Bermuda) Limited, a
Bermudian trust company with its principal offices at 2 Reid
Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda.
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(3)
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Messrs. Pomeroy, Michaud,
Mathieu, Bombara and Devorsetz each own 33%, 33%, 15.5%, 9.3%
and 6.2% of HTF-CHF Holdings LLC, respectively. The address for
HTF-CHF Holdings LLC is 76 Batterson Park Road, Farmington,
Connecticut 06032.
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92
The following table sets forth the dollar range of our
securities owned by our directors and employees primarily
responsible for the day-to-day management of our investment
portfolio.
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Aggregate Dollar Range of
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Equity Securities in all
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Registered Investment
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Companies Overseen by
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Dollar Range of Equity
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Director in Family of
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Name
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Securities in the
Company(1)
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Investment Companies
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Independent Directors
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Interested Directors
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Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
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Gerald A. Michaud
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David P. Swanson
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Portfolio Management Employees
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Christopher M. Mathieu
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John C. Bombara
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Daniel S. Devorsetz
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(1)
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The dollar range of equity
securities beneficially owned in us is based on the assumed
initial offering price of our common stock of
$ per share (the mid-point of the
range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).
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93
DETERMINATION
OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value per share of our outstanding shares of
common stock will be determined quarterly by dividing the value
of total assets minus liabilities by the total number of shares
of common stock outstanding at the date as of which the
determination is made. We will conduct the valuation of our
assets, pursuant to which our net asset value will be
determined, at all times consistent with GAAP and the 1940 Act.
In calculating the fair value of our total assets, investments
for which market quotations are readily available will be valued
at such market quotations, which will generally be obtained from
an independent pricing service or one or more broker-dealers or
market makers. However, debt investments with remaining
maturities within 60 days that are not credit impaired will
be valued at cost plus accreted discount, or minus amortized
premium, which approximates fair value.
We value our investments at fair value which shall be the market
value of our investments. We expect that there will not be a
readily available market value for many of our portfolio
investments, and we will value those debt and equity securities
that are not publicly traded or whose market value is not
ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
board of directors in accordance with our valuation policy. Our
board of directors will employ an independent third party
valuation firms to assist in determining fair value.
The types of factors that the board of directors may take into
account in determining fair value include: comparisons of
financial ratios of the portfolio companies that issued such
private equity securities to peer companies that are public, the
nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio
companys ability to make payments and its earnings and
discounted cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company
does business, and other relevant factors. When an external
event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or
subsequent equity sale occurs, the company will consider the
pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate the
private equity valuation.
With respect to investments for which market quotations are not
readily available or for which no indicative prices from pricing
services or brokers or dealers have been received, our board of
directors will undertake a multi-step valuation process each
quarter, as described below:
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the quarterly valuation process will begin with each portfolio
company or investment being initially valued by our
Advisors investment professionals responsible for
monitoring the investment;
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preliminary valuation conclusions will then be documented and
discussed with our Advisors senior management;
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a third-party valuation firm will be engaged by, or on behalf
of, our board of directors to conduct selected investment
independent appraisals after reviewing our Advisors
preliminary valuations; and
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our board of directors will then discuss the valuations and
determine in good faith the fair value of each investment in the
portfolio based on the analysis and recommendations of our
Advisor and, when determined by our board of directors, an
independent valuation firm.
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Due to the inherent uncertainty in determining the fair value of
investments that do not have a readily observable fair value,
and the subjective judgments and estimates involved in those
determinations, the fair value determinations by our board of
directors, even though determined in good faith, may differ
significantly from the values that would have been used had a
readily available market value existed for such investments, and
the differences could be material.
Determinations
in connection with offerings
In connection with certain offerings of shares of our common
stock, our board of directors or one of its committees will be
required to make the determination that we are not selling
shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net
asset value of our common stock at the time at which the sale is
made. Our board of
94
directors or an applicable committee of our board of directors
will consider the following factors, among others, in making
such determination:
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the net asset value of our common stock most recently disclosed
by us in the most recent periodic report that we filed with the
SEC;
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our managements assessment of whether any material change
in the net asset value of our common stock has occurred
(including through the realization of gains on the sale of our
portfolio securities) during the period beginning on the date of
the most recently disclosed net asset value of our common stock
and ending two days prior to the date of the sale of our common
stock; and
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the magnitude of the difference between (i) the net asset
value of our common stock most recently disclosed by us and our
managements assessment of any material change in the net
asset value of our common stock since that determination, and
(ii) the offering price of the shares of our common stock
in the proposed offering.
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This determination will not require that we calculate the net
asset value of our common stock in connection with each offering
of shares of our common stock, but instead it will involve the
determination by our board of directors or a committee thereof
that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price
below the then current net asset value of our common stock at
the time at which the sale is made or otherwise in violation of
the 1940 Act.
Moreover, to the extent that there is even a remote possibility
that we may (i) issue shares of our common stock at a price
below the then current net asset value of our common stock at
the time at which the sale is made or (ii) trigger the
undertaking (which we provide in certain registration statements
we file with the SEC) to suspend the offering of shares of our
common stock pursuant to this prospectus if the net asset value
of our common stock fluctuates by certain amounts in certain
circumstances until the prospectus is amended, our board of
directors will elect, in the case of clause (i) above,
either to postpone the offering until such time that there is no
longer the possibility of the occurrence of such event or to
undertake to determine the net asset value of our common stock
within two days prior to any such sale to ensure that such sale
will not be below our then current net asset value, and, in the
case of clause (ii) above, to comply with such undertaking
or to undertake to determine the net asset value of our common
stock to ensure that such undertaking has not been triggered.
95
DIVIDEND
REINVESTMENT PLAN
We have adopted a dividend reinvestment plan that provides for
reinvestment of our cash distributions and other distributions
on behalf of our stockholders, unless a stockholder elects to
receive cash as provided below. As a result, if our board of
directors authorizes, and we declare, a cash distribution, then
our stockholders who have not opted out of our
dividend reinvestment plan will have their cash distribution
automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common
stock, rather than receiving the cash distribution.
No action is required on the part of a registered stockholder to
have their cash distribution reinvested in shares of our common
stock. A registered stockholder may elect to receive an entire
distribution in cash by
notifying ,
the plan administrator and our transfer agent and registrar, in
writing so that such notice is received by the plan
administrator no later than the record date for distributions to
stockholders. The plan administrator will set up an account for
shares acquired through the plan for each stockholder who has
not elected to receive dividends or other distributions in cash
and hold such shares in non-certificated form. Upon request by a
stockholder participating in the plan, received in writing not
less than 10 days prior to the record date, the plan
administrator will, instead of crediting shares to the
participants account, issue a certificate registered in
the participants name for the number of whole shares of
our common stock and a check for any fractional share.
Those stockholders whose shares are held by a broker or other
financial intermediary may receive distributions in cash by
notifying their broker or other financial intermediary of their
election.
We intend to use primarily newly issued shares to implement the
plan, whether our shares are trading at a premium or at a
discount to net asset value. However, we reserve the right to
purchase shares in the open market in connection with our
implementation of the plan. If we declare a distribution to
stockholders, the plan administrator may be instructed not to
credit accounts with newly-issued shares and instead to buy
shares in the market if (i) the price at which newly-issued
shares are to be credited does not exceed 110% of the last
determined net asset value of the shares or (ii) we have
advised the plan administrator that since such net asset value
was last determined, we have become aware of events that
indicate the possibility of a material change in per share net
asset value as a result of which the net asset value of the
shares on the payment date might be higher than the price at
which the plan administrator would credit newly-issued shares to
stockholders. The number of shares to be issued to a stockholder
is determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the
dividend payable to such stockholder by the market price per
share of our common stock at the close of regular trading on The
NASDAQ Global Market on the valuation date, which date shall be
as close as practicable to the dividend payment date for such
dividend. Market price per share on that date will be the
closing price for such shares on The NASDAQ Global Market or, if
no sale is reported for such day, at the average of their
reported bid and asked prices. The number of shares of our
common stock to be outstanding after giving effect to payment of
the dividend cannot be established until the value per share at
which additional shares will be issued has been determined and
elections of our stockholders have been tabulated. Stockholders
who do not elect to receive distributions in shares of common
stock may experience accretion to the net asset value of their
shares if our shares are trading at a premium at the time we
issue new shares under the plan and dilution if our shares are
trading at a discount. The level of accretion or discount would
depend on various factors, including the proportion of our
stockholders who participate in the plan, the level of premium
or discount at which our shares are trading and the amount of
the dividend payable to a stockholder.
There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to
stockholders who participate in the plan. The plan
administrators fees under the plan will be paid by us. If
a participant elects by written notice to the plan administrator
to have the plan administrator sell part or all of the shares
held by the plan administrator in the participants account
and remit the proceeds to the participant, the plan
administrator is authorized to deduct a
$ transaction
fee plus a ¢ per share
brokerage commissions from the proceeds.
Stockholders who receive distributions in the form of stock are
subject to the same federal income tax consequences as are
stockholders who elect to receive their dividends in cash. A
stockholders basis for determining gain or loss upon the
sale of stock received in a dividend from us will be equal to
the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to the
stockholder. Any stock received in a dividend will have a new
holding period for tax purposes commencing on the day following
the day on which the shares are credited to the
U.S. stockholders account. See Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
96
Participants may terminate their accounts under the plan by
notifying the plan agent via its website
at ,
by filling out the transaction request form located at bottom of
their statement and sending it to the plan agent
at
or by calling the plan agent
at .
The plan may be terminated by us upon notice in writing mailed
to each participant at least 30 days prior to any record
date for the payment of any distribution by us. All
correspondence concerning the plan should be directed to the
plan administrator by mail
at .
If you withdraw or the plan is terminated, you will receive a
certificate for each whole share in your account under the plan
and you will receive a cash payment for any fraction of a share
in your account.
If you hold your common stock with a brokerage firm that does
not participate in the plan, you will not be able to participate
in the plan and any dividend reinvestment may be effected on
different terms than those described above. Consult your
financial advisor for more information.
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DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
General
The following description does not purport to be complete and
is subject to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation
and bylaws, forms of which will be filed as exhibits to this
registration statement. The descriptions are qualified in their
entirety by reference to our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws and to applicable law.
Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our
authorized capital stock will consist solely
of shares
of common stock, par value $ per
share, of
which shares
were outstanding as
of ,
2010 (after giving effect to the Share Exchange and assuming the
mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of this
prospectus),
and shares
of preferred stock, par value $
per share, of which no shares were outstanding as
of ,
2010. There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase
our stock. No stock has been authorized for issuance under any
equity compensation plans. Our board of directors is authorized
to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into
other classes or series of stock without obtaining stockholder
approval. As permitted by Delaware law, our certificate of
incorporation provides that the board of directors may, without
any action by our stockholders, amend our certificate of
incorporation from time to time to increase or decrease the
aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of
stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue.
Under Delaware law, our stockholders generally are not
personally liable for our debts or obligations.
Common
stock
Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, all shares
of our common stock have equal rights as to earnings, assets,
dividends and voting and, when they are issued, will be duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if,
as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by
us out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any
preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock.
Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share
held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders,
including the election of directors, and do not have cumulative
voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares
of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors
may elect all of the directors standing for election. Upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common
stock are entitled to receive ratably our net assets available
after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject
to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders
of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or
conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of
holders of common stock are subject to the rights of the holders
of any series of preferred stock which we may designate and
issue in the future. In addition, holders of our common stock
may participate in our dividend reinvestment plan.
We have applied to have our common stock listed on The NASDAQ
Global Market under the ticker symbol HRZN.
Preferred
stock
Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our board
of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in
one or more series without stockholder approval. The board has
discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and
restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights,
conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation
preferences of each series of preferred stock. Every issuance of
preferred stock will be required to comply with the requirements
of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act limits our flexibility as to
certain rights and preferences of the preferred stock that our
certificate of incorporation may provide and requires, among
other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and
before any distribution is made with respect to our common
stock, and before any purchase of common stock is made, such
preferred stock together with all other senior securities must
not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our total assets after
deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase
price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of shares of
preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class
to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of
the directors if and for so long as dividends on the preferred
stock are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under
the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any
issued and outstanding preferred stock. For example, holders of
preferred stock
98
would vote separately from the holders of common stock on a
proposal to cease operations as a business development company.
The features of the preferred stock will be further limited by
the requirements applicable to regulated investment companies
under the Code. The purpose of authorizing our board to issue
preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences is to
eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote on specific
issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing
desirable flexibility in connection with providing leverage for
our investment program, possible acquisitions and other
corporate purposes, could make it more difficult for a third
party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from
acquiring, a majority of our outstanding voting stock.
Anti-takeover
Effects of Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation,
Bylaws, Delaware Law and Other Arrangements
Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws, as summarized below, and applicable provisions of the
Delaware General Corporation Law and certain other agreements to
which we are a party may make it more difficult for or prevent
an unsolicited third party from acquiring control of us or
changing our board of directors and management. These provisions
may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying
changes in our control or in our management. These provisions
are intended to enhance the likelihood of continued stability in
the composition of our board of directors and in the policies
furnished by them and to discourage certain types of
transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change in
our control. The provisions also are intended to discourage
certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. These
provisions, however, could have the effect of discouraging
others from making tender offers for our shares and, as a
consequence, they also may inhibit fluctuations in the market
price of our shares that could result from actual or rumored
takeover attempts.
Classified Board; Vacancies; Removal. The
classification of our board of directors and the limitations on
removal of directors and filling of vacancies could have the
effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire
us, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring us. Our
board of directors will be divided into three classes, with the
term of one class expiring at each annual meeting of
stockholders. At each annual meeting, one class of directors is
elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up
to two years the replacement of a majority of the board of
directors.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to the
rights of any holders of preferred stock, any vacancy on the
board of directors, however the vacancy occurs, including a
vacancy due to an enlargement of the board, may only be filled
by vote a majority of the directors then in office.
A director may be removed at any time at a meeting called for
that purpose, but only for cause and only by the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least 75% of the shares then entitled
to vote for the election of the respective director.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and
Director Nominations. Our bylaws provide that
with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations
of person for election to the board of directors and the
proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be
made only (1) by or at the direction of the board of
directors, (2) pursuant to our notice of meeting or
(3) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting
and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the
bylaws. Nominations of persons for election to the board of
directors at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or
at the director of the board of directors, or (2) provided
that the board of directors has determined that directors will
be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to
vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice
provisions of the bylaws. The purpose of requiring stockholders
to give us advance notice of nominations and other business is
to afford our board of directors a meaningful opportunity to
consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees and the
advisability of any other proposed business and, to the extent
deemed necessary or desirable by our board of directors, to
inform our stockholders and make recommendations about such
qualifications or business, as well as to prove a more orderly
procedure for conducting meetings of stockholders. Although our
bylaws do not give our board of directors any power to
disapprove stockholder nominations for the election of directors
or proposals recommending certain action, they may have the
effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or
the consideration of stockholder proposals if proper procedures
are not followed and of discouraging or deterring a third party
from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate
of directors or to approve its own proposal without regard to
whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be
harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.
99
Amendments to Certificate of Incorporation and
Bylaws. Delawares corporation law provides
generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares
entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a
corporations certificate of incorporation or bylaws,
unless a corporations certificate of incorporation or
bylaws requires a greater percentage. Our certificate of
incorporation permits our board of directors to amend or repeal
our bylaws. Our bylaws generally can be amended by approval of
at least
662/3%
of the total number of authorized directors subject to certain
exceptions, including provisions relating to the size of our
board, and certain actions requiring board approval, which
provisions will require the vote of 75% of our board of
directors to be amended. The affirmative vote of the holders of
at least
662/3%
of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote is required
to amend or repeal any of the provisions of our bylaws.
Calling of Special Meetings by
Stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation
and bylaws also provide that special meetings of the
stockholders may only be called by our board of directors,
Chairman, Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer or President.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law. We will be subject to the provisions of
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law once we
are a public company. In general, the statute prohibits a
publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a
business combination with interested
stockholders for a period of three years after the date of
the transaction in which the person became an interested
stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a
prescribed manner. A business combination includes
certain mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in
a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Subject to
certain exceptions, an interested stockholder is a
person who, together with his affiliates and associates, owns,
or within three years did own, 15% or more of the
corporations voting stock.
Approval of Certain Transactions. Our
certificate of incorporation requires the favorable vote of a
majority of our board of directors followed by the favorable
vote of the holders of at least 75% of our outstanding shares of
each affected class or series, voting separately as a class or
series, to approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions with
5% or greater holders of a class or series of shares and their
associates, unless the transaction has been approved by at least
80% of our directors, in which case a majority of the
outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act)
will be required. For purposes of these provisions, a 5% or
greater holder of a class or series of shares, or a principal
stockholder, refers to any person who, whether directly or
indirectly and whether alone or together with its affiliates and
associates, beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding
shares of our voting securities.
The 5% holder transactions subject to these special approval
requirements are: the merger or consolidation of us or any
subsidiary of ours with or into any principal stockholder; the
issuance of any of our securities to any principal stockholder
for cash, except pursuant to any automatic dividend reinvestment
plan or rights offering in which the holder does not increase
its percentage of voting securities; the sale, lease or exchange
of all or any substantial part of our assets to any principal
stockholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value
of less than 5% of our total assets, aggregating for the purpose
of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any
series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period; or
the sale, lease or exchange to us or any subsidiary of ours, in
exchange for our securities, of any assets of any principal
stockholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value
of less than 5% of our total assets, aggregating for purposes of
such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any
series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period.
To convert us to an open-end investment company, to merge or
consolidate us with any entity or sell all or substantially all
of our assets to any entity in a transaction as a result of
which the governing documents of the surviving entity do not
contain substantially the same anti-takeover provisions as are
provided in our certificate of incorporation, to liquidate and
dissolve us other than in connection with a qualifying merger,
consolidation or sale of assets or to amend any of the
provisions discussed herein, our certificate of incorporation
requires the favorable vote of a majority of our board of
directors followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at
least 75% of our outstanding shares of each affected class or
series of our shares, voting separately as a class or series,
unless such amendment has been approved by at least 80% of our
directors, in which case a majority of the outstanding
voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) shall be
required. If approved in the foregoing manner, our conversion to
an open-end investment company could not occur until
90 days after the stockholders meeting at which such
conversion was approved and would also require at least
30 days prior notice to all stockholders. As part of any
such conversion to an open-end investment company, substantially
all of our investment policies and strategies and
100
portfolio would have to be modified to assure the degree of
portfolio liquidity required for open-end investment companies.
In the event of conversion, the common shares would cease to be
listed on any national securities exchange or market system.
Stockholders of an open-end investment company may require the
company to redeem their shares at any time, except in certain
circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act, at their
net asset value, less such redemption charge, if any, as might
be in effect at the time of a redemption. You should assume that
it is not likely that our board of directors would vote to
convert us to an open-end fund.
The 1940 Act defines a majority of the outstanding voting
securities as the lesser of a majority of the outstanding
shares and 67% of a quorum of a majority of the outstanding
shares. For the purposes of calculating a majority of the
outstanding voting securities under our certificate of
incorporation, each class and series of our shares will vote
together as a single class, except to the extent required by the
1940 Act or our certificate of incorporation, with respect to
any class or series of shares. If a separate class vote is
required, the applicable proportion of shares of the class or
series, voting as a separate class or series, also will be
required.
Our board of directors has determined that provisions with
respect to the board of directors and the stockholder voting
requirements described above, which voting requirements are
greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the
1940 Act, are in the best interest of stockholders generally.
Our Credit Facility also contains a covenant that prohibits us
from merging or consolidating with any other person or selling
all or substantially all of our assets without the prior written
consent of WestLB. If we were to engage in such a transaction
without such consent, WestLB could accelerate our repayment
obligations under,
and/or
terminate, our Credit Facility. See Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Borrowings.
In addition, the SBA prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a
change of control of an SBIC. A change of
control is any event which would result in the transfer of
power, direct or indirect, to direct the management and policies
of an SBIC, including through ownership. To the extent that we
form an SBIC subsidiary, this would prohibit a change of control
of us without prior SBA approval.
Limitations
of liability and indemnification
The Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes corporations to
limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors to
corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for
breaches of directors fiduciary duties. Our certificate of
incorporation will include a provision that eliminates the
personal liability of for monetary damages for actions taken as
a director, except for liability:
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for breach of duty of loyalty;
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for acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional
misconduct or knowing violation of law;
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under Section 174 of the DGCL (unlawful dividends); or
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for transactions from which the director derived improper
personal benefit.
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Under our certificate of incorporation, we will fully indemnify
any person who was or is involved in any actual or threatened
action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such
person is or was one of our directors or officers. So long as we
are regulated under the 1940 Act, the above indemnification and
limitation of liability is limited by the 1940 Act or by any
valid rule, regulation or order of the SEC thereunder. The 1940
Act provides, among other things, that a company may not
indemnify any director or officer against liability to it or its
security holders to which he or she might otherwise be subject
by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his or her office unless a determination is made by
final decision of a court, by vote of a majority of a quorum of
directors who are disinterested, non-party directors or by
independent legal counsel that the liability for which
indemnification is sought did not arise out of the foregoing
conduct.
Delaware law also provides that indemnification permitted under
the law shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to
which the directors and officers may be entitled under the
corporations bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders
or otherwise.
We have obtained liability insurance for our officers and
directors.
101
SHARES
ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Immediately prior to this offering, there has been no public
market for our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our
unregistered common stock in the public market or the perception
that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the
prevailing market price of our common stock and our future
ability to raise capital through the sale of our equity
securities.
Upon completion of this offering (after giving effect to the
share exchange and assuming the mid-point of the range set forth
on the cover of this
prospectus), shares
of our common stock will be outstanding
(or shares
of our common stock if the underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full). Of these shares,
the shares
sold in this offering will be freely tradable without
restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act,
unless those shares are purchased by affiliates as
that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if
registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration
under Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
Rule 144
In general, a person who has beneficially owned restricted
shares of our common stock for at least six months would be
entitled to sell their securities provided that (i) such
person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the
time of, or at any time during the 90 days preceding, a
sale and (ii) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic
reporting requirements for at least 90 days before the
sale. Persons who have beneficially owned restricted shares of
our common stock for at least six months but who are our
affiliates at the time of, or any time during the 90 days
preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions,
by which such person would be entitled to sell within any
three-month period only a number of securities that does not
exceed the greater of either of the following:
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1% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding,
which will equal
approximately shares
immediately after this offering; or
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the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the
NASDAQ Global Market for the four calendar weeks prior to the
sale,
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provided, in each case, that we are subject to the Exchange Act
periodic reporting requirements for at least 90 days before
the sale. Such sales must also comply with the manner of sale,
current public information and notice provisions of
Rule 144.
Lock-up
Agreements
We and our officers and directors and our existing stockholders
have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain
exceptions, not to (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to
sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any
option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant
to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly
or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common
stock, (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that
transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic
consequences of ownership of the common stock, (iii) make
any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the
registration of any shares of our common stock or any security
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock
for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus
without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated.
The 180-day
restricted period described above is subject to extension such
that, in the event that either (a) during the last
17 days of the
180-day
restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news
or a material event relating to us occurs or (b) prior to
the expiration of the
180-day
restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings
results during the
16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
180-day
period, the
lock-up
restrictions described above will continue to apply until the
expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event. See
Underwriters.
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REGULATION
We intend to elect to be regulated as a business development
company under the 1940 Act and intend to elect to be treated as
a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As with other companies
regulated by the 1940 Act, a business development company must
adhere to certain substantive regulatory requirements. The 1940
Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to
transactions between business development companies and their
affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers),
principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or
underwriters and requires that a majority of the directors be
persons other than interested persons, as that term
is defined in the 1940 Act. In addition, the 1940 Act provides
that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease
to be, or to withdraw our election as, a business development
company unless approved by a majority of our outstanding
voting securities as defined in the 1940 Act. A majority
of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined
under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of
such companys shares present at a meeting if more than 50%
of the outstanding shares of such company are present and
represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the
outstanding shares of such company.
We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired
directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With
respect to such securities, we may, for the purpose of public
resale, be deemed an underwriter as that term is
defined in the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. We
also do not intend to acquire securities issued by any
investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the 1940
Act. Under these limits, except for registered money market
funds, we generally cannot acquire more than 3% of the voting
stock of any investment company, invest more than 5% of the
value of our total assets in the securities of one investment
company or invest more than 10% of the value of our total assets
in the securities of more than one investment company. With
regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities
issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such
investments might subject our stockholders to additional
expenses. None of our investment policies are fundamental and
any may be changed without stockholder approval.
We may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly
participating in certain transactions with our affiliates
without the prior approval of our board of directors who are not
interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the
SEC. For example, under the 1940 Act, absent receipt of
exemptive relief from the SEC, we and our affiliates may be
precluded from co-investing in private placements of securities.
As a result of one or more of these situations, we may not be
able to invest as much as we otherwise would in certain
investments or may not be able to liquidate a position as
quickly.
We expect to be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance
with the 1940 Act.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a
reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against
larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a business development
company, we are prohibited from protecting any director or
officer against any liability to us or our stockholders arising
from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such
persons office.
We and our Advisor are adopting and implementing written
policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation
of the federal securities laws and will review these policies
and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness
of their implementation. We and our Advisor have designated an
interim chief compliance officer to be responsible for
administering the policies and procedures.
Qualifying
assets
Under the 1940 Act, a business development company may not
acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in
section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as
qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made,
qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the companys
total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets
relevant to our proposed business are the following:
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Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public
offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer
(subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio
company, or from any person who is, or has been during the
preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible
portfolio company, or from
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any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by
the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940
Act as any issuer which:
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is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of
business in, the United States;
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is not an investment company (other than a small business
investment company wholly owned by the business development
company) or a company that would be an investment company but
for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
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satisfies any of the following:
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has a market capitalization of less than $250 million or
does not have any class of securities listed on a national
securities exchange;
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is controlled by a business development company or a group of
companies including a business development company, the business
development company actually exercises a controlling influence
over the management or policies of the eligible portfolio
company, and, as a result thereof, the business development
company has an affiliated person who is a director of the
eligible portfolio company; or
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is a small and solvent company having total assets of not more
than $4 million and capital and surplus of not less than
$2 million.
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Securities of any eligible portfolio company which we control.
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Securities purchased in a private transaction from a
U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an
affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident
thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to
reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the
purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as
they came due without material assistance other than
conventional lending or financing arrangements.
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Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any
person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for
such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity
of the eligible portfolio company.
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Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with
respect to securities described above, or pursuant to the
exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
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Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities or
high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from
the time of investment.
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The regulations defining qualifying assets may change over time.
We may adjust our investment focus as needed to comply with
and/or take
advantage of any regulatory, legislative, administrative or
judicial actions in this area.
Managerial
assistance to portfolio companies
A business development company must have been organized and have
its principal place of business in the United States and must be
operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of
securities described in Qualifying
assets above. However, in order to count portfolio
securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test,
the business development company must either control the issuer
of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer
of the securities (other than small and solvent companies
described above) significant managerial assistance. Where the
business development company purchases such securities in
conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, the
business development company will satisfy this test if one of
the other persons in the group makes available such managerial
assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among
other things, any arrangement whereby the business development
company, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to
provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance
and counsel concerning the management, operations or business
objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
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Issuance
of Additional Shares
We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at
a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, issue
and sell our common stock, at a price below the current net
asset value of the common stock, or issue and sell warrants,
options or rights to acquire such common stock, at a price below
the current net asset value of the common stock if our board of
directors determines that such sale is in our best interest and
in the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders
have approved our policy and practice of making such sales
within the preceding 12 months. In any such case, the price
at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be
less than a price which, in the determination of our board of
directors, closely approximates the market value of such
securities.
Temporary
investments
Pending investment in other types of qualifying
assets, as described above, our investments may consist of
cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities or
high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from
the time of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as
temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying
assets. Typically, we will invest in highly rated commercial
paper, U.S. Government agency notes, U.S. Treasury
bills or in repurchase agreements relating to such securities
that are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by
the U.S. Government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement
involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified
security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to
repurchase it at an
agreed-upon
future date and at a price which is greater than the purchase
price by an amount that reflects an
agreed-upon
interest rate. There is no percentage restriction on the
proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase
agreements. However, if more than 25% of our total assets
constitute repurchase agreements from a single counterparty, we
would not meet the diversification tests in order to qualify as
a RIC for federal income tax purposes. Thus, we do not intend to
enter into repurchase agreements with a single counterparty in
excess of this limit. Our Advisor will monitor the
creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into
repurchase agreement transactions.
Senior
securities; Derivative securities
We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple
classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to our
common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act,
is at least equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance.
In addition, while any senior securities are outstanding, we
must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our
stockholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares
unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time
of the distribution or repurchase. We may also borrow amounts up
to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or
emergency purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a
discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see Risk
Factors Risks Related to our Business and
Structure We will borrow money, which will magnify
the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may
increase the risk of investing in us.
The 1940 Act also limits the amount of warrants, options and
rights to common stock that we may issue and the terms of such
securities. We do not have, and do not anticipate having,
outstanding derivative securities relating to our common shares.
Code of
ethics
We and our Advisor have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant
to
Rule 17j-1
under the 1940 Act and
Rule 204A-1
under the Advisers Act, respectively, that establishes
procedures for personal investments and restricts certain
personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to each code
may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts,
including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so
long as such investments are made in accordance with the
codes requirements. You may read and copy the code of
ethics at the SECs Public Reference Room in
Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the
operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at
(202) 942-8090.
In addition, each code of ethics is attached as an exhibit to
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,
and is available on the SECs Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov.
You may also obtain copies of the code of ethics, after paying a
duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following
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e-mail
address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs
Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
Proxy
voting policies and procedures
We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to our
Advisor. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of our Advisor
are set forth below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by
our Advisor and our independent directors, and, accordingly, are
subject to change.
Introduction
Our Advisor is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which we refer to as
the Advisers Act. As an investment adviser registered under the
Advisers Act, our Advisor has fiduciary duties to us. As part of
this duty, our Advisor recognizes that it must vote client
securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and
in our best interests and the best interests of our
stockholders. Our Advisors Proxy Voting Policies and
Procedures have been formulated to ensure decision-making
consistent with these fiduciary duties.
These policies and procedures for voting proxies are intended to
comply with Section 206 of, and
Rule 206(4)-6
under, the Advisers Act.
Proxy
policies
Our Advisor votes proxies relating to our portfolio securities
in what our Advisor perceives to be the best interest of our
stockholders. Our Advisor reviews on a
case-by-case
basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine
its effect on the portfolio securities held by us. Although our
Advisor will generally vote against proposals that may have a
negative effect on our portfolio securities, our Advisor may
vote for such a proposal if there exist compelling long-term
reasons to do so.
Our Advisors proxy voting decisions are made by those
senior officers who are responsible for monitoring each of our
investments. To ensure that a vote is not the product of a
conflict of interest, our Advisor requires that (1) anyone
involved in the decision-making process disclose to our Chief
Compliance Officer any potential conflict that he or she is
aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any
interested party regarding a proxy vote and (2) employees
involved in the decision-making process or vote administration
are prohibited from revealing how we intend to vote on a
proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from
interested parties.
Our Advisor has engaged a third-party service provider to assist
it in the voting of proxies. This third-party service provider
makes recommendations to our Advisor, based on its guidelines,
as to how our votes should be cast. These recommendations are
then reviewed by our Advisors employees, one of whom must
approve the proxy vote in writing and return such written
approval to the Administrators operations group. If a vote
may involve a material conflict of interest, prior to approving
such vote, our Advisor must consult with its chief compliance
officer to determine whether the potential conflict is material
and if so, the appropriate method to resolve such conflict. If
the conflict is determined not to be material, our
Advisors employees shall vote the proxy in accordance with
our Advisors proxy voting policy.
Proxy
voting records
You may obtain information about how we voted proxies by making
a written request for proxy voting information to:
Chief Compliance Officer
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation
76 Batterson Park Road
Farmington, Connecticut 06032
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Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes a wide variety of
regulatory requirements on publicly held companies and their
insiders. Many of these requirements affect us. For example:
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pursuant to
Rule 13a-14
under the Exchange Act, our principal executive officer and
principal financial officer must certify the accuracy of the
financial statements contained in our periodic reports;
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pursuant to Item 307 under
Regulation S-K,
our periodic reports must disclose our conclusions about the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures;
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pursuant to
Rule 13a-15
under the Exchange Act, our management must prepare an annual
report regarding its assessment of our internal control over
financial reporting, which must be audited by our independent
registered public accounting firm; and
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pursuant to Item 308 of
Regulation S-K
and
Rule 13a-15
under the Exchange Act, our periodic reports must disclose
whether there were significant changes in our internal controls
over financial reporting or in other factors that could
significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of
their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard
to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to review our current
policies and procedures to determine whether we comply with the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated under the
act. We will continue to monitor our compliance with all
regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and
will take actions necessary to ensure that we are in compliance
therewith.
Small
Business Investment Company Regulations
On July 14, 2009, our Advisor received a Move Forward
Letter from the Investment Division of the SBA. We expect to
file an application to have a to-be-formed wholly owned
subsidiary be licensed by the SBA as an SBIC under
Section 301(c) of the Small Business Investment Act of
1958. Although we cannot assure you that we will receive SBA
approval, we remain cautiously optimistic that our Advisor will
successfully complete the licensing process. To the extent our
Advisor receives an SBIC license, we will form an SBIC
subsidiary which will be allowed to issue SBA-guaranteed
debentures, subject to the required capitalization of the SBIC
subsidiary.
SBICs are designed to stimulate the flow of private equity
capital to eligible small businesses. Under SBA regulations,
SBICs may make loans to eligible small businesses, invest in the
equity securities of such businesses and provide them with
consulting and advisory services. Under present SBA regulations,
eligible small businesses generally include businesses that
(together with their affiliates) have a tangible net worth not
exceeding $18 million and have average annual net income
after U.S. federal income taxes not exceeding
$6 million (average net income to be computed without
benefit of any carryover loss) for the two most recent fiscal
years. In addition, an SBIC must devote 20% of its investment
activity to smaller concerns as defined by the SBA.
A smaller concern generally includes businesses that have a
tangible net worth not exceeding $6 million and have
average annual net income after U.S. federal income taxes
not exceeding $2 million (average net income to be computed
without benefit of any net carryover loss) for the two most
recent fiscal years. SBA regulations also provide alternative
size standard criteria to determine eligibility for designation
as an eligible small business or smaller concern, which criteria
depend on the primary industry in which the business is engaged
and are based on such factors as the number of employees and
gross revenue. However, once an SBIC has invested in a company,
it may continue to make follow on investments in the company,
regardless of the size of the company at the time of the follow
on investment, up to the time of the companys initial
public offering, if any.
The SBA prohibits an SBIC from providing funds to small
businesses for certain purposes, such as relending or investing
outside the United States, to businesses engaged in a few
prohibited industries and to certain passive (i.e.,
non-operating) companies. In addition, without prior SBA
approval, an SBIC may not invest an amount equal to more than
approximately 30% of the SBICs regulatory capital in any
one company and its affiliates.
The SBA places certain limitations on the financing terms of
investments by SBICs in portfolio companies (such as limiting
the permissible interest rate on debt securities held by an SBIC
in a portfolio company). Although prior regulations prohibited
an SBIC from controlling a small business concern except in
limited circumstances,
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regulations adopted by the SBA in 2002 now allow an SBIC to
exercise control over a small business for a period of up to
seven years from the date on which the SBIC initially acquires
its control position. This control period may be extended for an
additional period of time with the SBAs prior written
approval.
The SBA restricts the ability of an SBIC to lend money to any of
its officers, directors and employees or to invest in affiliates
thereof. The SBA also prohibits, without prior SBA approval, a
change of control of an SBIC or transfers that would
result in any person (or a group of persons acting in concert)
owning 10% or more of a class of capital stock of a licensed
SBIC. A change of control is any event which would
result in the transfer of the power, direct or indirect, to
direct the management and policies of an SBIC, whether through
ownership, contractual arrangements or otherwise. To the extent
that we form an SBIC subsidiary, this would prohibit a change of
control of us without prior SBA approval.
An SBIC (or group of SBICs under common control) may generally
have outstanding debentures guaranteed by the SBA in amounts up
to twice the amount of the privately raised funds of the
SBIC(s). The SBIC regulations currently limit the amount that
the SBIC subsidiary would be permitted to borrow up to a maximum
of $150 million. This means that the SBIC subsidiary could
access the full $150 million maximum available if it were
to have $75 million in regulatory capital. However, we
would not be required to capitalize our SBIC subsidiary with
$75 million and may determine to capitalize it with a
lesser amount. In addition, if we are able to obtain financing
under the SBIC program, the SBIC subsidiary will be subject to
regulation and oversight by the SBA, including requirements with
respect to maintaining certain minimum financial ratios and
other covenants. Debentures guaranteed by the SBA have a
maturity of ten years, require semi-annual payments of interest
and do not require any principal payments prior to maturity.
The recently enacted American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009, or the 2009 Stimulus Bill, contains several provisions
applicable to SBIC funds. One of the key SBIC-related provisions
included in the 2009 Stimulus Bill increased the maximum amount
of combined SBIC leverage, or the SBIC leverage cap, to
$225 million for affiliated SBIC funds. The prior maximum
amount of SBIC leverage available to affiliated SBIC funds was
approximately $137 million, as adjusted annually based upon
changes in the Consumer Price Index. Due to the increase in the
maximum amount of SBIC leverage available to affiliated SBIC
funds, we, through our SBIC subsidiary, would have access to
incremental SBIC leverage to support our future investment
activities.
SBICs must invest idle funds that are not being used to make
loans in investments permitted under SBIC regulations in the
following limited types of securities: (1) direct
obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to principal and
interest by, the U.S. government, which mature within
15 months from the date of the investment;
(2) repurchase agreements with federally insured
institutions with a maturity of seven days or less (and the
securities underlying the repurchase obligations must be direct
obligations of or guaranteed by the federal government);
(3) certificates of deposit with a maturity of one year or
less, issued by a federally insured institution; (4) a
deposit account in a federally insured institution that is
subject to a withdrawal restriction of one year or less;
(5) a checking account in a federally insured institution;
or (6) a reasonable petty cash fund.
SBICs are periodically examined and audited by the SBAs
staff to determine their compliance with SBIC regulations and
are periodically required to file certain forms with the SBA.
Neither the SBA nor the U.S. government or any of its
agencies or officers has approved any ownership interest to be
issued by us or any obligation that we or any of our
subsidiaries may incur.
In connection with the filing of the SBA license application, we
will be applying for exemptive relief from the SEC to permit us
to exclude the debt of the SBIC subsidiary guaranteed by the SBA
from the 200% consolidated asset coverage ratio requirements,
which will enable us to fund more investments with debt capital.
However, there can be no assurance that we will receive the
exemptive relief requested from the SEC.
NASDAQ
Global Market Corporate Governance Regulations
The NASDAQ Global Market has adopted corporate governance
regulations that listed companies must comply with. Upon the
completion of this offering, we intend to be in compliance with
these corporate governance listing standards. We intend to
monitor our compliance with all future listing standards and to
take all necessary actions to ensure that we are in compliance
therewith.
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Privacy
Principles
We are committed to maintaining the privacy of stockholders and
to safeguarding our non-public personal information. The
following information is provided to help you understand what
personal information we collect, how we protect that information
and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select
other parties.
Generally, we do not receive any nonpublic personal information
relating to our stockholders, although certain nonpublic
personal information of our stockholders may become available to
us. We do not disclose any nonpublic personal information about
our stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except as
permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service
stockholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent or third
party administrator).
We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about our
stockholders to our Advisors employees with a legitimate
business need for the information. We maintain physical,
electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the
nonpublic personal information of our stockholders.
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BROKERAGE
ALLOCATIONS AND OTHER PRACTICES
Since we will generally acquire and dispose of our investments
in privately negotiated transactions, we will infrequently use
brokers in the normal course of our business. Subject to
policies established by our board of directors, our Advisor will
be primarily responsible for the execution of the publicly
traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the
allocation of brokerage commissions. Our Advisor does not expect
to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer,
but will seek to obtain the best net results for us, taking into
account such factors as price (including the applicable
brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order,
difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the firm
and the firms risk and skill in positioning blocks of
securities. While our Advisor generally will seek reasonably
competitive trade execution costs, we will not necessarily pay
the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable
legal requirements, our Advisor may select a broker based partly
upon brokerage or research services provided to it and us and
any other clients. In return for such services, we may pay a
higher commission than other brokers would charge if our Advisor
determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in
relation to the services provided.
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MATERIAL
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a general summary of the material
U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to us and
to an investment in shares of our common stock. This discussion
is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, which we refer to as the Code, and the
regulations of the U.S. Department of Treasury promulgated
thereunder, which we refer to as the Treasury
regulations, each as in effect as of the date of this
prospectus. These provisions are subject to differing
interpretations and change by legislative or administrative
action, and any change may be retroactive. This discussion does
not constitute a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal
income tax aspects affecting us and our stockholders and does
not purport to deal with the U.S. federal income tax
consequences that may be important to particular stockholders in
light of their individual investment circumstances or to some
types of stockholders subject to special tax rules, such as
financial institutions, broker-dealers, insurance companies,
tax-exempt organizations, partnerships or other pass-through
entities, persons holding our common stock in connection with a
hedging, straddle, conversion or other integrated transaction,
non-U.S. stockholders
(as defined below) engaged in a trade or business in the United
States or persons who have ceased to be U.S. citizens or to
be taxed as resident aliens. This discussion also does not
address any aspects of U.S. estate or gift tax or foreign,
state or local tax. This discussion assumes that our
stockholders hold their shares of our common stock as capital
assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally,
assets held for investment). No ruling has been or will be
sought from the Internal Revenue Service, which we refer to as
the IRS, regarding any matter discussed herein.
For purposes of this discussion:
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a U.S. stockholder means a beneficial owner of
shares of our common stock that is, for U.S. federal income
tax purposes: (1) a person who is a citizen or individual
resident of the United States; (2) a domestic corporation
(or other domestic entity taxable as a corporation for
U.S. federal income tax purposes); (3) an estate whose
income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of
its source; or (4) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is
able to exercise primary supervision over the trusts
administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized
to control all substantial decisions of the trust or
(b) the trust has in effect a valid election to be treated
as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax
purposes; and
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a
non-U.S. stockholder
means a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is
not a U.S. stockholder or a partnership (or an entity or
arrangement treated as a partnership) for U.S. federal
income tax purposes.
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If a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for
U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our shares, the
U.S. tax treatment of the partnership and each partner
generally will depend on the status of the partner, the
activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at
the partner level. A stockholder that is a partnership holding
shares of our common stock, and each partner in such a
partnership, should consult their own tax advisers with respect
to the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our
common stock.
Tax matters are very complicated and the tax consequences to
each stockholder of an investment in our shares will depend on
the facts of its particular situation. Stockholders are urged to
consult their own tax advisers to determine the
U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences to
them of an investment in our shares, including applicable tax
reporting requirements, the applicability of U.S. federal,
state, local and foreign tax laws, eligibility for the benefits
of any applicable tax treaty, and the effect of any possible
changes in the tax laws.
Taxation
of the company
As a business development company, we intend to elect to be
treated, and intend to qualify, as a RIC under Subchapter M of
the Code commencing with our taxable year ending on
December 31, 2010. As a RIC, we generally will not pay
corporate-level federal income taxes on any ordinary income or
capital gains that we timely distribute to our stockholders as
dividends.
To continue to qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things,
(a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of our gross
income from dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest),
payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from
the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign
currencies, other income (including but
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not limited to gain from options, futures or forward contracts)
derived with respect to our business of investing in stock,
securities or currencies, or net income derived from an interest
in a qualified publicly traded partnership (a
QPTP) (the 90% Gross Income Test); and
(b) diversify our holdings so that, at the end of each
quarter of each taxable year (i) at least 50% of the market
value of our total assets is represented by cash and cash items,
U.S. Government securities, the securities of other
regulated investment companies and other securities, with other
securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount
not greater than 5% of the value of our total assets and not
more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such
issuer (subject to the exception described below), and
(ii) not more than 25% of the market value of our total
assets is invested in the securities of any issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities and the securities of other
regulated investment companies), the securities of any two or
more issuers that we control and that are determined to be
engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or
businesses, or the securities of one or more QPTPs (the
Diversification Tests). In the case of a RIC that
furnishes capital to development corporations, there is an
exception relating to the Diversification Tests described above.
This exception is available only to registered investment
companies which the SEC determines to be principally engaged in
the furnishing of capital to other corporations which are
principally engaged in the development or exploitation of
inventions, technological improvements, new processes, or
products not previously generally available, which we refer to
as SEC Certification. We have not sought SEC
Certification, but it is possible that we will seek SEC
Certification in future years. If we receive SEC Certification,
we generally will be entitled to include, in the computation of
the 50% value of our assets (described in (b)(i) above), the
value of any securities of an issuer, whether or not we own more
than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, if
the basis of the securities, when added to our basis of any
other securities of the issuer that we own, does not exceed 5%
of the value of our total assets.
As a RIC, in any fiscal year with respect to which we distribute
an amount equal to at least 90% of the sum of our
(i) investment company taxable income (which includes,
among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net
realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term
capital losses and other taxable income (other than any net
capital gain), reduced by deductible expenses) determined
without regard to the deduction for dividends and distributions
paid and (ii) net tax-exempt interest income (which is the
excess of our gross tax-exempt interest income over certain
disallowed deductions) (the Annual Distribution
Requirement), we (but not our stockholders) generally will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on investment
company taxable income and net capital gains that we distribute
to our stockholders. We intend to distribute annually all or
substantially all of such income. To the extent that we retain
our net capital gains for investment or any investment company
taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income
tax. We may choose to retain our net capital gains for
investment or any investment company taxable income, and pay the
associated federal corporate income tax, including the 4%
U.S. federal excise tax described below.
We will be subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal
excise tax on certain of our undistributed income, unless we
timely distribute (or are deemed to have timely distributed) an
amount equal to the sum of:
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at least 98% of our ordinary income (not taking into account any
capital gains or losses) for the calendar year;
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at least 98% of the amount by which our capital gains exceed our
capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a
one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar
year (unless an election is made by us to use our taxable
year); and
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certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which we
paid no U.S. federal income tax.
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While we intend to distribute any income and capital gains in
order to avoid imposition of this 4% U.S. federal excise
tax, we may not be successful in avoiding entirely the
imposition of this tax. In that case, we will be liable for the
tax only on the amount by which we do not meet the foregoing
distribution requirement.
If we borrow money, we may be prevented by loan covenants from
declaring and paying dividends in certain circumstances. Limits
on our payment of dividends may prevent us from satisfying
distribution requirements, and may, therefore, jeopardize our
qualification for taxation as a RIC, or subject us to the 4%
U.S. federal excise tax.
Although we do not presently expect to do so, we are authorized
to borrow funds and to sell assets in order to satisfy
distribution requirements. However, under the 1940 Act, we are
not permitted to make distributions to our
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stockholders while any senior securities are outstanding unless
we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios. See
Regulation Senior Securities; Derivative
Securities. Moreover, our ability to dispose of assets to
meet our distribution requirements may be limited by
(1) the illiquid nature of our portfolio
and/or
(2) other requirements relating to our status as a RIC,
including the Diversification Tests. If we dispose of assets in
order to meet the Annual Distribution Requirement or to avoid
the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, we may make such
dispositions at times that, from an investment standpoint, are
not advantageous.
A RIC is limited in its ability to deduct expenses in excess of
its investment company taxable income (which is,
generally, ordinary income plus the excess of net short-term
capital gains over net long-term capital losses). If our
expenses in a given year exceed investment company taxable
income, we would experience a net operating loss for that year.
However, a RIC is not permitted to carry forward net operating
losses to subsequent years. In addition, expenses can be used
only to offset investment company taxable income, not net
capital gain. Due to these limits on the deductibility of
expenses, we may for tax purposes have aggregate taxable income
for several years that we are required to distribute and that is
taxable to our stockholders even if such income is greater than
the aggregate net income we actually earned during those years.
Such required distributions may be made from our cash assets or
by liquidation of investments, if necessary. We may realize
gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event we realize
net capital gains from such transactions, you may receive a
larger capital gain distribution than you would have received in
the absence of such transactions.
Failure
to qualify as a RIC
If, in any particular taxable year, we do not satisfy the Annual
Distribution Requirement or otherwise were to fail to qualify as
a RIC (for example, because we fail the 90% Gross Income Test),
all of our taxable income (including our net capital gains) will
be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any
deduction for distributions to stockholders, and distributions
generally will be taxable to the stockholders as ordinary
dividends to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings
and profits. To requalify as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year,
we would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification
requirements for that year and dispose of any earnings and
profits from any year in which we failed to qualify as a RIC.
Subject to a limited exception applicable to RICs that qualified
as such under Subchapter M of the Code for at least one year
prior to disqualification and that requalify as a RIC no later
than the second year following the non-qualifying year, we could
be subject to tax on any unrealized net built-in gains in the
assets held by us during the period in which we failed to
qualify as a RIC that are recognized within the subsequent
10 years, unless we made a special election to pay
corporate-level federal income tax on such built-in gain at the
time of our requalification as a RIC.
We may decide to be taxed as a regular corporation even if we
would otherwise qualify as a RIC if we determine that treatment
as a corporation for a particular year would be in our best
interests.
Company
investments
Certain of our investment practices are subject to special and
complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among
other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the
allowance of certain losses or deductions, including the
dividends received deduction, (ii) convert lower taxed
long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income into
higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income,
(iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital
loss (the deductibility of which is more limited),
(iv) cause us to recognize income or gain without a
corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the
time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is
deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization
of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce
income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the
90% Gross Income Test. We will monitor our transactions and may
make certain tax elections and may be required to borrow money
or dispose of securities to mitigate the effect of these rules
and to prevent disqualification of us as a RIC but there can be
no assurance that we will be successful in this regard.
We may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances
in which we do not receive cash. For example if we hold debt
instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as
having original issue discount (such as debt instruments with
payment-in-kind
interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or
issued with warrants), we must include in taxable income each
year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over
the
113
life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing
such income is received by us in the same taxable year. Since in
certain cases we may recognize taxable income before or without
receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty
meeting the Annual Distribution Requirement.
Accordingly, we may need to sell some of our assets at times
that we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt
or equity capital or forego new investment opportunities or
otherwise take actions that are disadvantageous to our business
(or be unable to take action that are advantageous) in order to
satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement. If we are unable to
obtain cash from other sources to satisfy the Annual
Distribution Requirement, we may fail to qualify for the federal
income tax benefits allowable to RICs and, thus, become subject
to a corporate-level federal income tax on all our income.
Warrants. Gain or loss realized by us from the
sale or exchange of warrants acquired by us as well as any loss
attributable to the lapse of such warrants generally will be
treated as capital gain or loss. The treatment of such gain or
loss as long-term or short-term will depend on how long we held
a particular warrant. Upon the exercise of a warrant acquired by
us, our tax basis in the stock purchased under the warrant will
equal the sum of the amount paid for the warrant plus the strike
price paid on the exercise of the warrant.
Foreign Investments. In the event we invest in
foreign securities, we may be subject to withholding and other
foreign taxes with respect to those securities. We do not expect
to satisfy the requirement to pass through to our stockholders
their share of the foreign taxes paid by us.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. We may
invest in the stock of a foreign corporation which is classified
as a passive foreign investment company (within the
meaning of Section 1297 of the Code) (PFIC). In
general, if a special tax election has not been made, we will be
required to pay tax at ordinary income rates on any gains and
excess distributions with respect to PFIC stock as
if such items had been realized ratably over the period during
which we held the PFIC stock, plus an interest charge. Any
adverse tax consequences of a PFIC investment may be limited if
we are eligible to elect alternative tax treatment with respect
to such investment. No assurances can be given that any such
election will be available or that, if available, we will make
such an election.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Under the Code,
gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates
which occur between the time we accrue income or other
receivables or accrue expenses or other liabilities denominated
in a foreign currency and the time we actually collect such
receivables or pay such liabilities generally are treated as
ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt
instruments and certain other instruments denominated in a
foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations
in the value of the foreign currency between the date of
acquisition of the instrument and the date of disposition also
are treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses,
referred to under the Code as section 988 gains
or losses, may increase or decrease the amount of our investment
company taxable income to be distributed to our shareholders as
ordinary income.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that we will qualify as
a RIC for each taxable year.
Taxation
of U.S. stockholders
The following discussion only applies to U.S. stockholders.
Prospective investors that are not U.S. stockholders
should refer to Taxation of
non-U.S. stockholders
below and are urged to consult their own tax advisers with
respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an
investment in our shares, including the potential application of
U.S. federal withholding taxes.
Actual and Deemed Distributions. Distributions
we pay to you from our ordinary income or from an excess of net
realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term
capital losses (together referred to hereinafter as
ordinary income dividends) are generally taxable to
you as ordinary income to the extent of our earnings and
profits. Due to our expected investments, in general,
distributions will not be eligible for the dividends received
deduction allowed to corporate U.S. stockholders and will
not qualify for the reduced rates of tax for qualified dividend
income allowed to individuals. Distributions made to you from an
excess of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized
short-term capital losses, which we refer to as capital
gain dividends, including capital gain dividends credited
to you but retained by us, are taxable to you as long-term
capital gains if they have been properly designated by us,
regardless of the length of time you have owned our shares.
Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will first
reduce the adjusted tax basis of your shares and, after the
adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero,
114
will constitute capital gains to you (assuming the shares are
held as a capital asset). The maximum U.S. federal tax rate
on long-term capital gains of individuals is generally 15% (5%
for individuals in lower brackets) for such gains realized in
taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010. For
non-corporate taxpayers, ordinary income dividends will
currently be taxed at a maximum rate of 35%, while capital gain
dividends generally will be taxed at a maximum U.S. federal
income tax rate of 15% for such dividends received in taxable
years beginning on or before December 31, 2010. Without
legislation, for non-corporate taxpayers, the maximum
U.S. federal income tax rate will increase to 20% in 2011.
For corporate taxpayers, both ordinary income dividends and
capital gain dividends are currently taxed at a maximum
U.S. federal income tax rate of 35%.
Generally, you will be provided with a written notice
designating the amount of any (i) ordinary income dividends
no later than 30 days after the close of the taxable year,
and (ii) capital gain dividends or other distributions no
later than 60 days after the close of the taxable year.
In the event that we retain any net capital gains, we may
designate the retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in
a written notice to our stockholders provided no later than
60 days after the close of the taxable year. If a
designation is made, U.S. stockholders would include in
income, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate share of
the undistributed amounts, but would be allowed a credit or
refund, as the case may be, for their proportionate share of the
corporate tax paid by us. In addition, the tax basis of shares
owned by a U.S. stockholder would be increased by an amount
equal to the difference between (i) the amount included in
the U.S. stockholders income as long-term capital
gains and (ii) the U.S. stockholders
proportionate share of the corporate tax paid by us.
For purposes of determining (1) whether the Annual
Distribution Requirement is satisfied for any year and
(2) the amount of capital gain dividends paid for that
year, we may, under certain circumstances, elect to treat a
dividend that is paid during the following taxable year as if it
had been paid during the taxable year in question. If we make
such an election, the U.S. stockholder will still be
treated as receiving the dividend in the taxable year in which
the distribution is made. However, if we pay you a dividend in
January which was declared in the previous October, November or
December to stockholders of record on a specified date in one of
these months, then the dividend will be treated for tax purposes
as being paid by us and received by you on December 31 of the
year in which the dividend was declared.
If an investor purchases shares of our stock shortly before the
record date of a distribution, the price of the shares will
include the value of the distribution and the investor will be
subject to tax on the distribution even though it represents a
return of its investment.
Alternative Minimum Tax. As a RIC, we will be
subject to alternative minimum tax, also referred to as
AMT, but any items that are treated differently for
AMT purposes must be apportioned between us and our
U.S. stockholders and this may affect the
U.S. stockholders AMT liabilities. Although
regulations explaining the precise method of apportionment have
not yet been issued, such items will generally be apportioned in
the same proportion that dividends paid to each
U.S. stockholder bear to our taxable income (determined
without regard to the dividends paid deduction), unless a
different method for particular item is warranted under the
circumstances.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Under the dividend
reinvestment plan, if a U.S. stockholder owns shares of
common stock registered in its own name, the
U.S. stockholder will have all cash distributions
automatically reinvested in additional shares of common stock
unless the U.S. stockholder opts out of our dividend
reinvestment plan by delivering a written notice to our dividend
paying agent prior to the record date of the next dividend or
distribution. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Any
distributions reinvested under the plan will nevertheless remain
taxable to the U.S. stockholder. The U.S. stockholder
will have an adjusted basis in the additional common shares
purchased through the plan equal to the amount of the reinvested
distribution. The additional shares will have a new holding
period commencing on the day following the day on which the
shares are credited to the U.S. stockholders account.
Dispositions. A U.S. stockholder will
recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable
disposition of shares of our common stock in an amount equal to
the difference between the U.S. stockholders adjusted
basis in the shares disposed of and the amount realized on their
disposition. Generally, gain recognized by a
U.S. stockholder on the disposition of shares of our common
stock will result in capital gain or loss to a
U.S. stockholder, and will be a long-term capital gain or
loss if the shares have been held for more than one year at
115
the time of sale. Any loss recognized by a U.S. stockholder
upon the disposition of shares of our common stock held for six
months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to
the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including
amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by
the U.S. stockholder. A loss recognized by a
U.S. stockholder on a disposition of shares of our common
stock will be disallowed as a deduction if the
U.S. stockholder acquires additional shares of our common
stock (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends
or otherwise) within a
61-day
period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days
after the date that the shares are disposed of. In this case,
the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the
disallowed loss. Present U.S. law taxes both long-term and
short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable
to ordinary income. Non-corporate U.S. stockholders with
net capital losses for a year (i.e., capital losses in excess of
capital gains) generally may deduct up to $3,000 of such losses
against their ordinary income each year; any net capital losses
of a non-corporate U.S. stockholder in excess of $3,000
generally may be carried forward and used in subsequent years as
provided in the Code. Corporate U.S. stockholders generally
may not deduct any net capital losses for a year, but may carry
back such losses for three years or carry forward such losses
for five years.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under
applicable Treasury regulations, if a U.S. stockholder
recognizes a loss with respect to shares of $2 million or
more for a non-corporate U.S. stockholder or
$10 million or more for a corporate U.S. stockholder
in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination
of years), the U.S. stockholder must file with the IRS a
disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct
U.S. stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases
excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current
guidance, U.S. stockholders of a RIC are not excepted.
Future guidance may extend the current exception from this
reporting requirement to U.S. stockholders of most or all
RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations
does not affect the legal determination of whether the
taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper.
U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers to
determine the applicability of these regulations in light of
their individual circumstances.
Backup Withholding. We are required in certain
circumstances to backup withhold on taxable dividends or
distributions paid to non-corporate U.S. stockholders who
do not furnish us with their correct taxpayer identification
number (in the case of individuals, their social security
number) and certain certifications, or who are otherwise subject
to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional
tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be
refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax
liability, if any, provided that the required information is
timely furnished to the IRS.
U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers
with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding
tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an
investment in shares of our common stock. Additionally, U.S.
stockholders should be aware of recently enacted legislation
that generally imposes, effective for payments made after
December 31, 2012, a 30% federal withholding tax on
dividends and proceeds from the sale of our common stock held by
or through foreign entities, as described below in
Recently Enacted Legislation Affecting Taxation of Our
Common Stock Held By or Through Foreign Entities.
Taxation
of non-U.S.
stockholders
The following discussion only applies to
non-U.S. stockholders.
Whether an investment in shares of our common stock is
appropriate for a
non-U.S. stockholder
will depend upon that persons particular circumstances. An
investment in shares of our common stock by a
non-U.S. stockholder
may have adverse tax consequences.
Non-U.S. stockholders
should consult their own tax advisers before investing in shares
of our common stock.
Actual and Deemed Distributions;
Dispositions. Distributions of ordinary income
dividends to
non-U.S. stockholders,
subject to the discussion below, will generally be subject to
withholding of U.S. federal tax at a 30% rate (or lower
rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our
current or accumulated earnings and profits even if they are
funded by income or gains (such as portfolio interest,
short-term capital gains, or foreign-source dividend and
interest income) that, if paid to a
non-U.S. stockholder
directly, would not be subject to withholding. Different tax
consequences may result if the
non-U.S. stockholder
is engaged in a trade or business in the United States or, in
the case of an individual, is present in the United States for
183 days or more during a taxable year and certain other
conditions are satisfied. Special certification requirements
apply to a
non-U.S. stockholder
that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such
entities are urged to consult their own tax advisers.
116
However, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010
(and for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 if
the pending legislation discussed below in
Proposed Legislation is enacted),
certain interest-related dividends and
short-term capital gain dividends paid by us to
certain
non-U.S. stockholders
are eligible for an exemption from the 30% federal withholding
tax provided that certain requirements are satisfied and that we
elect to follow certain procedures. It is uncertain whether we
will follow those procedures. Interest-related dividends
generally are dividends derived from certain interest income
earned by us that would not be subject to such tax if earned by
non-U.S. stockholders
directly. Short-term capital gain dividends generally are
dividends derived from the excess of our net short-term capital
gains over net long-term capital losses. No assurance can be
given as to whether this exemption will be extended for tax
years beginning on or after January 1, 2010 or whether any
of our distributions will be designated as eligible for this
exemption from withholding tax.
Actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains to a
non-U.S. stockholder,
and gains recognized by a
non-U.S. stockholder
upon the sale of our common stock, generally will not be subject
to federal withholding tax and will not be subject to federal
income tax unless (i) the distributions or gains, as the
case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or
business of the
non-U.S. stockholder
and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are
attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the
non-U.S. stockholder
in the United States or (ii) in the case of an individual,
the
non-U.S. stockholder
is present in the United States for 183 days or more during
a taxable year and certain other conditions are satisfied.
If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed
rather than actual distributions (which we may do in the
future), a
non-U.S. stockholder
will be entitled to a federal income tax credit or tax refund
equal to the stockholders allocable share of the tax we
pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In
order to obtain the refund, the
non-U.S. stockholder
must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file
a federal income tax return even if the
non-U.S. stockholder
is not otherwise required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer
identification number or file a federal income tax return.
For a corporate
non-U.S. stockholder,
distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon
the sale of our common stock that are effectively connected with
a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances,
be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a
30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable
tax treaty). Accordingly, investment in shares of our common
stock may not be appropriate for certain
non-U.S. stockholders.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Under our dividend
reinvestment plan, if a
non-U.S. stockholder
owns shares of common stock registered in its own name, the
non-U.S. stockholder
will have all cash distributions automatically reinvested in
additional shares of common stock unless it opts out of our
dividend reinvestment plan by delivering a written notice to our
dividend paying agent prior to the record date of the next
dividend or distribution. See Dividend Reinvestment
Plan. If the distribution is a distribution of our
investment company taxable income, is not designated by us as a
short-term capital gains dividend or interest-related dividend
and it is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or
business of the
non-U.S. stockholder
(or, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is not
attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the
non-U.S. stockholder),
the amount distributed (to the extent of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits) will be subject to withholding
of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate
provided by an applicable treaty) and only the net after-tax
amount will be reinvested in common shares. If the distribution
is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of
the
non-U.S. stockholder,
generally the full amount of the distribution will be reinvested
in the plan and will nevertheless be subject to
U.S. federal income tax at the ordinary income rates
applicable to U.S. persons. The
non-U.S. stockholder
will have an adjusted basis in the additional common shares
purchased through the plan equal to the amount reinvested. The
additional shares will have a new holding period commencing on
the day following the day on which the shares are credited to
the
non-U.S. stockholders
account.
Backup Withholding. A
non-U.S. stockholder
who is a non-resident alien individual, and who is otherwise
subject to withholding of federal income tax, may be subject to
information reporting and backup withholding of federal income
tax on taxable dividends or distributions unless the
non-U.S. stockholder
provides us or the dividend paying agent with an IRS
Form W-8BEN
(or an acceptable substitute form) or otherwise meets
documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a
non-U.S. stockholder
or otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld from payments made to
117
you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal
income tax liability, if any, provided that the required
information is furnished to the IRS.
Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax advisers
with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax,
and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment
in our shares. Additionally,
non-U.S.
stockholders should be aware of recently enacted legislation
that generally imposes, effective for payments made after
December 31, 2012, a 30% federal withholding tax on
dividends and proceeds from the sale of our common stock held by
or through foreign entities, as described below in
Recently Enacted Legislation Affecting Taxation of Our
Common Stock Held By or Through Foreign Entities.
Recently
Enacted Legislation Affecting Taxation of Our Common Stock Held
By or Through Foreign Entities
President Obama recently signed into law H.R. 2847 (the
Recently Enacted Legislation), which will generally
impose a federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends and the
gross proceeds of a disposition of our common stock paid after
December 31, 2012 to a foreign financial institution unless
such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S.
government to withhold on certain payments and to collect and
provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information
regarding U.S. account holders of such institution (which
includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as
well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with
U.S. owners). The Recently Enacted Legislation will also
generally impose a federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends
and the gross proceeds of a disposition of our common stock paid
after December 31, 2012 to a
non-financial
foreign entity unless such entity provides the withholding agent
with a certification identifying the direct and indirect U.S.
owners of the entity. Under certain circumstances, a
non-U.S.
stockholder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such
taxes. Stockholders are encouraged to consult with their own tax
advisors regarding the possible implications of the Recently
Enacted Legislation on their investment in our common stock.
Proposed
Legislation
Legislation proposed in Congress would levy an excise tax on
certain securities transactions, including transactions in
stocks, futures, swaps, credit default swaps and options. If
enacted, transactions by us could be subject to this excise tax.
This tax is not proposed to apply to the purchase or sale of an
interest in a RIC. Other legislation proposed in Congress would
permit a temporary exemption from the 30% federal withholding
tax for interest-related dividends and
short-term capital gain dividends paid by us to
non-U.S. stockholders.
Proposed legislation may not become law and, if it does, may not
become law in its current form. Even if the proposed legislation
is enacted, it is unclear what the actual effective date of any
such legislation would be.
118
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the
underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated
and
are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to
purchase, and we and the selling stockholder have agreed to sell
to them, severally, the number of shares of common stock
indicated below:
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Number
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Name
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of Shares
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Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
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Total
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The underwriters and the representatives are collectively
referred to as the underwriters and the
representatives, respectively. The underwriters are
offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance
of the shares from us and the selling stockholder and subject to
prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the
obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept
delivery of the shares of our common stock offered by this
prospectus are subject to the approval of legal matters by their
counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are
obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock
offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken.
However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for
the shares covered by the underwriters over-allotment
option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares
of common stock directly to the public at the public offering
price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to
certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in
excess of $ a share under the
public offering price. Any underwriter may allow, and such
dealers may reallow, a concession not in excess of
$ a share to other underwriters or
to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares of
common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may
from time to time be varied by the representatives.
The underwriters have been granted an option, exercisable for
30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to
an aggregate of additional
shares of our common stock at the public offering price listed
on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting
discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this
option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if
any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of our
common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the
option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated,
subject to limited conditions, to purchase approximately the
same percentage of the additional shares of our common stock as
the number listed next to the underwriters name in the
preceding table bears to the total number of shares of our
common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the
preceding table.
The following table shows the public offering price,
underwriting discount and proceeds before expenses to us and the
selling stockholder. The information assumes either no exercise
or full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment
option.
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Per Share
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Without Option
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With Option
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Public offering price
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$
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$
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$
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Sales load (underwriting discount and commissions)
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Proceeds, before expenses, to Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation
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|
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Proceeds, before expenses, to selling stockholder
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, excluding
sales load (underwriting discounts and commissions), will be
approximately $ .
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales
to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total
number of shares of our common stock offered by them.
119
We intend to apply to have our common stock approved for listing
on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol HRZN.
Each of us, our directors, executive officers and our other
existing stockholder has agreed that, without the prior written
consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf
of the underwriters, each of us will not, during the period
ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus:
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|
|
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or
otherwise transfer or dispose of directly or indirectly, any
shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock; or
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|
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enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of the common stock,
|
whether any transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or
otherwise.
The restrictions described in the preceding paragraph do not
apply to:
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|
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|
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the sale of shares to the underwriters;
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|
|
|
the issuance by us of shares of common stock upon the exercise
of an option or a warrant or the conversion of a security
outstanding on the date of this prospectus of which the
underwriters have been advised in writing; or
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transactions by any person other than us relating to shares of
common stock or other securities acquired in open market
transactions after the completion of the offering of the shares.
|
The 180-day
restricted period described above is subject to extension such
that, in the event that either (a) during the last
17 days of the
180-day
restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news
or a material event relating to us occurs or (b) prior to
the expiration of the
180-day
restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings
results during the
16-day
period beginning on the last day of the
180-day
period, the
lock-up
restrictions described above will continue to apply until the
expiration of the
18-day
period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event. The release
of any securities subject to these
lock-up
agreements is considered on a
case-by-case
basis. Factors that would be considered by Morgan
Stanley & Co. Incorporated in determining whether to
release securities subject to these
lock-up
agreements may include the length of time before the
lock-up
agreement expires, the number of shares or other securities
involved, the reason for a requested release, market conditions
at the time of the requested release, the trading price of our
common shares, historical trading volumes of our common shares
and whether the person seeking the release is an officer,
director or affiliate of ours.
In order to facilitate the offering of our common stock, the
underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain
or otherwise affect the price of our common stock. Specifically,
the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to
purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short
position in. our common stock for their own account. A short
sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the
number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters
under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out
a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or
purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source
of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters
will consider, among other things, the open market price of
shares compared to the price available under the over-allotment
option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the
over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The
underwriters must close out any naked short position by
purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is
more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that
there may be downward pressure on the price of our common stock
in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect
investors who purchase in the offering. In addition, in order to
cover any over-allotments or to stabilize the price of our
common stock, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares
of our common stock in the open market. Finally, the
underwriting syndicate may also reclaim selling concessions
allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing our
common stock in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases
previously distributed shares of our common stock to cover
syndicate short positions or to stabilize the
120
price of the common stock. Any of these activities may stabilize
or maintain the market price of our common stock above
independent market levels. The underwriters are not required to
engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities
at any time.
We and our Advisor and the selling stockholder have agreed to
indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute
to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect
of those liabilities.
The underwriters and their affiliates have provided in the past
to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and may provide from
time to time in the future in the ordinary course of their
business certain commercial banking, financial advisory,
investment banking and other services to Horizon Technology
Finance Corporation and its affiliates and managed funds and
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation or our portfolio
companies for which they have received or will be entitled to
receive separate fees. In particular, the underwriters or their
affiliates may execute transactions with Horizon Technology
Finance Corporation or on behalf of Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation, or any of our portfolio companies, affiliates
and/or
managed funds. In addition, the underwriters or their affiliates
may act as arrangers, underwriters or placement agents for
companies whose securities are sold to or whose loans are
syndicated to Horizon Technology Finance Corporation and its
affiliates and managed funds.
The principal business address of Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated is 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. The
principal business address
of
is .
European
Economic Area
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area
which has implemented the Prospectus Directive, each underwriter
has represented and agreed that with effect from and including
the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in
that Member State it has not made and will not make an offer of
our shares to the public in that Member State, except that it
may, with effect from and including such date, make an offer of
our shares to the public in that Member State:
a. at any time to legal entities which are authorized or
regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so
authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to
invest in securities;
b. at any time to any legal entity which has two or more of
(1) an average of at least 250 employees during the
last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than
43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more
than 50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or
consolidated accounts; or
c. at any time in any other circumstances which do not
require the publication by us of a prospectus pursuant to
Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
For the purposes of the above, the expression an offer of
our shares to the public in relation to any shares in any
Member State means the communication in any form and by any
means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and
the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide
to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied
in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus
Directive in that Member State and the expression Prospectus
Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant
implementing measure in that Member State.
United
Kingdom
Each underwriter has represented and agreed that it has only
communicated or caused to be communicated and will only
communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or
inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning
of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act
2000) in connection with the issue or sale of the shares in
circumstances in which Section 21(1) of such Act does not
apply to us and it has complied and will comply with all
applicable provisions of such Act with respect to anything done
by it in relation to any shares in, from or otherwise involving
the United Kingdom.
121
Pricing
of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the
shares of our common stock. The initial public offering price
will be determined by negotiations between us and the
representatives of the underwriters. Among the factors to be
considered in determining the initial public offering price will
be our future prospects and our industry in general, sales,
earnings and certain other financial and operating information
in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, market prices
of securities and financial and operating information of
companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
122
CUSTODIAN,
TRANSFER AGENT, DIVIDEND PAYING AGENT AND REGISTRAR
, which we refer to as our
Custodian, will provide administrative and
accounting services to us under a sub-administration and
accounting services agreement. Our securities are held by the
Custodian pursuant to a custodian services agreement. The
Custodian will also act as our transfer agent, dividend paying
agent and registrar pursuant to a transfer agency agreement and
will provide compliance support services to us pursuant to a
compliance support services agreement. For the services provided
to us by the Custodian and its affiliates, the Custodian will be
entitled to an annual fee equal to a percentage of our average
net assets plus reimbursement of reasonable expenses, and a base
fee, payable monthly. The principal business address of the
Custodian is .
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the common shares will
be passed upon for us by Squire, Sanders & Dempsey
L.L.P., and for the underwriters by Fried, Frank, Harris,
Shriver & Jacobson LLP, New York, New York.
INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The consolidated financial statements of Compass Horizon Funding
Company LLC appearing in this prospectus and registration
statement have been audited by McGladrey & Pullen,
LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm located at
One Church St., New Haven, CT 06510, as stated in their report
appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon
such report and upon the authority of such firm as experts in
accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU
CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement with the SEC on
Form N-2,
together with all amendments and related exhibits, under the
Securities Act relating to the shares of common stock we are
offering pursuant to this prospectus. This prospectus does not
contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement, including any exhibits and schedules it may contain.
For further information concerning us or the shares we are
offering, please refer to the registration statement. Statements
contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract
or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and
in each instance reference is made to the copy of any contract
or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement. Each statement is qualified in all respects by this
reference.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will file with or
submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current periodic
reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the
informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. You may inspect and copy these reports, proxy statements
and other information, as well as the registration statement of
which this prospectus forms a part and the related exhibits and
schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at
100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You
may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference
Room by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330.
Copies of these reports, proxy and information statements and
other information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating
fee, by electronic request at the following
e-mail
address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs
Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
This information will also be available free of charge by
contacting us at 76 Batterson Park Road, Farmington,
Connecticut 06032, by telephone at
(800) 676-8654,
or on our website that we expect to establish upon completion of
this offering. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet
website that contains reports, proxy and information statements
and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov.
123
INDEX TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Page
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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F-2
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F-3
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F-4
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F-5
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F-6
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F-7
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F-1
REPORT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Members
Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC and Subsidiary
Farmington, Connecticut
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC and Subsidiary (the
Company) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and
the related consolidated statements of operations, members
equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2009
and the period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to
December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC and Subsidiary
as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008
(inception) to December 31, 2008, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
/s/ McGladrey & Pullen, LLP
New Haven, Connecticut
March 19, 2010
F-2
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
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|
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December 31,
|
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|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
20,024,408
|
|
Loans receivable (Note 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Venture loans (net of unearned income of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 $1,134,146 and 2008 $773,125)
|
|
|
107,755,693
|
|
|
|
77,724,006
|
|
Revolving loans (net of unearned income of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 $17,323 and 2008 $120,541)
|
|
|
3,664,546
|
|
|
|
15,405,685
|
|
Allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(1,924,034
|
)
|
|
|
(1,649,653
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans receivable, net
|
|
|
109,496,205
|
|
|
|
91,480,038
|
|
Warrants (Note 7)
|
|
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
|
693,644
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
1,451,963
|
|
|
|
502,915
|
|
Debt issuance costs (net of accumulated amortization of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 $2,129,889 and 2008 $953,331)
|
|
|
1,355,386
|
|
|
|
2,478,667
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
214,731
|
|
|
|
35,216
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS
|
|
$
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
$
|
115,214,888
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS CAPITAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings (Note 4)
|
|
$
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
$
|
63,673,016
|
|
Interest rate swap liability (Note 8)
|
|
|
767,877
|
|
|
|
1,162,563
|
|
Accrued management fees
|
|
|
181,561
|
|
|
|
159,594
|
|
Other accrued expenses
|
|
|
259,494
|
|
|
|
434,907
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES
|
|
|
65,375,344
|
|
|
|
65,430,080
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 5 and 6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MEMBERS CAPITAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members capital (Note 9)
|
|
|
60,260,546
|
|
|
|
50,947,371
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss Unrealized loss on
interest rate swaps
|
|
|
(767,877
|
)
|
|
|
(1,162,563
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL MEMBERS CAPITAL
|
|
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
|
49,784,808
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS CAPITAL
|
|
$
|
124,868,013
|
|
|
$
|
115,214,888
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-3
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Consolidated
Statements of Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
(Inception) through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
INCOME
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income on loans
|
|
$
|
14,987,322
|
|
|
$
|
6,530,464
|
|
Other interest income
|
|
|
67,282
|
|
|
|
358,820
|
|
Net realized gains on warrants (Note 7)
|
|
|
137,696
|
|
|
|
21,571
|
|
Net unrealized gain (loss) on warrants (Note 7)
|
|
|
892,130
|
|
|
|
(72,641
|
)
|
Other income
|
|
|
271,704
|
|
|
|
131,768
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income
|
|
|
16,356,134
|
|
|
|
6,969,982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses (Note 3)
|
|
|
(274,381
|
)
|
|
|
(1,649,653
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after provision for loan losses
|
|
|
16,081,753
|
|
|
|
5,320,329
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fee expense
|
|
|
2,202,268
|
|
|
|
1,073,083
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
4,244,804
|
|
|
|
2,747,540
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
131,234
|
|
|
|
61,008
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
190,272
|
|
|
|
150,184
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,768,578
|
|
|
|
4,031,815
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME
|
|
$
|
9,313,175
|
|
|
$
|
1,288,514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-4
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Consolidated
Statements of Members Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Balance at March 4, 2008
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
1,288,514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,288,514
|
|
Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps (Note 8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,162,563
|
)
|
|
|
(1,162,563
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125,951
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contribution (net of direct costs of $341,143)
|
|
|
49,658,857
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,658,857
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
50,947,371
|
|
|
$
|
(1,162,563
|
)
|
|
$
|
49,784,808
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
9,313,175
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,313,175
|
|
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps (Note 8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
394,686
|
|
|
|
394,686
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,707,861
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2009
|
|
$
|
60,260,546
|
|
|
$
|
(767,877
|
)
|
|
$
|
59,492,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-5
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Inception)
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
9,313,175
|
|
|
$
|
1,288,514
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
1,649,653
|
|
Amortization of debt issuance costs
|
|
|
1,123,281
|
|
|
|
953,331
|
|
Net realized gain on settlement of warrants during the period
|
|
|
(137,696
|
)
|
|
|
(21,571
|
)
|
Net unrealized (appreciation) depreciation of warrants during
the period
|
|
|
(892,130
|
)
|
|
|
72,641
|
|
Changes in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
(949,048
|
)
|
|
|
(502,915
|
)
|
(Decrease) increase in unearned loan income
|
|
|
(617,893
|
)
|
|
|
117,455
|
|
Decrease (increase) in other assets
|
|
|
18,754
|
|
|
|
(35,216
|
)
|
(Decrease) increase in other accrued expenses
|
|
|
(175,413
|
)
|
|
|
434,907
|
|
Increase in accrued management fees
|
|
|
21,967
|
|
|
|
159,594
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
7,979,378
|
|
|
|
4,116,393
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans funded
|
|
|
(49,936,243
|
)
|
|
|
(112,177,596
|
)
|
Principal repayments on loans
|
|
|
31,189,623
|
|
|
|
18,154,236
|
|
Proceeds from settlement of warrants
|
|
|
141,486
|
|
|
|
31,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(18,605,134
|
)
|
|
|
(93,991,860
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contributions, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,658,857
|
|
Net increase in revolving borrowings
|
|
|
493,396
|
|
|
|
63,673,016
|
|
Debt issuance costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,431,998
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
493,396
|
|
|
|
109,899,875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(10,132,360
|
)
|
|
|
20,024,408
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of period
|
|
|
20,024,408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of period
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
20,024,408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
4,244,804
|
|
|
$
|
2,747,540
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrants received & recorded as unearned loan income
|
|
$
|
875,696
|
|
|
$
|
776,215
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock received in settlement of loan
|
|
$
|
198,269
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Decrease) increase in interest rate swap liability
|
|
$
|
(394,686
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,162,563
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-6
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements
Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC (CHF) was formed
as a Delaware limited liability company on January 23, 2008
by and between Compass Horizon Partners, LP, an exempted limited
partnership registered in Bermuda (Compass) and
HTF-CHF Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
(Horizon). Compass is the only Class A Member,
Horizon is the only Class B Member and there are no other
members of any type. CHF was formed to acquire and manage loans
to, and warrants from, venture capital backed technology
companies in the life sciences and information technology
industries. The Company makes loans to companies in these
industries which are at a range of life cycle stages including
early stage, expansion stage and later stage.
Horizon Credit I LLC (Credit I) was formed as a
Delaware limited liability company on January 23, 2008,
with CHF as the sole equity member. Credit I is a special
purpose bankruptcy remote entity and is reported herein as a
wholly owned subsidiary of CHF.
CHF and Credit I are collectively referred to herein as the
Company which commenced operations on March 4,
2008. CHF sells certain portfolio transactions to Credit I
(Purchased Assets). Credit I is a separate legal
entity from CHF and the Purchased Assets have been conveyed to
Credit I and are not available for creditors of CHF or any other
entity other than its lenders.
|
|
Note 2.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Basis
of Financial Statement Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America. In preparing the consolidated
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, management is required to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and
liabilities, as of the date of the balance sheet and income and
expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible
to significant change in the near term relate to the
determination of the allowance for loan losses, and the
valuation of warrants and interest rate swaps.
On July 1, 2009, the Accounting Standards Codification
(ASC) became the Financial Accounting Standards
Boards (FASB) single source of authoritative
U.S. accounting and reporting standards applicable to all
public and non-public non-governmental entities, superseding
existing authoritative principles and related literature. The
adoption of the ASC changed the applicable citations and naming
conventions used when referencing generally accepted accounting
principles in the Companys financial statements.
Principles
of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of CHF and Credit I. All inter-company accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents as presented in the consolidated
balance sheets and the consolidated statements of cash flows
includes bank checking accounts and money market funds with an
original maturity of less than 90 days.
Loans
Loans receivable are stated at current unpaid principal balances
adjusted for the allowance for loan losses, unearned income and
any unamortized deferred fees or costs. The Company has the
ability and intent to hold its loans for the foreseeable future
or until maturity or payoff.
F-7
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Interest on loans is accrued and included in income based on
contractual rates applied to principal amounts outstanding.
Interest income on loans is determined using a method that
results in a level rate of return on principal amounts
outstanding. When a loan becomes 90 days or more past due,
or if the Company otherwise does not expect to receive interest
and principal repayments, the loan is placed on non-accrual
status and the recognition of interest income is discontinued.
Interest payments received on loans that are on non-accrual
status are treated as reductions of principal until the
principal is repaid. No loans were on non-accrual status as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008.
The Company receives a variety of fees from borrowers in the
ordinary course of conducting its business, including advisory
fees, commitment fees, amendment fees, non-utilization fees and
prepayment fees (collectively, the Fees). In a
limited number of cases, the Company may also receive a
non-refundable deposit earned upon the termination of a
transaction. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct
origination costs, are deferred, and along with unearned income,
are amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective
term of the loan. Fees for counterparty loan commitments with
multiple loans are allocated to each loan based upon each
loans relative fair value. When a loan is placed on
non-accrual, the amortization of the related Fee and unearned
income is discontinued until the loan is returned to accrual
status.
Certain loan agreements also require the borrower to make an
end-of-term payment that is accrued into income over the life of
the loan to the extent such amounts are expected to be
collected. The Company will generally cease accruing the income
if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or the
Company does not expect the borrower to be able to pay all
principal and interest due.
Allowance
for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents managements
estimate of probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio
as of the balance sheet date. The estimation of the allowance is
based on a variety of factors, including past loan loss
experience, the current credit profile of the Companys
borrowers, adverse situations that have occurred that may affect
individual borrowers ability to repay, the estimated value
of underlying collateral and general economic conditions. The
loan portfolio is comprised of large balance loans that are
evaluated individually for impairment and are risk-rated based
upon a borrowers individual situation, current economic
conditions, collateral and industry-specific information that
management believes is relevant in determining the potential
occurrence of a loss event and in measuring impairment. The
allowance for loan losses is sensitive to the risk rating
assigned to each of the loans and to corresponding qualitative
loss factors that the Company uses to estimate the allowance.
These factors are applied to the outstanding loan balances in
estimating the allowance for loan losses. If necessary, based on
performance factors related to specific loans, an additional
specific allowance for loan losses is established for individual
impaired loans. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are
charged to current period earnings through the provision for
loan losses. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged
against the allowance for loan losses, while amounts recovered
on previously charged-off loans increase the allowance for loan
losses.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information
and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to
collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due
according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
Factors considered by management in determining impairment
include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of
collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.
Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment
shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management
determines the significance of payment delays and payment
shortfalls on a
case-by-case
basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances
surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of
the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrowers prior
payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to
the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a
loan by loan basis by either the present value of expected
future cash flows discounted at the loans effective
interest rate, the loans observable market price, or the
fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral
dependent.
Impaired loans also include loans modified in troubled debt
restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers
experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could
include a reduction in the interest
F-8
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal,
forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection.
There have been no troubled debt restructurings during 2009 and
2008.
Warrants
In connection with substantially all lending arrangements, the
Company receives warrants to purchase shares of stock from the
borrower. Because the warrant agreements contain net exercise or
cashless exercise provisions, the warrants qualify
as derivative instruments. The warrants are recorded as assets
at estimated fair value on the grant date using the
Black-Scholes valuation model. The warrants are considered loan
fees and are also recorded as unearned loan income on the grant
date. The unearned income is recognized as interest income over
the contractual life of the related loan in accordance with the
Companys income recognition policy. As all the warrants
held are deemed to be derivatives, they are periodically
measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model.
Any adjustment to fair value is recorded through earnings as net
unrealized gain or loss on warrants. Gains from the disposition
of the warrants or stock acquired from the exercise of warrants,
are recognized as realized gains on warrants.
The Company values the warrant assets incorporating the
following material assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying asset value of the issuer is estimated based on
information available, including any information regarding the
most recent rounds of borrower funding.
|
|
|
|
Volatility, or the amount of uncertainty or risk about the size
of the changes in the warrant price, is based on guideline
publicly traded companies within indices similar in nature to
the underlying company issuing the warrant. A total of seven
such indices were used. The weighted average volatility
assumptions used for the warrant valuation at December 31,
2009 and 2008 were 29% and 25%, respectively.
|
|
|
|
The risk-free interest rates are derived from the
U.S. Treasury yield curve. The risk-free interest rates are
calculated based on a weighted average of the risk-free interest
rates that correspond closest to the expected remaining life of
the warrant.
|
|
|
|
Other adjustments, including a marketability discount, are
estimated based on managements judgment about the general
industry environment.
|
Debt
Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are fees and other direct incremental costs
incurred by the Company in obtaining debt financing from its
lender and are recognized as assets and are amortized as
interest expense over the term of the related Credit Facility.
The Company paid total debt issuance costs of $3,431,998 during
the period ended December 31, 2008. The unamortized balance
of debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 was
$1,355,386 and $2,478,667, respectively, and the amortization
expense relating to debt issuance costs during the year ended
December 31, 2009 and period ended December 31, 2008
was $1,123,281 and $953,331, respectively.
Income
Taxes
The Company is a limited liability company treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as a
result, all items of income and expense are passed through to,
and are generally reportable on, the tax returns of the
respective members of each limited liability company. Therefore,
no federal or state income tax provision has been recorded.
The FASB issued new guidance on accounting for uncertainty in
income taxes. The Company adopted this new guidance for the year
ended December 31, 2009. Management evaluated the
Companys tax positions and concluded that the Company had
taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the
financial statements to comply with the provisions of this
guidance.
F-9
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Interest
Rate Swaps and Hedging Activities
The Company recognizes its interest rate swap derivatives on the
balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair
value. Changes in the derivatives fair value are
recognized currently in income unless specific hedge accounting
criteria are met. Special accounting for qualifying hedges
allows a derivatives gains and losses to offset related
results on the hedged item in the statement of operations and
requires the Company to formally document, designate and assess
effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting.
Derivatives that are not hedges are adjusted to fair value
through earnings. If the derivative qualifies as a hedge,
depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value
of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair
value of hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through
earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income until the
hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion
of a derivatives change in fair value, if any, is
immediately recognized as interest expense.
In March 2008, the FASB issued guidance related to disclosures
about derivative instruments and hedging activities. This
guidance requires enhanced disclosures of an entitys
derivative instruments and hedging activities and their effects
on the entitys financial position, financial performance
and cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance in 2009. See
Note 8 for the enhanced disclosures required by this
statement.
Comprehensive
Income
Accounting principles generally require that recognized income,
expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Certain
changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized
appreciation or depreciation on interest rate swaps, are
reported as a separate component of members capital in the
consolidated balance sheet, and such items, along with net
income, are components of comprehensive income.
Fair
Value
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value
adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine
fair value disclosures. Fair value is the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon
quoted market prices. However, in certain instances, there are
no quoted market prices for certain assets or liabilities. In
cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values
are based on estimates using present value or other valuation
techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the
assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of
future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not
be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability.
Fair value measurements focus on exit prices in an orderly
transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed
sale) between market participants at the measurement date under
current market conditions. If there has been a significant
decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or
liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of
multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such
instances, determining the price at which willing market
participants would transact at the measurement date under
current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances
and requires the use of significant judgment.
The Companys fair value measurements are classified into a
fair value hierarchy based on the markets in which the assets
and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the
assumptions used to determine fair value. The three categories
within the hierarchy are as follows:
|
|
|
Level 1 |
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities. |
|
Level 2 |
|
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted
prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,
quoted prices in markets that are not active, and model-based
valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are
observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
F-10
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
|
|
|
Level 3 |
|
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market
activity and that are significant to the fair value of the
assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities
include financial instruments whose value is determined using
pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar
techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination
of fair value requires significant management judgment or
estimation. |
Prior to 2009, the fair value guidance only pertained to
financial assets and liabilities. On January 1, 2009, the
provisions of the fair value accounting guidance became
effective for non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company
adopted these provisions in 2009, and there was no impact on the
financial statements as there were no non-financial assets or
liabilities measured at fair value.
In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance which addressed concerns
that fair value measurements emphasized the use of an observable
market transaction even when that transaction may not have been
orderly or the market for that transaction may not have been
active. This guidance relates to the following:
(a) determining when the volume and level of activity for
the asset or liability has significantly decreased;
(b) identifying circumstances in which a transaction is not
orderly; and (c) understanding the fair value measurement
implications of both (a) and (b). The Company adopted this
new guidance in 2009, and the adoption had no impact on the
Companys financial statements.
In February 2010, the FASB issued guidance which amends the
existing guidance related to fair value measurements and
disclosures. The amendments will require the following new fair
value disclosures:
|
|
|
|
|
Separate disclosure of the significant transfers in and out of
Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, and a
description of the reasons for the transfers.
|
|
|
|
In the roll forward of activity for Level 3 fair value
measurements (significant unobservable inputs), purchases,
sales, issuances, and settlements should be presented separately
(on a gross basis rather than as one net number).
|
In addition, the amendments clarify existing disclosure
requirements, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value measurements and disclosures should be presented for
each class of assets and liabilities within a line item in the
balance sheet.
|
|
|
|
Reporting entities should provide disclosures about the
valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for
both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements that
fall in either Level 2 or Level 3.
|
The new disclosures and clarifications of existing disclosures
are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures
included in the roll forward of activity for Level 3 fair
value measurements, for which the effective date is for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim
periods within those fiscal years.
See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value.
Transfers
of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when
control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over
transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the
assets have been isolated from the Company put
presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its
creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership,
(2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions
that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge
or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the transferor
does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets
through either (a) an agreement that both entitles and
obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem the assets
before maturity or (b) the ability to unilaterally cause
the holder to return specific assets, other than through a
cleanup call.
F-11
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance which modifies certain
guidance relating to transfers and servicing of financial
assets. This guidance eliminates the concept of qualifying
special purpose entities, provides guidance as to when a portion
of a transferred financial asset can be evaluated for sale
accounting, provides additional guidance with regard to
accounting for transfers of financial assets and requires
additional disclosures. This guidance is effective for the
Company as of January 1, 2010, with adoption applied
prospectively for transfers that occur on and after the
effective date. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to
have a material impact on the Companys financial
statements.
Subsequent
Events
In May 2009, the FASB issued guidance relating to accounting
for, and disclosure of, events that occur after the balance
sheet date but before financial statements are issued or
available to be issued. This guidance defines (i) the
period after the balance sheet date during which a reporting
entitys management should evaluate events or transactions
that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the
financial statements, (ii) the circumstances under which an
entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after
the balance sheet date in its financial statements, and
(iii) the disclosures an entity should make about events or
transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. The
guidance became effective for the Company during the year ended
December 31, 2009.
The Company has evaluated the subsequent events through
March 19, 2010, the date on which the financial statements
were issued.
Loans receivable consist of term loans and revolving loans. The
loans are payable in installments with final maturities ranging
from 24 to 48 months and are generally collateralized by
all assets of the borrower. As of December 31, 2009 and
2008, 96.7% and 83.4%, respectively, of the Companys loans
are at fixed rates for their term. The weighted average interest
rate of the loan portfolio was 12.64% and 12.04% as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. All loans were
made to companies based in the United States of America.
The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for
loan losses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(inception)
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
1,649,653
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Provision for loan losses
|
|
|
274,381
|
|
|
|
1,649,653
|
|
Charge offs, net of recoveries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
1,924,034
|
|
|
$
|
1,649,653
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit I entered into a $150,000,000 Revolving Credit Facility
(the Credit Facility) with WestLB AG
(WestLB) effective March 4, 2008. The Credit
Facility has a three year initial revolving term and is
renewable on March 3, 2011, subject to agreement between
the Company and WestLB. If the revolving term is not renewed,
the balance will be allowed to amortize over an additional four
year term. The interest rate is based upon the one-month LIBOR
(0.23% and 0.44% as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively) plus a spread of 2.50%.
The Credit Facility is collateralized by loans held by Credit I
and permits an advance rate of up to 75% of eligible loans held
by Credit I. The Credit Facility contains covenants that, among
other things, require the
F-12
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
Company to maintain a minimum net worth and to restrict the
loans securing the Credit Facility to certain criteria for
qualified loans and includes portfolio company concentration
limits as defined in the related loan agreement. At
December 31, 2009 and 2008, based on assets of
Credit I, the Company had borrowing capacity of
approximately $72,160,000 and $65,800,000, respectively, and had
actual borrowings outstanding of $64,166,412 and $63,673,016,
respectively, on the Credit Facility.
|
|
Note 5.
|
Financial
Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
|
In the normal course of business, the Company is party to
financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the
financing needs of its borrowers. These financial instruments
include commitments to extend credit and involve, to varying
degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount
recognized in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company
attempts to limit its credit risk by conducting extensive due
diligence and obtaining collateral where appropriate.
The balance of unfunded commitments to extend credit was
$5,400,000 and $18,200,000 at December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. Commitments to extend credit consist principally
of the unused portions of commitments that obligate CHF to
extend credit, such as revolving credit arrangements or similar
transactions. Commitments may also include a financial or
nonfinancial milestone that has to be achieved before the
commitment can be drawn. Commitments generally have fixed
expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since commitments
may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment
amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
|
|
Note 6.
|
Concentrations
of Credit Risk
|
The Companys loan portfolio consists primarily of loans to
development-stage companies at various stages of development in
the information technology and life science industries. Many of
these companies may have relatively limited operating histories
and also may experience variation in operating results. Many of
these companies do business in regulated industries and could be
affected by changes in government regulations. Most of the
Companys borrowers will need additional capital to satisfy
their continuing working capital needs and other requirements,
and in many instances to service the interest and principal
payments on the loans.
The largest loans may vary from year to year as new loans are
recorded and repaid. The Companys five largest loans
represented approximately 28% and 29% of total loans outstanding
as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. No single
loan represents more than 10% of the total loans as of
December 31, 2009 and 2008. Loan income, consisting of
interest and fees, can fluctuate significantly upon repayment of
large loans. Interest income from the five largest loans
accounted for approximately 23% and 21% of total loan interest
and fee income for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the
period from March 4, 2008 (inception) to December 31,
2008, respectively.
The Company receives warrants from borrowers in connection with
the loans receivable. These warrants generally do not produce a
current cash return, but are held for potential investment
appreciation and capital gains. For the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the period ended December 31,
2008, the Company reported realized gains of $137,696 and
$21,571, respectively, and net unrealized appreciation and
depreciation of $892,130 and $72,641, respectively, on the
warrants.
|
|
Note 8:
|
Interest
Rate Swaps and Hedging Activities
|
On October 14, 2008, the Company entered into two interest
rate swap agreements (collectively, the Swap) with
WestLB, fixing the rate of $10 million at 3.58% and
$15 million at 3.2% on the first advances of a like amount
of variable rate Credit Facility borrowings. The interest rate
swaps expire in October 2011 and October 2010, respectively. The
Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge and is anticipated to be
highly effective.
F-13
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
The Company utilizes the Swap to manage risks related to
interest rates on the first $25 million of borrowings on
the Companys Credit Facility. Accounting for derivatives
as hedges requires that, at inception and over the term of the
arrangement, the hedged item and related derivative meet the
requirements for hedge accounting.
The objective of the Swap is to hedge the risk of changes in
cash flows associated with the future interest payments on the
first $25 million of the variable rate Credit Facility debt
with a combined notional amount of $25 million. This is a
hedge of future specified cash flows. As a result, these
interest rate swaps are derivatives and were designated as
hedging instruments at the inception of the Swap, and the
Company has applied cash flow hedge accounting. The Swap is
recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, and
any related increases or decreases in the fair value are
recognized on the Companys consolidated balance sheet
within accumulated other comprehensive income.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Swap has been recorded
as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet and the
corresponding unrealized loss on the Swap is recorded in
accumulated other comprehensive loss, totaling $767,877 and
$1,162,563, respectively. The Swap does not contain any credit
risk related contingent features.
The Company assesses the effectiveness of its Swap on a
quarterly basis. The Company has considered the impact of the
current credit crisis in the United States in assessing the risk
of counterparty default. The Company believes that it is still
likely that the counterparty for the Swap will continue to
perform throughout the contract period, and as a result
continues to deem the Swap an effective hedging instrument. As
most of the critical terms of the hedging instruments and hedged
items match, the hedging relationship is considered to be highly
effective. Prospective and retrospective assessments of the
ineffectiveness of the hedge have been and will be made at the
end of each fiscal quarter.
No ineffectiveness on the Swap was recognized during the year
ended December 31, 2009 and period ended December 31,
2008. During the year ended December 31, 2009, $756,038 was
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into
interest expense, and $571,293 is expected to be reclassified in
the next twelve months.
On March 4, 2008, $50,000,000 of capital was contributed to
CHF. Since inception, there have been no distributions to
members.
As described in Note 1, the Company uses fair value
measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets
and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. A
description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and
liabilities recorded at fair value, and for estimating fair
value for financial and non-financial instruments not recorded
at fair value, is set forth below.
Cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest
receivable: The carrying amount is a reasonable
estimate of fair value. These financial instruments are not
recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
Loans: For variable rate loans which re-price
frequently and have no significant change in credit risk,
carrying values are a reasonable estimate of fair values,
adjusted for credit losses inherent in the portfolio. The fair
value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future
cash flows using the year end rates at which similar loans would
be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the
same remaining maturities, adjusted for credit losses inherent
in the portfolio. The Company does not record loans at fair
value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time,
nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral-dependent
impaired loans may be recorded to reflect partial write-downs
based on the observable market price or current appraised value
of collateral.
Warrants: The Company values its warrants
using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of the
Companys warrants held in publicly traded companies are
determined based on inputs that are readily
F-14
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
available in public markets or can be derived from information
available in public markets. Therefore, the Company has
categorized these warrants as Level 2 within the fair value
hierarchy described in Note 2. The fair value of the
Companys warrants held in private companies are determined
using both observable and unobservable inputs and represents
managements best estimate of what market participants
would use in pricing the warrants at the measurement date.
Therefore, the Company has categorized these warrants as
Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy described in
Note 2. These financial instruments are recorded at fair
value on a recurring basis.
Borrowings: The carrying amount of borrowings
under the revolving credit facility approximates its fair value
due to the short duration and variable interest rate of this
debt. These financial instruments are not recorded at fair value
on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company considers its
creditworthiness in determining the fair value of such
borrowings.
Interest rate swap derivatives: The fair value
of the Companys interest rate swap derivative instruments
is the estimated as the amount the Company would pay to
terminate its swaps at the balance sheet date, taking into
account current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the
counterparty for assets and the credit worthiness of the Company
for liabilities. The Company has categorized these derivative
instruments as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy
described in Note 2. These financial instruments are
recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
Off-balance-sheet instruments: Fair values for
off-balance-sheet lending commitments are based on fees
currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into
account the remaining terms of the agreements and the
counterparties credit standings. Off-balance-sheet
instruments are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
The following table details the financial instruments that are
carried at fair value and measured at fair value on a recurring
basis as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and
indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques
utilized by the Company to determine the fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
|
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Warrant Assets
|
|
$
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
447,417
|
|
|
$
|
2,010,263
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Swap Liability
|
|
$
|
767,877
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
767,877
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
|
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Warrant Assets
|
|
$
|
693,644
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
136,891
|
|
|
$
|
556,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Swap Liability
|
|
$
|
1,162,563
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,162,563
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-15
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and
ending balances for Level 3 assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 4, 2008
|
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Level 3 assets, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
556,753
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Warrants received and classified as Level 3
|
|
|
535,034
|
|
|
|
515,037
|
|
Unrealized gains included in earnings
|
|
|
918,476
|
|
|
|
41,716
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3 assets, end of period
|
|
$
|
2,010,263
|
|
|
$
|
556,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company discloses fair value information about financial
instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for
which it is practicable to estimate that value. Certain
financial instruments are excluded from the disclosure
requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts
presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.
The estimated fair value amounts for 2009 and 2008 have been
measured as of the year-end date, and have not been reevaluated
or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent
to that date. As such, the estimated fair values of these
financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be
different than amounts reported at year-end.
The information presented should not be interpreted as an
estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair
value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the
Companys assets and liabilities. Due to the wide range of
valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in
making the estimates, comparisons between the Companys
disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.
As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, the recorded book
balances and estimated fair values of the Companys
financial instruments were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Recorded
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recorded
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Book
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
|
Balance
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Balance
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Financial Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash & cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
9,892,048
|
|
|
$
|
20,024,408
|
|
|
$
|
20,024,408
|
|
Loans receivable, net
|
|
$
|
109,496,205
|
|
|
$
|
110,654,287
|
|
|
$
|
91,480,038
|
|
|
$
|
92,100,589
|
|
Warrants
|
|
$
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
$
|
2,457,680
|
|
|
$
|
693,644
|
|
|
$
|
693,644
|
|
Accrued interest receivable
|
|
$
|
1,451,963
|
|
|
$
|
1,451,963
|
|
|
$
|
502,915
|
|
|
$
|
502,915
|
|
Financial Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings
|
|
$
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
$
|
64,166,412
|
|
|
$
|
63,673,016
|
|
|
$
|
63,673,016
|
|
Interest rate swap liability
|
|
$
|
767,877
|
|
|
$
|
767,877
|
|
|
$
|
1,162,563
|
|
|
$
|
1,162,563
|
|
Off-balance-sheet
instruments
The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general
interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal
operations. As a result, the fair values of the Companys
financial instruments will change when interest rate levels
change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to
the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets
and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize
interest rate risk. Management
F-16
Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC
Notes to
Consolidated Financial
Statements (Continued)
monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and
attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of
new loans and by investing in securities with terms that
mitigate the Companys overall interest rate risk.
|
|
Note 11:
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
Horizon Technology Finance Management LLC serves as Advisor for
the Company under a Management and Services Agreement which
provides for management fees payable monthly to the Advisor at a
rate of 2.0% per annum of the gross assets of the Company. The
Advisor also generates substantially all investment
opportunities for the Company. Total management fee expense was
$2,202,268 and $1,073,083 for the year ended December 31,
2009 and the period from March 4, 2008 to December 31,
2008, respectively. Accrued management fees were $181,561 and
$159,594 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
|
|
Note 12:
|
Subsequent
Events
|
In 2010, the members of the Company intend to exchange their
membership interests in the Company for shares of common stock
of an entity formed by the Company and expected to be named
Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (the Share
Exchange). In conjunction with the Share Exchange, Horizon
Technology Finance Corporation plans on completing an initial
public offering (IPO). Immediately prior to the
completion of an IPO, the Company, to the extent there is
available cash on hand at the Company, expects to make a cash
distribution (Pre-IPO Distribution) to its
Class A Member from net income and as a return of capital.
After the Pre-IPO Distribution and immediately prior to the
completion of the IPO, all owners of the Company would exchange
their membership interests in the Company for shares of common
stock of Horizon Technology Finance Corporation. Horizon
Technology Finance Corporation is expected to become the public
corporation upon the completion of the IPO. Upon the completion
of the Share Exchange and the IPO, the Company would become a
wholly owned subsidiary of Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation.
F-17
Through and
including ,
2010 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all
dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers obligation
to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with
respect to their unsold allotments or subscription.
Part C
OTHER
INFORMATION
|
|
Item 25.
|
Financial
statements and exhibits
|
1. Financial Statements
The following financial statements of Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation (the Registrant or the
Company) are included in Part A of this
Registration Statement.
INDEX TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
|
F-2
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2009 and
December 31, 2008
|
|
|
F-3
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008
(inception) through December 31, 2008
|
|
|
F-4
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Members Capital at
December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008
(inception) through December 31, 2008
|
|
|
F-5
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended
December 31, 2009 and the period from March 4, 2008
(inception) through December 31, 2008
|
|
|
F-6
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
F-7
|
|
2. Exhibits
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation(1)
|
|
(b)
|
|
|
Amended and Restated
Bylaws(1)
|
|
(d)
|
|
|
Form of Specimen
Certificate(1)
|
|
(e)
|
|
|
Dividend Reinvestment
Plan(1)
|
|
(f)(1)
|
|
|
Credit and Security Agreement by and among Horizon Credit I LLC,
WestLB AG, New York Branch, U.S. Bank National Association, as
custodian and paying agent, and WestLB AG, New York Branch, as
agent, dated as of March 4,
2008(1)
|
|
(f)(2)
|
|
|
Sale and Contribution Agreement by and between Compass Horizon
Funding Company LLC and Horizon Credit I LLC, dated as of
March 4,
2008(1)
|
|
(g)
|
|
|
Investment Management
Agreement(1)
|
|
(h)
|
|
|
Form of Underwriting
Agreement(1)
|
|
(j)(1)
|
|
|
Custody
Agreement(1)
|
|
(j)(2)
|
|
|
Form of Foreign Custody Manager
Agreement(1)
|
|
(k)(1)
|
|
|
Form of Stock Transfer Agency
Agreement(1)
|
|
(k)(2)
|
|
|
Form of Administration
Agreement(1)
|
|
(k)(3)
|
|
|
Form of Sub-Administration and Accounting Services
Agreement(1)
|
|
(k)(4)
|
|
|
Trademark License Agreement by and between the Registrant and
Horizon Technology Finance Management
LLC(1)
|
|
(l)
|
|
|
Opinion and Consent of Counsel to the
Company(1)
|
|
(n)
|
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm(2)
|
C-1
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
(r)(1)
|
|
|
Code of Ethics of the
Company(1)
|
|
(r)(2)
|
|
|
Code of Ethics of our
Advisor(1)
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
|
(2)
|
|
Filed herewith.
|
|
|
Item 26.
|
Marketing
arrangements
|
The information contained under the heading
Underwriters in this Registration Statement is
incorporated herein by reference.
|
|
Item 27.
|
Other
expenses of issuance and distribution
|
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be
incurred in connection with the offering described in this
registration statement:
|
|
|
|
|
SEC registration fee
|
|
$
|
8,912.50
|
|
FINRA filing fee
|
|
|
13,000
|
|
NASDAQ Global Market listing fee
|
|
|
*
|
|
Printing (other than certificates)
|
|
|
*
|
|
Engraving and printing certificates
|
|
|
*
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Transfer agent fees
|
|
|
*
|
|
Miscellaneous fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be furnished by amendment.
|
All of the expenses set forth above shall be borne by the
Registrant.
|
|
Item 28.
|
Persons
controlled by or under common control with the
registrant
|
Immediately following the completion of the Share Exchange, we
will own 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Compass
Horizon Funding Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company.
|
|
Item 29.
|
Number
of holders of shares
|
The following table sets forth the approximate number of record
holders of the Companys common stock as
of ,
2010:
|
|
|
|
|
Title of Class
|
|
Number of Record
Holders
|
|
|
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
|
|
|
|
|
The information contained under the heading Description of
Capital Stock is incorporated herein by reference.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to as the
Securities Act, may be permitted to directors,
officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant
C-2
to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has
been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful
defense of any action suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the
securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
again public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Registrant carries liability insurance for the benefit of
its directors and officers (other than with respect to claims
resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his or her office) on a claims-made basis.
The Registrant has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against
specified liabilities for actions taken in their capacities as
such, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
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Item 31.
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Business
and Other Connections of Investment Advisor
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A description of any other business, profession, vocation or
employment of a substantial nature in which Horizon Technology
Finance Management LLC, which we refer to as our
Advisor, and each managing director, director or
executive officer of our Advisor, is or has been during the past
two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in
the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee,
is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in
the section entitled Our Advisor. Additional
information regarding our Advisor and its executive officers and
directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File
No. 801-71141),
and is incorporated herein by reference. See
Management.
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Item 32.
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Location
of accounts and records
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The Registrants accounts, books and other documents are
currently located at the offices of the Registrant,
c/o Advisor,
76 Batterson Park Road, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, and at
the offices of the Registrants Custodian and Transfer
Agent, .
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Item 33.
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Management
services
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Not Applicable.
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(1)
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The Registrant hereby undertakes to suspend the offering of its
common stock until it amends its prospectus if
(a) subsequent to the effective date of its Registration
Statement, the net asset value declines more than 10% from its
net asset value as of the effective date of the Registration
Statement or (b) the net asset value increases to an amount
greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.
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(2)
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Not applicable.
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(3)
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Not applicable.
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(4)
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Not applicable.
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(5) (a) |
For the purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of a registration statement in reliance
upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus
filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the
Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of the
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
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(b) |
For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating
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C-3
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to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
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C-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Farmington, and State of Connecticut,
on the 19th day of March, 2010.
Horizon Technology
Finance Corporation
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By:
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/s/ Robert
D. Pomeroy, Jr.
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Name: Robert D. Pomeroy, Jr.
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Title:
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Chief Executive Officer
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POWER OF
ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose
signature appears below constitutes and appoints Robert D.
Pomeroy, Jr. as true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent
with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and
in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign
any and all amendments to this Registration Statement (including
post-effective amendments, or any abbreviated registration
statement and any amendments thereto filed pursuant to
Rule 462(b) and otherwise), and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith,
with the Securities and Exchange Commission granting unto said
attorney-in-fact and agent the full power and authority to do
and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done in and about the foregoing, as to all intents and
purposes as either of them might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and
agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons
in the capacities set forth below on March 19, 2010. This
document may be executed by the signatories hereto on any number
of counterparts, all of which constitute one and the same
instrument.
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Name
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Title
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/s/ Robert
D. Pomeroy, Jr.
Robert
D. Pomeroy, Jr.
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Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors
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/s/ Gerald
A. Michaud
Gerald
A. Michaud
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President and Director
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/s/ David
P. Swanson
David
P. Swanson
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Director
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/s/ Christopher
M. Mathieu
Christopher
M. Mathieu
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Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
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exv99wn
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form N-2 of Horizon Technology Finance
Corporation our report dated March 19, 2010, relating to our audits of the consolidated financial
statements of Compass Horizon Funding Company LLC, appearing in the Prospectus, which is part of
this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the reference to our firm under the captions Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm, Selected Financial and other Data
and Senior Securities in such Prospectus.
/s/
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP
New Haven, Connecticut
March 19, 2010